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Yulug B, Ayyildiz S, Sayman D, Karaca R, Ipek L, Cankaya S, Salar AB, Ayyildiz B, Mikuta C, Yagci N, Oktem EO, Ozsimsek A, Velioglu HA, Hanoglu L. The functional role of the pulvinar in discriminating between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12450. [PMID: 38356480 PMCID: PMC10865482 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotionally driven cognitive complaints represent a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians and indicate the importance of objective confirmation of the accuracy of depressive patients' descriptions of their cognitive symptoms. METHODS We compared cognitive status and structural and functional brain connectivity changes in the pulvinar and hippocampus between patients with total depression and healthy controls. The depressive group was also classified as "amnestic" or "nonamnestic," based on the members' subjective reports concerning their forgetfulness. We then sought to determine whether these patients would differ in terms of objective neuroimaging and cognitive findings. RESULTS The right pulvinar exhibited altered connectivity in individuals with depression with objective cognitive impairment, a finding which was not apparent in depressive patients with subjective cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION The pulvinar may play a role in depression-related cognitive impairments. Connectivity network changes may differ between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in depression and may play a role in the increased risk of dementia in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Sevilay Ayyildiz
- School of MedicineDepartment of NeuroradiologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- School of MedicineTUM‐NIC Neuroimaging CenterTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Anatomy PhD ProgramGraduate School of Health SciencesKocaeli UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dila Sayman
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Ramazan Karaca
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Lutfiye Ipek
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Ali Behram Salar
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive‐Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN)Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Behcet Ayyildiz
- Anatomy PhD ProgramGraduate School of Health SciencesKocaeli UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Christian Mikuta
- Translational Research CenterUniversity Hospital of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Interdisciplinary Biosciences Doctoral Training PartnershipDepartment of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nilay Yagci
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Ece Ozdemir Oktem
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat UniversityAntalyaTurkey
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- School of MedicineTUM‐NIC Neuroimaging CenterTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Psychiatric NeuroscienceFeinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNew YorkUSA
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology and NeuroscienceIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Pulvinar Response Profiles and Connectivity Patterns to Object Domains. J Neurosci 2023; 43:812-826. [PMID: 36596697 PMCID: PMC9899088 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0613-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Distributed cortical regions show differential responses to visual objects belonging to different domains varying by animacy (e.g., animals vs tools), yet it remains unclear whether this is an organization principle also applying to the subcortical structures. Combining multiple fMRI activation experiments (two main experiments and six validation datasets; 12 females and 9 males in the main Experiment 1; 10 females and 10 males in the main Experiment 2), resting-state functional connectivity, and task-based dynamic causal modeling analysis in human subjects, we found that visual processing of images of animals and tools elicited different patterns of response in the pulvinar, with robust left lateralization for tools, and distinct, bilateral (with rightward tendency) clusters for animals. Such domain-preferring activity distribution in the pulvinar was associated with the magnitude with which the voxels were intrinsically connected with the corresponding domain-preferring regions in the cortex. The pulvinar-to-right-amygdala path showed a one-way shortcut supporting the perception of animals, and the modulation connection from pulvinar to parietal showed an advantage to the perception of tools. These results incorporate the subcortical regions into the object processing network and highlight that domain organization appears to be an overarching principle across various processing stages in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Viewing objects belonging to different domains elicited different cortical regions, but whether the domain organization applied to the subcortical structures (e.g., pulvinar) was unknown. Multiple fMRI activation experiments revealed that object pictures belonging to different domains elicited differential patterns of response in the pulvinar, with robust left lateralization for tool pictures, and distinct, bilateral (with rightward tendency) clusters for animals. Combining the resting-state functional connectivity and dynamic causal modeling analysis on task-based fMRI data, we found domain-preferring activity distribution in the pulvinar aligned with that in cortical regions. These results highlight the need for coherent visual theories that explain the mechanisms underlying the domain organization across various processing stages.
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Nakayama R, Bardin JB, Koizumi A, Motoyoshi I, Amano K. Building a decoder of perceptual decisions from microsaccades and pupil size. Front Psychol 2022; 13:942859. [PMID: 36176801 PMCID: PMC9514321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported neural correlates of visual awareness across several brain regions, including the sensory, parietal, and frontal areas. In most of these studies, participants were instructed to explicitly report their perceptual experience through a button press or verbal report. It is conceivable, however, that explicit reporting itself may trigger specific neural responses that can confound the direct examination of the neural correlates of visual awareness. This suggests the need to assess visual awareness without explicit reporting. One way to achieve this is to develop a technique to predict the visual awareness of participants based on their peripheral responses. Here, we used eye movements and pupil sizes to decode trial-by-trial changes in the awareness of a stimulus whose visibility was deteriorated due to adaptation-induced blindness (AIB). In the experiment, participants judged whether they perceived a target stimulus and rated the confidence they had in their perceptual judgment, while their eye movements and pupil sizes were recorded. We found that not only perceptual decision but also perceptual confidence can be separately decoded from the eye movement and pupil size. We discuss the potential of this technique with regard to assessing visual awareness in future neuroimaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Nakayama
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bardin
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ai Koizumi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isamu Motoyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Amano
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kaoru Amano,
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Yun SD, Pais-Roldán P, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shah NJ. Mapping of whole-cerebrum resting-state networks using ultra-high resolution acquisition protocols. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3386-3403. [PMID: 35384130 PMCID: PMC9248311 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used in numerous studies to map networks in the brain that employ spatially disparate regions. However, attempts to map networks with high spatial resolution have been hampered by conflicting technical demands and associated problems. Results from recent fMRI studies have shown that spatial resolution remains around 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm3, with only partial brain coverage. Therefore, this work aims to present a novel fMRI technique that was developed based on echo‐planar‐imaging with keyhole (EPIK) combined with repetition‐time‐external (TR‐external) EPI phase correction. Each technique has been previously shown to be effective in enhancing the spatial resolution of fMRI, and in this work, the combination of the two techniques into TR‐external EPIK provided a nominal spatial resolution of 0.51 × 0.51 × 1.00 mm3 (0.26 mm3 voxel) with whole‐cerebrum coverage. Here, the feasibility of using half‐millimetre in‐plane TR‐external EPIK for resting‐state fMRI was validated using 13 healthy subjects and the corresponding reproducible mapping of resting‐state networks was demonstrated. Furthermore, TR‐external EPIK enabled the identification of various resting‐state networks distributed throughout the brain from a single fMRI session, with mapping fidelity onto the grey matter at 7T. The high‐resolution functional image further revealed mesoscale anatomical structures, such as small cerebral vessels and the internal granular layer of the cortex within the postcentral gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Dae Yun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-11, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Kurzawski JW, Lunghi C, Biagi L, Tosetti M, Morrone MC, Binda P. Short-term plasticity in the human visual thalamus. eLife 2022; 11:74565. [PMID: 35384840 PMCID: PMC9020816 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is evidence that the visual cortex retains a potential for plasticity in adulthood, less is known about the subcortical stages of visual processing. Here we asked whether short-term ocular dominance plasticity affects the human visual thalamus. We addressed this question in normally sighted adult humans, using ultra-high field (7T) magnetic resonance imaging combined with the paradigm of short-term monocular deprivation. With this approach, we previously demonstrated transient shifts of perceptual eye dominance and ocular dominance in visual cortex (Binda et al., 2018). Here we report evidence for short-term plasticity in the ventral division of the pulvinar (vPulv), where the deprived eye representation was enhanced over the non-deprived eye. This ventral-pulvinar plasticity was similar as previously seen in visual cortex and it was correlated with the ocular dominance shift measured behaviorally. In contrast, there was no effect of monocular deprivation in two adjacent thalamic regions: dorsal pulvinar (dPulv), and Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN). We conclude that the visual thalamus retains potential for short-term plasticity in adulthood; the plasticity effect differs across thalamic subregions, possibly reflecting differences in their cortico-fugal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Lunghi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Concetta Morrone
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Binda
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Svanera M, Benini S, Bontempi D, Muckli L. CEREBRUM-7T: Fast and Fully Volumetric Brain Segmentation of 7 Tesla MR Volumes. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5563-5580. [PMID: 34598307 PMCID: PMC8559470 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables sub-millimetre resolution imaging of the human brain, allowing the study of functional circuits of cortical layers at the meso-scale. An essential step in many functional and structural neuroimaging studies is segmentation, the operation of partitioning the MR images in anatomical structures. Despite recent efforts in brain imaging analysis, the literature lacks in accurate and fast methods for segmenting 7-tesla (7T) brain MRI. We here present CEREBRUM-7T, an optimised end-to-end convolutional neural network, which allows fully automatic segmentation of a whole 7T T1w MRI brain volume at once, without partitioning the volume, pre-processing, nor aligning it to an atlas. The trained model is able to produce accurate multi-structure segmentation masks on six different classes plus background in only a few seconds. The experimental part, a combination of objective numerical evaluations and subjective analysis, confirms that the proposed solution outperforms the training labels it was trained on and is suitable for neuroimaging studies, such as layer functional MRI studies. Taking advantage of a fine-tuning operation on a reduced set of volumes, we also show how it is possible to effectively apply CEREBRUM-7T to different sites data. Furthermore, we release the code, 7T data, and other materials, including the training labels and the Turing test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Svanera
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Benini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dennis Bontempi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lars Muckli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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The primary visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls: organization, cytoarchitectonics and comparison with perissodactyls and primates. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:1195-1225. [PMID: 34604923 PMCID: PMC9046356 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cetartiodactyls include terrestrial and marine species, all generally endowed with a comparatively lateral position of their eyes and a relatively limited binocular field of vision. To this day, our understanding of the visual system in mammals beyond the few studied animal models remains limited. In the present study, we examined the primary visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls that live on land (sheep, Père David deer, giraffe); in the sea (bottlenose dolphin, Risso’s dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, sperm whale and fin whale); or in an amphibious environment (hippopotamus). We also sampled and studied the visual cortex of the horse (a closely related perissodactyl) and two primates (chimpanzee and pig-tailed macaque) for comparison. Our histochemical and immunohistochemical results indicate that the visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls is characterized by a peculiar organization, structure, and complexity of the cortical column. We noted a general lesser lamination compared to simians, with diminished density, and an apparent simplification of the intra- and extra-columnar connections. The presence and distribution of calcium-binding proteins indicated a notable absence of parvalbumin in water species and a strong reduction of layer 4, usually enlarged in the striated cortex, seemingly replaced by a more diffuse distribution in neighboring layers. Consequently, thalamo-cortical inputs are apparently directed to the higher layers of the column. Computer analyses and statistical evaluation of the data confirmed the results and indicated a substantial correlation between eye placement and cortical structure, with a markedly segregated pattern in cetaceans compared to other mammals. Furthermore, cetacean species showed several types of cortical lamination which may reflect differences in function, possibly related to depth of foraging and consequent progressive disappearance of light, and increased importance of echolocation.
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The Role of the Thalamus in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041730. [PMID: 33572198 PMCID: PMC7915053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a high lifetime prevalence and is one of the more serious challenges in mental health care. Fear-conditioned learning involving the amygdala has been thought to be one of the main causative factors; however, recent studies have reported abnormalities in the thalamus of PTSD patients, which may explain the mechanism of interventions such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Therefore, I conducted a miniature literature review on the potential contribution of the thalamus to the pathogenesis of PTSD and the validation of therapeutic approaches. As a result, we noticed the importance of the retinotectal pathway (superior colliculus−pulvinar−amygdala connection) and discussed therapeutic indicators.
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Bollmann S, Barth M. New acquisition techniques and their prospects for the achievable resolution of fMRI. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 207:101936. [PMID: 33130229 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews recent advances in technologies for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain and highlights the push for higher functional specificity based on increased spatial resolution and specific MR contrasts to reveal previously undetectable functional properties of small-scale cortical structures. We discuss how the combination of MR hardware, advanced acquisition techniques and various MR contrast mechanisms have enabled recent progress in functional neuroimaging. However, these advanced fMRI practices have only been applied to a handful of neuroscience questions to date, with the majority of the neuroscience community still using conventional imaging techniques. We thus discuss upcoming challenges and possibilities for fMRI technology development in human neuroscience. We hope that readers interested in functional brain imaging acquire an understanding of current and novel developments and potential future applications, even if they don't have a background in MR physics or engineering. We summarize the capabilities of standard fMRI acquisition schemes with pointers to relevant literature and comprehensive reviews and introduce more recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bollmann
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Markus Barth
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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