1
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Maleszewska M, Wojnicki K, Mieczkowski J, Król SK, Jacek K, Śmiech M, Kocyk M, Ciechomska IA, Bujko M, Siedlecki J, Kotulska K, Grajkowska W, Zawadzka M, Kaminska B. DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:228. [PMID: 38509074 PMCID: PMC10954651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Jacek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kocyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Suresh V, Muralidharan B, Pradhan SJ, Bose M, D’Souza L, Parichha A, Reddy PC, Galande S, Tole S. Regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the developing hippocampal primordium by LIM-HD transcription factor LHX2. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010874. [PMID: 37594984 PMCID: PMC10482279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cerebral cortex, the hippocampal primordium (Hcp) occupies a discrete position in the dorsal telencephalic neuroepithelium adjacent to the neocortical primordium (Ncp). We examined transcriptomic and chromatin-level features that distinguish the Hcp from the Ncp in the mouse during the early neurogenic period, embryonic day (E)12.5. ATAC-seq revealed that the Hcp was more accessible than the Ncp at this stage. Motif analysis of the differentially accessible loci in these tissues revealed LHX2 as a candidate transcription factor for modulating gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We analyzed LHX2 occupancy profiles and compared these with transcriptomic data from control and Lhx2 mutant Hcp and Ncp at E12.5. Our results revealed that LHX2 directly regulates distinct genes in the Hcp and Ncp within a set of common pathways that control fundamental aspects of development namely pluripotency, axon pathfinding, Wnt, and Hippo signaling. Loss of Lhx2 caused a decrease in accessibility, specifically in hippocampal chromatin, suggesting that this factor may play a unique role in hippocampal development. We identified 14 genes that were preferentially enriched in the Hcp, for which LHX2 regulates both chromatin accessibility and mRNA expression, which have not thus far been examined in hippocampal development. Together, these results provide mechanistic insight into how LHX2 function in the Hcp may contribute to the process by which the hippocampus acquires features distinct from the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Suresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhavana Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Saurabh J. Pradhan
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
| | - Mahima Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Leora D’Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpan Parichha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Puli Chandramouli Reddy
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Delhi NCR, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Biology department, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Delhi NCR, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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3
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Wang Q, Cao T, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of Dmrt genes in echinoderms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7664. [PMID: 37169947 PMCID: PMC10175285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt (Doublesex-mab3-related transcription factor) gene family is a class of crucial transcription factors characterized by one or several conserved DM (Doublesex/Mab-3) domains. Dmrt family genes can participate in various physiological developmental processes, especially in sex determination/differentiation. Echinoderms are extremely important research objects in various fields, such as sex determination/differentiation and neuroscience. However, to date, the genome-wide characterization and analysis of Dmrt genes in echinoderms have not been investigated. In this study, the identification and analysis of Dmrt genes in 11 representative echinoderms were performed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 43 Dmrt genes have been found in the studied echinoderms, and the number of Dmrt genes in different species ranges from 2 to 5. The phylogenetic tree showed that all Dmrt genes from echinoderms can be subdivided into 5 classes, the Dmrt2-like class, Dmrt3-like class, Dmrt4/5-like class, Dsx-like class, and a novel Dmrt (starfish-specific) class. Furthermore, selective pressure assessment suggested that the Dmrt genes underwent purifying selection pressure. In general, this study provides a molecular basis for echinoderm Dmrt genes and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection and Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Tiangui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Yantai Vocational College, Yantai, 264670, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Yantai Vocational College, Yantai, 264670, China.
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4
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Casado-Navarro R, Serrano-Saiz E. DMRT Transcription Factors in the Control of Nervous System Sexual Differentiation. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:937596. [PMID: 35958734 PMCID: PMC9361473 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.937596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual phenotypic differences in the nervous system are one of the most prevalent features across the animal kingdom. The molecular mechanisms responsible for sexual dimorphism throughout metazoan nervous systems are extremely diverse, ranging from intrinsic cell autonomous mechanisms to gonad-dependent endocrine control of sexual traits, or even extrinsic environmental cues. In recent years, the DMRT ancient family of transcription factors has emerged as being central in the development of sex-specific differentiation in all animals in which they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of Dmrt genes in nervous system sexual regulation from an evolutionary perspective.
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5
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Kikkawa T, Osumi N. Multiple Functions of the Dmrt Genes in the Development of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:789583. [PMID: 34955736 PMCID: PMC8695973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.789583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt genes encode the transcription factor containing the DM (doublesex and mab-3) domain, an intertwined zinc finger-like DNA binding module. While Dmrt genes are mainly involved in the sexual development of various species, recent studies have revealed that Dmrt genes, which belong to the DmrtA subfamily, are differentially expressed in the embryonic brain and spinal cord and are essential for the development of the central nervous system. Herein, we summarize recent studies that reveal the multiple functions of the Dmrt genes in various aspects of vertebrate neural development, including brain patterning, neurogenesis, and the specification of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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6
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Dong J, Li J, Hu J, Sun C, Tian Y, Li W, Yan N, Sun C, Sheng X, Yang S, Shi Q, Ye X. Comparative Genomics Studies on the dmrt Gene Family in Fish. Front Genet 2020; 11:563947. [PMID: 33281869 PMCID: PMC7689362 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (dmrt) genes are widely distributed across various biological groups and play critical roles in sex determination and neural development. Here, we applied bioinformatics methods to exam cross-species changes in the dmrt family members and evolutionary relationships of the dmrt genes based on genomes of 17 fish species. All the examined fish species have dmrt1-5 while only five species contained dmrt6. Most fish harbored two dmrt2 paralogs (dmrt2a and dmrt2b), with dmrt2b being unique to fish. In the phylogenetic tree, 147 DMRT are categorized into eight groups (DMRT1-DMRT8) and then clustered in three main groups. Selective evolutionary pressure analysis indicated purifying selections on dmrt1-3 genes and the dmrt1-3-2(2a) gene cluster. Similar genomic conservation patterns of the dmrt1-dmrt3-dmrt2(2a) gene cluster with 20-kb upstream/downstream regions in fish with various sex-determination systems were observed except for three regions with remarkable diversity. Synteny analysis revealed that dmrt1, dmrt2a, dmrt2b, and dmrt3-5 were relatively conserved in fish during the evolutionary process. While dmrt6 was lost in most species during evolution. The high conservation of the dmrt1-dmrt3-dmrt2(2a) gene cluster in various fish genomes suggests their crucial biological functions while various dmrt family members and sequences across fish species suggest different biological roles during evolution. This study provides a molecular basis for fish dmrt functional analysis and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxi Sun
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Kinare V, Iyer A, Padmanabhan H, Godbole G, Khan T, Khatri Z, Maheshwari U, Muralidharan B, Tole S. An evolutionarily conserved Lhx2-Ldb1 interaction regulates the acquisition of hippocampal cell fate and regional identity. Development 2020; 147:dev.187856. [PMID: 32994168 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The protein co-factor Ldb1 regulates cell fate specification by interacting with LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) proteins in a tetrameric complex consisting of an LDB:LDB dimer that bridges two LIM-HD molecules, a mechanism first demonstrated in the Drosophila wing disc. Here, we demonstrate conservation of this interaction in the regulation of mammalian hippocampal development, which is profoundly defective upon loss of either Lhx2 or Ldb1 Electroporation of a chimeric construct that encodes the Lhx2-HD and Ldb1-DD (dimerization domain) in a single transcript cell-autonomously rescues a comprehensive range of hippocampal deficits in the mouse Ldb1 mutant, including the acquisition of field-specific molecular identity and the regulation of the neuron-glia cell fate switch. This demonstrates that the LHX:LDB complex is an evolutionarily conserved molecular regulatory device that controls complex aspects of regional cell identity in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kinare
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College for Women, Mumbai 400026, India
| | - Archana Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Hari Padmanabhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Geeta Godbole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Tooba Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Zeba Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Upasana Maheshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Bhavana Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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8
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Muralidharan B. Understanding brain development - Indian researchers' past, present and growing contribution. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 64:123-132. [PMID: 32659000 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.190204bm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the seat of all higher-order functions in the body. Brain development and the vast array of neurons and glia it produces is a baffling mystery to be studied. Neuroscientists using a vast number of model systems have been able to crack many of the nitty-gritty details using various model systems. One way has been to size down the problem by utilizing the power of genetics using simple model systems such as Drosophila to create a fundamental framework in order to unravel the basic principles of brain development. Scientists have used simpler organisms to uncover the fundamental principles of brain development and also to study the evo-devo angle to brain development. Complex circuitry has been unraveled in complex model systems, such as the mouse, to reveal the intricacies and regional specialization of brain function. This is an ever-growing field, and with newer genetic and molecular tools, together with several new centers of excellence, India's contribution to this fascinating field of study is continually rising. Here, I review the pioneering work done by Indian developmental neurobiologists in the past and their mounting contribution in the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Muralidharan
- Brain Development and Disease Mechanisms, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.
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9
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Wang Y, Dai G, Gu Z, Liu G, Tang K, Pan YH, Chen Y, Lin X, Wu N, Chen H, Feng S, Qiu S, Sun H, Li Q, Xu C, Mao Y, Zhang YE, Khaitovich P, Wang YL, Liu Q, Han JDJ, Shao Z, Wei G, Xu C, Jing N, Li H. Accelerated evolution of an Lhx2 enhancer shapes mammalian social hierarchies. Cell Res 2020; 30:408-420. [PMID: 32238901 PMCID: PMC7196073 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Social hierarchies emerged during evolution, and social rank influences behavior and health of individuals. However, the evolutionary mechanisms of social hierarchy are still unknown in amniotes. Here we developed a new method and performed a genome-wide screening for identifying regions with accelerated evolution in the ancestral lineage of placental mammals, where mammalian social hierarchies might have initially evolved. Then functional analyses were conducted for the most accelerated region designated as placental-accelerated sequence 1 (PAS1, P = 3.15 × 10-18). Multiple pieces of evidence show that PAS1 is an enhancer of the transcription factor gene Lhx2 involved in brain development. PAS1s isolated from various amniotes showed different cis-regulatory activity in vitro, and affected the expression of Lhx2 differently in the nervous system of mouse embryos. PAS1 knock-out mice lack social stratification. PAS1 knock-in mouse models demonstrate that PAS1s determine the social dominance and subordinate of adult mice, and that social ranks could even be turned over by mutated PAS1. All homozygous mutant mice had normal huddled sleeping behavior, motor coordination and strength. Therefore, PAS1-Lhx2 modulates social hierarchies and is essential for establishing social stratification in amniotes, and positive Darwinian selection on PAS1 plays pivotal roles in the occurrence of mammalian social hierarchies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyi Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoshan Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou Qiu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongduo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Edward Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Qunxiu Liu
- Shanghai Zoological Park, 200335, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
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10
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Ratié L, Desmaris E, García-Moreno F, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Kelman A, Theil T, Bellefroid EJ, Molnár Z. Loss of Dmrt5 Affects the Formation of the Subplate and Early Corticogenesis. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:3296-3312. [PMID: 31845734 PMCID: PMC7197206 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dmrt5 (Dmrta2) and Dmrt3 are key regulators of cortical patterning and progenitor proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we show an altered apical to intermediate progenitor transition, with a delay in SP neurogenesis and premature birth of Ctip2+ cortical neurons in Dmrt5−/− mice. In addition to the cortical progenitors, DMRT5 protein appears present in postmitotic subplate (SP) and marginal zone neurons together with some migrating cortical neurons. We observed the altered split of preplate and the reduced SP and disturbed radial migration of cortical neurons into cortical plate in Dmrt5−/− brains and demonstrated an increase in the proportion of multipolar cells in primary neuronal cultures from Dmrt5−/− embryonic brains. Dmrt5 affects cortical development with specific time sensitivity that we described in two conditional mice with slightly different deletion time. We only observed a transient SP phenotype at E15.5, but not by E18.5 after early (Dmrt5lox/lox;Emx1Cre), but not late (Dmrt5lox/lox;NestinCre) deletion of Dmrt5. SP was less disturbed in Dmrt5lox/lox;Emx1Cre and Dmrt3−/− brains than in Dmrt5−/− and affects dorsomedial cortex more than lateral and caudal cortex. Our study demonstrates a novel function of Dmrt5 in the regulation of early SP formation and radial cortical neuron migration. Summary Statement Our study demonstrates a novel function of Dmrt5 in regulating marginal zone and subplate formation and migration of cortical neurons to cortical plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Ratié
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Elodie Desmaris
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fernando García-Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Parque Científico UPV/EHU Edif. Sede, E-48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE Foundation, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Kelman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Thomas Theil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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11
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Wang W, Zhong P, Yi JQ, Xu AX, Lin WY, Guo ZC, Wang CG, Sun CB, Chan S. Potential role for microRNA in facilitating physiological adaptation to hypoxia in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:361-369. [PMID: 30291981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common physiological stressors in shrimp farming. Post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs has been recognized as a ubiquitous strategy to enable transient phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to stressful environment, but involvement of microRNAs in hypoxia stress response of penaeid shrimp remains elusive. In this study, small RNA sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted to construct a comprehensive microRNA dataset for the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to hypoxia challenge. A total of 3324 known miRNAs and 8 putative novel miRNAs were identified, providing a valuable resource for future investigation on the functional mechanism of miRNAs in shrimp. Upon hypoxia, 1213 miRNAs showed significant differential expression, and many well-known miRNAs involved in hypoxia tolerance such as miR-210, let-7, miR-143 and miR-101 were identified. Remarkably, the vast majority of these miRNAs were up-regulated, suggesting that up-regulation of miRNAs may represent an effective strategy to inhibit protein translation under stressful hypoxic condition. The differentially expressed miRNAs were potentially targeting a wide variety of genes, including those with essential roles in hypoxia tolerance such as HIF1a and p53. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed that a broad range of biological processes and metabolic pathways were over-represented. Several GO terms associated with gene transcription and translation and KEGG pathways related to cytoskeleton remodeling, immune defense and signaling transduction were enriched, highlighting the crucial roles of these cellular events in the adaptation to hypoxia. Taken together, our study revealed that the differentially expressed miRNAs may regulate host response to hypoxia by modulating the expression of stress response genes such as HIF1a and p53 and affecting key cellular events involved in hypoxia adaptation. The findings would expand our knowledge of the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of hypoxia response strategies used by penaeid shrimp, and contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ping Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun-Qiao Yi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ai-Xuan Xu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhen-Cong Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cheng-Gui Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cheng-Bo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Siuming Chan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China.
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12
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Muralidharan B, D'Souza L, Tole S. An Efficient System for Gene Perturbation in Embryonic Hippocampal Progenitors Using Ex Vivo Electroporation Followed by In Vitro Dissociated Cell Culture. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518767404. [PMID: 29760561 PMCID: PMC5946340 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518767404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We established an efficient cell culture assay that permits combinatorial genetic perturbations in hippocampal progenitors to examine cell-autonomous mechanisms of fate specification. The procedure begins with ex vivo electroporation of isolated, intact embryonic brains, in a manner similar to in utero electroporation but with greatly improved access and targeting. The electroporated region is then dissected and transiently maintained in organotypic explant culture, followed by dissociation and plating of cells on coverslips for in vitro culture. This assay recapitulates data obtained in vivo with respect to the neuron-glia cell fate switch and can be effectively used to test intrinsic or extrinsic factors that regulate this process. The advantages of this ex vivo procedure over in utero electroporation include the fact that distinct combinations of perturbative reagents can be introduced in different embryos from a single litter, and issues related to embryonic lethality of transgenic animals can be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Leora D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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13
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Abstract
A hundred years after Lhx2 ortholog apterous was identified as a critical regulator of wing development in Drosophila, LIM-HD gene family members have proved to be versatile and powerful components of the molecular machinery that executes the blueprint of embryogenesis across vertebrate and invertebrate species. Here, we focus on the spatio-temporally varied functions of LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LHX2 in the developing mouse forebrain. Right from its earliest known role in telencephalic and eye field patterning, to the control of the neuron-glia cell fate switch, and the regulation of axon pathfinding and dendritic arborization in late embryonic stages, LHX2 has been identified as a fundamental, temporally dynamic, always necessary, and often sufficient factor in a range of critical developmental phenomena. While Lhx2 mutant phenotypes have been characterized in detail in multiple brain structures, only recently have we advanced in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which this factor acts. Common themes emerge from how this multifunctional molecule controls a range of developmental steps in distinct forebrain structures. Examining these shared features, and noting unique aspects of LHX2 function is likely to inform our understanding of how a single factor can bring about a diversity of effects and play central and critical roles across systems and stages. The parallels in LHX2 and APTEROUS functions, and the protein complexes they participate in, offer insights into evolutionary strategies that conserve tool kits and deploy them to play new, yet familiar roles in species separated by hundreds of millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ju Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
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14
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Kinare V, Shetty AS, Suresh A, Tole S. PAX6 can substitute for LHX2 and override NFIA-induced astrogliogenesis in developing hippocampus in vivo. J Biosci 2018; 43:75-83. [PMID: 29485116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, transcription factors play a crucial role in the regulation of cell fate. Previously we demonstrated that LHX2 is a critical regulator of the neuron-glia cell fate switch in the developing mouse hippocampus. Here, we test LHX2 target gene Pax6 for a role in this process. We report that Pax6 overexpression is able to suppress the enhanced astrogliogenesis arising due to loss of functional LHX2. Furthermore, we show that like Lhx2, Pax6 is also able to suppress induced astrogliogenesis caused by overexpression of progliogenic factor Nfia. This demonstrates that overexpression of Pax6 can substitute for Lhx2 in the regulation of the neuronal versus glial cell fate in the developing hippocampus, and therefore, supports a role for PAX6 as a mediator of LHX2 function in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kinare
- Department of Life Sciences, Sophia College for Women, Mumbai, India
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15
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Kinare V, Shetty AS, Suresh A, Tole S. PAX6 can substitute for LHX2 and override NFIA-induced astrogliogenesis in developing hippocampus in vivo. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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