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Brossier NM, Thondapu S, Cobb OM, Dahiya S, Gutmann DH. Temporal, spatial, and genetic constraints contribute to the patterning and penetrance of murine neurofibromatosis-1 optic glioma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:625-637. [PMID: 33080011 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors of childhood, but little is understood about the factors that influence their development. Pediatric low-grade gliomas in particular display unique temporal and spatial localization associated with different genetic mutations (eg, BRAF genomic alterations, mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1] gene) for reasons that remain unclear. NF1 low-grade gliomas typically arise in the optic pathway of young children as optic pathway gliomas (OPGs), likely from a cell of origin that resides within the third ventricular zone (TVZ). However, the factors that contribute to their distinct temporal patterning and penetrance have not been adequately explored. METHODS TVZ neuroglial progenitor cells (NPCs) were analyzed over the course of mouse brain development. Progenitors isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were assessed for functional and molecular differences. The impact of different germline Nf1 mutations on TVZ NPC properties was analyzed using genetically engineered mice. RESULTS We identify 3 individual factors that could each contribute to Nf1 optic glioma temporal patterning and penetrance. First, there are 3 functionally and molecularly distinct populations of mouse TVZ NPCs, one of which ("M" cells) exhibits the highest clonogenic incidence, proliferation, and abundance during embryogenesis. Second, TVZ NPC proliferation dramatically decreases after birth. Third, germline Nf1 mutations differentially increase TVZ NPC proliferation during embryogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The unique temporal patterning and penetrance of Nf1 optic glioma reflects the combined effects of TVZ NPC population composition, time-dependent changes in progenitor proliferation, and the differential impact of the germline Nf1 mutation on TVZ NPC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Brossier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sharanya Thondapu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Olivia M Cobb
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Jung-Klawitter S, Opladen T. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as model to study inherited defects of neurotransmission in inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1103-1116. [PMID: 29980968 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reprogram somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the way of modeling human disease. Especially for the modeling of rare human monogenetic diseases with limited numbers of patients available worldwide and limited access to the mostly affected tissues, iPSCs have become an invaluable tool. To study rare diseases affecting neurotransmitter biosynthesis and neurotransmission, stem cell models carrying patient-specific mutations have become highly important as most of the cell types present in the human brain and the central nervous system (CNS), including motoneurons, neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, can be differentiated from iPSCs following distinct developmental programs. Differentiation can be performed using classical 2D differentiation protocols, thereby generating specific subtypes of neurons or glial cells in a dish. On the other side, 3D differentiation into "organoids" opened new ways to study misregulated developmental processes associated with rare neurological and neurometabolic diseases. For the analysis of defects in neurotransmission associated with rare neurometabolic diseases, different types of brain organoids have been made available during the last years including forebrain, midbrain and cerebral organoids. In this review, we illustrate reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs, differentiation in 2D and 3D, as well as already available disease-specific iPSC models, and discuss current and future applications of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Non-invasive genotype prediction of chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion by development and validation of an MRI-based radiomics signature in lower-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 140:297-306. [PMID: 30097822 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform radiomics analysis for non-invasively predicting chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion in World Health Organization grade II and III (lower-grade) gliomas. METHODS This retrospective study included 277 patients histopathologically diagnosed with lower-grade glioma. Clinical parameters were recorded for each patient. We performed a radiomics analysis by extracting 647 MRI-based features and applied the random forest algorithm to generate a radiomics signature for predicting 1p/19q co-deletion in the training cohort (n = 184). The clinical model consisted of pertinent clinical factors, and was built using a logistic regression algorithm. A combined model, incorporating both the radiomics signature and related clinical factors, was also constructed. The receiver operating characteristics curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance. We further validated the predictability of the three developed models using a time-independent validation cohort (n = 93). RESULTS The radiomics signature was constructed as an independent predictor for differentiating 1p/19q co-deletion genotypes, which demonstrated superior performance on both the training and validation cohorts with areas under curve (AUCs) of 0.887 and 0.760, respectively. These results outperformed the clinical model (AUCs of 0.580 and 0.627 on training and validation cohorts). The AUCs of the combined model were 0.885 and 0.753 on training and validation cohorts, respectively, which indicated that clinical factors did not present additional improvement for the prediction. CONCLUSION Our study highlighted that an MRI-based radiomics signature can effectively identify the 1p/19q co-deletion in histopathologically diagnosed lower-grade gliomas, thereby offering the potential to facilitate non-invasive molecular subtype prediction of gliomas.
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Jiang Y, Marinescu VD, Xie Y, Jarvius M, Maturi NP, Haglund C, Olofsson S, Lindberg N, Olofsson T, Leijonmarck C, Hesselager G, Alafuzoff I, Fryknäs M, Larsson R, Nelander S, Uhrbom L. Glioblastoma Cell Malignancy and Drug Sensitivity Are Affected by the Cell of Origin. Cell Rep 2017; 18:977-990. [PMID: 28122246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the glioblastoma (GBM) cell of origin and its contributions to disease progression and treatment response remain largely unknown. We have analyzed how the phenotypic state of the initially transformed cell affects mouse GBM development and essential GBM cell (GC) properties. We find that GBM induced in neural stem-cell-like glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells in the subventricular zone of adult mice shows accelerated tumor development and produces more malignant GCs (mGC1GFAP) that are less resistant to cancer drugs, compared with those originating from more differentiated nestin- (mGC2NES) or 2,'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (mGC3CNP)-expressing cells. Transcriptome analysis of mouse GCs identified a 196 mouse cell origin (MCO) gene signature that was used to partition 61 patient-derived GC lines. Human GC lines that clustered with the mGC1GFAP cells were also significantly more self-renewing, tumorigenic, and sensitive to cancer drugs compared with those that clustered with mouse GCs of more differentiated origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita Dana Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naga Prathyusha Maturi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Haglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Olofsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nanna Lindberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tommie Olofsson
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Box 1024, 75140 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Leijonmarck
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hesselager
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Yang J, Cheng X, Shen J, Xie B, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Cao Q, Shen Y, Qiu M. A Novel Approach for Amplification and Purification of Mouse Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:203. [PMID: 27597818 PMCID: PMC4992724 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although transgenic and knockout mice are widely used to study the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), mouse primary OPCs are difficult to be purified and maintained, and many in vitro studies have to resort to rat OPCs as substitutes. In this study, we reported that mouse O4 negative early-stage OPCs can be obtained by culturing cortical tissue blocks, and the simultaneous treatment of OPCs with Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGFaa), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the key for the propagation of mouse OPCs in culture. EGF was found to be a potent mitogen for OPCs and cooperate with PDGFaa to extend cell division and inhibit their differentiation. EGF also collaborates with PDGFaa and bFGF to convert bipolar or tripolar OPCs to more vital fibroblast-like OPCs without compromising their oligodendrocyte differentiation potential. In addition, EGF promoted the survival and proliferation of glial progenitor cells (GPCs) derived from primary OPC cultures, and a mixture of GPCs and OPCs can be obtained and propagated in the presence of EGF, bFGF, and PDGFaa. Once EGF is withdrawn, GPC population decreased sharply and fibroblast-like OPCs changed into typical OPCs morphology, then homogeneous OPCs were obtained subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Qilin Cao
- The Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, LouisvilleKY, USA
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Baker SJ, Ellison DW, Gutmann DH. Pediatric gliomas as neurodevelopmental disorders. Glia 2015; 64:879-95. [PMID: 26638183 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor of childhood, with gliomas comprising the largest fraction of these cancers. Several features distinguish them from their adult counterparts, including their natural history, causative genetic mutations, and brain locations. These unique properties suggest that the cellular and molecular etiologies that underlie their development and maintenance might be different from those that govern adult gliomagenesis and growth. In this review, we discuss the genetic basis for pediatric low-grade and high-grade glioma in the context of developmental neurobiology, and highlight the differences between histologically-similar tumors arising in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Oncogenic signaling is dominant to cell of origin and dictates astrocytic or oligodendroglial tumor development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurosci 2015; 34:14644-51. [PMID: 25355217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2977-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, believed to be the cellular origin of glioma, are able to generate gliomas, according to experimental studies. Here we investigated the potential and circumstances of more differentiated cells to generate glioma development. We and others have shown that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) can also be the cell of origin for experimental oligodendroglial tumors. However, the question of whether OPCs have the capacity to initiate astrocytic gliomas remains unanswered. Astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors represent the two most common groups of glioma and have been considered as distinct disease groups with putatively different origins. Here we show that mouse OPCs can give rise to both types of glioma given the right circumstances. We analyzed tumors induced by K-RAS and AKT and compared them to oligodendroglial platelet-derived growth factor B-induced tumors in Ctv-a mice with targeted deletions of Cdkn2a (p16(Ink4a-/-), p19(Arf-/-), Cdkn2a(-/-)). Our results showed that glioma can originate from OPCs through overexpression of K-RAS and AKT when combined with p19(Arf) loss, and these tumors displayed an astrocytic histology and high expression of astrocytic markers. We argue that OPCs have the potential to develop both astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors given loss of p19(Arf), and that oncogenic signaling is dominant to cell of origin in determining glioma phenotype. Our mouse data are supported by the fact that human astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma display a high degree of overlap in global gene expression with no clear distinctions between the two diagnoses.
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The taxonomy of brain cancer stem cells: what's in a name? Oncoscience 2014; 1:241-7. [PMID: 25594016 PMCID: PMC4278291 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing recognition that stem cells play vital roles in the formation, maintenance, and potential targeted treatment of brain tumors, there has been an exponential increase in basic laboratory and translational research on these cell types. However, there are several different classes of stem cells germane to brain cancer, each with distinct capabilities and functions. In this perspective, we discuss the types of stem cells relevant to brain tumor pathogenesis, and suggest a nomenclature for future preclinical and clinical investigation.
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