Bolstered Neuronal Antioxidant Response May Confer Resistance to Development of Dementia in Individuals with Alzheimer's Neuropathology by Ameliorating Amyloid-β-Induced Oxidative Stress

Neuroprotective Effects of Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties

Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of olive oil, including key antioxidants, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and oleocanthal, is systematically examined. The mechanisms by which these compounds provide neuroprotection, including counteracting oxidative damage and modulating neuroprotective pathways, are explored. The neuroprotective efficacy of olive oil is evaluated by synthesizing findings from various sources, including in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials. The integration of olive oil into dietary patterns, particularly its role in the Mediterranean diet, and its broader implications in neurodegenerative disease prevention are also discussed. The challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications are acknowledged and future research directions are proposed to better understand the potential of olive oil in mitigating the risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights olive oil not only as a dietary component, but also as a promising candidate in preventive neurology, advocating for further investigation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.

Nacre extract from pearl oyster attenuates amyloid beta-induced memory impairment

Shells are composed of two types of calcium carbonate polymorphs-the prismatic layer and the nacreous layer. Pearls, composed of the nacreous layer, have been used in Chinese medicine since ancient times. We have previously shown that extracts from the nacreous layer improves scopolamine-induced memory impairment. However, whether pearl ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ1-40) has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether nacre extract improves memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40. Administration of nacre extract led to recovery from Aβ1-40-induced impairments in object recognition, short-term memory, and spatial memory. Nacre extract reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation caused by Aβ1-40 in the cerebral cortex by increasing the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, nacre extract recovered the expression and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which decreased with Aβ1-40 treatment, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y, which are regulated by CREB. Nacre extract also suppressed acetylcholine esterase activity and Aβ1-40-induced tau phosphorylation. Histochemical analysis of the hippocampus region showed that the nacre extract protected against Aβ1-40-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus. These results suggest that nacre extract protects against Aβ1-40-induced neuronal cell death by suppressing oxidative stress and increasing the expression and phosphorylation of CREB.