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Diessler S, Jan M, Emmenegger Y, Guex N, Middleton B, Skene DJ, Ibberson M, Burdet F, Götz L, Pagni M, Sankar M, Liechti R, Hor CN, Xenarios I, Franken P. A systems genetics resource and analysis of sleep regulation in the mouse. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005750. [PMID: 30091978 PMCID: PMC6085075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for optimal brain functioning and health, but the biological substrates through which sleep delivers these beneficial effects remain largely unknown. We used a systems genetics approach in the BXD genetic reference population (GRP) of mice and assembled a comprehensive experimental knowledge base comprising a deep "sleep-wake" phenome, central and peripheral transcriptomes, and plasma metabolome data, collected under undisturbed baseline conditions and after sleep deprivation (SD). We present analytical tools to interactively interrogate the database, visualize the molecular networks altered by sleep loss, and prioritize candidate genes. We found that a one-time, short disruption of sleep already extensively reshaped the systems genetics landscape by altering 60%-78% of the transcriptomes and the metabolome, with numerous genetic loci affecting the magnitude and direction of change. Systems genetics integrative analyses drawing on all levels of organization imply α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking and fatty acid turnover as substrates of the negative effects of insufficient sleep. Our analyses demonstrate that genetic heterogeneity and the effects of insufficient sleep itself on the transcriptome and metabolome are far more widespread than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Diessler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benita Middleton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Burdet
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lou Götz
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martial Sankar
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Liechti
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte N. Hor
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Anstötz M, Lee SK, Maccaferri G. Expression of TRPV1 channels by Cajal-Retzius cells and layer-specific modulation of synaptic transmission by capsaicin in the mouse hippocampus. J Physiol 2018; 596:3739-3758. [PMID: 29806907 DOI: 10.1113/jp275685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS By taking advantage of calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we provide direct pharmacological evidence for the functional expression of TRPV1 channels in hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells. Application of the TRPV1 activator capsaicin powerfully enhances spontaneous synaptic transmission in the hippocampal layers that are innervated by the axons of Cajal-Retzius cells. Capsaicin-triggered calcium responses and membrane currents in Cajal-Retzius cells, as well as layer-specific modulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission, are absent when the drug is applied to slices prepared from TRPV1- /- animals. We discuss the implications of the functional expression of TRPV1 channels in Cajal-Retzius cells and of the observed TRPV1-dependent layer-specific modulation of synaptic transmission for physiological and pathological network processing. ABSTRACT The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 forms complex polymodal channels that are expressed by sensory neurons and play a critical role in nociception. Their distribution pattern and functions in cortical circuits are, however, much less understood. Although TRPV1 reporter mice have suggested that, in the hippocampus, TRPV1 is predominantly expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs), direct functional evidence is missing. As CRs powerfully excite GABAergic interneurons of the molecular layers, TRPV1 could play important roles in the regulation of layer-specific processing. Here, we have taken advantage of calcium imaging with the genetically encoded indicator GCaMP6s and patch-clamp techniques to study the responses of hippocampal CRs to the activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin, and have compared the effect of TRPV1 stimulation on synaptic transmission in layers innervated or non-innervated by CRs. Capsaicin induced both calcium responses and membrane currents in ∼50% of the cell tested. Neither increases of intracellular calcium nor whole-cell currents were observed in the presence of the TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine/Ruthenium Red or in slices prepared from TRPV1 knockout mice. We also report a powerful TRPV1-dependent enhancement of spontaneous synaptic transmission onto interneurons with dendritic trees confined to the layers innervated by CRs. In conclusion, our work establishes that functional TRPV1 is expressed by a significant fraction of CRs and we propose that TRPV1 activity may regulate layer-specific synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Lastly, as CR density decreases during postnatal development, we also propose that functional TRPV1 receptors may be related to mechanisms involved in CR progressive reduction by calcium-dependent toxicity/apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Anstötz
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA.,Institute for Neuroanatomy, University/University Hospital Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611-3008, USA
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Elinder F, Liin SI. Actions and Mechanisms of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels. Front Physiol 2017; 8:43. [PMID: 28220076 PMCID: PMC5292575 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act on most ion channels, thereby having significant physiological and pharmacological effects. In this review we summarize data from numerous PUFAs on voltage-gated ion channels containing one or several voltage-sensor domains, such as voltage-gated sodium (NaV), potassium (KV), calcium (CaV), and proton (HV) channels, as well as calcium-activated potassium (KCa), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Some effects of fatty acids appear to be channel specific, whereas others seem to be more general. Common features for the fatty acids to act on the ion channels are at least two double bonds in cis geometry and a charged carboxyl group. In total we identify and label five different sites for the PUFAs. PUFA site 1: The intracellular cavity. Binding of PUFA reduces the current, sometimes as a time-dependent block, inducing an apparent inactivation. PUFA site 2: The extracellular entrance to the pore. Binding leads to a block of the channel. PUFA site 3: The intracellular gate. Binding to this site can bend the gate open and increase the current. PUFA site 4: The interface between the extracellular leaflet of the lipid bilayer and the voltage-sensor domain. Binding to this site leads to an opening of the channel via an electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged PUFA and the positively charged voltage sensor. PUFA site 5: The interface between the extracellular leaflet of the lipid bilayer and the pore domain. Binding to this site affects slow inactivation. This mapping of functional PUFA sites can form the basis for physiological and pharmacological modifications of voltage-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Elinder
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
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Pigott BM, Garthwaite J. Nitric Oxide Is Required for L-Type Ca(2+) Channel-Dependent Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:17. [PMID: 27445786 PMCID: PMC4925670 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has long been implicated in the generation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and other types of synaptic plasticity, a role for which the intimate coupling between NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (nNOS) is likely to be instrumental in many instances. While several types of synaptic plasticity depend on NMDARs, others do not, an example of which is LTP triggered by opening of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (L-VGCCs) in postsynaptic neurons. In CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, NMDAR-dependent LTP (LTPNMDAR) appears to be primarily expressed postsynaptically whereas L-VGCC-dependent LTP (LTPL−VGCC), which often coexists with LTPNMDAR, appears mainly to reflect enhanced presynaptic transmitter release. Since NO is an excellent candidate as a retrograde messenger mediating post-to-presynaptic signaling, we sought to determine if NO functions in LTPL−VGCC in mouse CA3-CA1 synapses. When elicited by a burst type of stimulation with NMDARs and the associated NO release blocked, LTPL−VGCC was curtailed by inhibition of NO synthase or of the NO-receptor guanylyl cyclase to the same extent as occurred with inhibition of L-VGCCs. Unlike LTPNMDAR at these synapses, LTPL−VGCC was unaffected in mice lacking endothelial NO synthase, implying that the major source of the NO is neuronal. Transient delivery of exogenous NO paired with tetanic synaptic stimulation under conditions of NMDAR blockade resulted in a long-lasting potentiation that was sensitive to inhibition of NO-receptor guanylyl cyclase but was unaffected by inhibition of L-VGCCs. The results indicate that NO, acting through its second messenger cGMP, plays an unexpectedly important role in L-VGCC-dependent, NMDAR-independent LTP, possibly as a retrograde messenger generated in response to opening of postsynaptic L-VGCCs and/or as a signal acting postsynaptically, perhaps to facilitate changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice M Pigott
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London London, UK
| | - John Garthwaite
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London London, UK
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Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in a number of physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. They occur in two of the three domains of terrestrial life (bacteria, eucarya) and the human genome involves six functional LOX genes, which encode for six different LOX isoforms. One of these isoforms is ALOX15, which has first been described in rabbits in 1974 as enzyme capable of oxidizing membrane phospholipids during the maturational breakdown of mitochondria in immature red blood cells. During the following decades ALOX15 has extensively been characterized and its biological functions have been studied in a number of cellular in vitro systems as well as in various whole animal disease models. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the protein-chemical, molecular biological and enzymatic properties of ALOX15 in various species (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) as well as its implication in cellular physiology and in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Joshi YB, Giannopoulos PF, Praticò D. The 12/15-lipoxygenase as an emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:181-186. [PMID: 25708815 PMCID: PMC4355395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive memory loss. Mutations in genes involved in the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) are linked to the early-onset variant of AD. However, the most common form, sporadic AD, is considered to be the result of an interaction between environmental risk factors and various genes. Among them, recent work has highlighted the potential role that the 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15LO) pathway may play in AD pathogenesis. 12/15LO is widely distributed in the central nervous system, and its levels are upregulated in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairments. Studies using animal models have implicated 12/15LO in the molecular pathology of AD, including the metabolism of Aβ and tau, synaptic integrity, and cognitive functions. We provide an overview of this pathway and its relevance to AD pathogenesis, discuss the mechanism(s) involved, and provide an assessment of how targeting 12/15LO could lead to novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash B Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Phillip F Giannopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Beaulieu E, Ioffe J, Watson SN, Hermann PM, Wildering WC. Oxidative-stress induced increase in circulating fatty acids does not contribute to phospholipase A2-dependent appetitive long-term memory failure in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:56. [PMID: 24886155 PMCID: PMC4013061 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for normal physiological functioning of the brain. However, uncompensated increase in ROS levels may results in oxidative stress. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is one of the key players activated by elevated ROS levels resulting in the hydrolysis of various products from the plasmamembrane such as peroxidized fatty acids. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and fatty acid metabolites are often implicated to the genesis of cognitive impairment. Previously we have shown that age-, and experimentally induced oxidative stress causes PLA2-dependent long-term memory (LTM) failure in an aversive operant conditioning model in Lymnaea stagnalis. In the present study, we investigate the effects of experimentally induced oxidative stress and the role of elevated levels of circulating FFAs on LTM function using a non-aversive appetitive classical conditioning paradigm. Results We show that intracoelomic injection of exogenous PLA2 or pro-oxidant induced PLA2 activation negatively affects LTM performance in our learning paradigm. In addition, we show that experimental induction of oxidative stress causes significant temporal changes in circulating FFA levels. Importantly, the time of training coincides with the peak of this change in lipid metabolism. However, intracoelomic injection with exogenous arachidonic acid, one of the main FFAs released by PLA2, does not affect LTM function. Moreover, sequestrating circulating FFAs with the aid of bovine serum albumin does not rescue pro-oxidant induced appetitive LTM failure. Conclusions Our data substantiates previous evidence linking lipid peroxidation and PLA2 activation to age- and oxidative stress-related cognitive impairment, neuronal dysfunction and disease. In addition however, our data indicate that lipid peroxidation induced increased levels of circulating (per)oxidized FFAs are not a factor in oxidative stress induced LTM impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Willem C Wildering
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Moreno A, Jego P, de la Cruz F, Canals S. Neurophysiological, metabolic and cellular compartments that drive neurovascular coupling and neuroimaging signals. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENERGETICS 2013; 5:3. [PMID: 23543907 PMCID: PMC3610078 DOI: 10.3389/fnene.2013.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Complete understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate work and energy supply of the brain, the so called neurovascular coupling, is fundamental to interpreting brain energetics and their influence on neuronal coding strategies, but also to interpreting signals obtained from brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. Interactions between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow regulation are largely compartmentalized. First, there exists a functional compartmentalization in which glutamatergic peri-synaptic activity and its electrophysiological events occur in close proximity to vascular responses. Second, the metabolic processes that fuel peri-synaptic activity are partially segregated between glycolytic and oxidative compartments. Finally, there is cellular segregation between astrocytic and neuronal compartments, which has potentially important implications on neurovascular coupling. Experimental data is progressively showing a tight interaction between the products of energy consumption and neurotransmission-driven signaling molecules that regulate blood flow. Here, we review some of these issues in light of recent findings with special attention to the neuron-glia interplay on the generation of neuroimaging signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Pierrick Jego
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología y Medio AmbienteHabana, Cuba
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de Alicante, Spain
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Li B, Fu Z, Hu R, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Fructus Gardeniae extracts synergistically improve learning and memory of a mouse model. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:247-250. [PMID: 24648929 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS) and Fructus Gardeniae (FG) are two herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have suggested that Fructus Gardeniae as well as Semen Ziziphi Spinosae are able to regulate the function of the central nervous system. However, their effect on learning and memory has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of SZS and FG on the learning and memory of mice using the methods of step-through and -down passive avoidance tasks and Morris water maze tasks. The results showed that SZS and FG extracts have certain effects on improving the performance of the learning and memory-impaired mouse model. Of note, compound extracts of SZS and FG have a synergistic effect on the learning and memory of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Li
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000
| | - Zhaoying Fu
- Molecular Biology, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046
| | - Yahui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000
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Watson SN, Wright N, Hermann PM, Wildering WC. Phospholipase A₂: the key to reversing long-term memory impairment in a gastropod model of aging. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:610-20. [PMID: 22459601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Memory failure associated with changes in neuronal circuit functions rather than cell death is a common feature of normal aging in diverse animal species. The (neuro)biological foundations of this phenomenon are not well understood although oxidative stress, particularly in the guise of lipid peroxidation, is suspected to play a key role. Using an invertebrate model system of age-associated memory impairment that supports direct correlation between behavioral deficits and changes in the underlying neural substrate, we show that inhibition of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) abolishes both long-term memory (LTM) and neural defects observed in senescent subjects and subjects exposed to experimental oxidative stress. Using a combination of behavioral assessments and electrophysiological techniques, we provide evidence for a close link between lipid peroxidation, provocation of phospholipase A(2)-dependent free fatty acid release, decline of neuronal excitability, and age-related long-term memory impairments. This supports the view that these processes suspend rather than irreversibly extinguish the aging nervous system's intrinsic capacity for plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Baragatti B, Coceani F. Arachidonic acid epoxygenase and 12(S)-lipoxygenase: evidence of their concerted involvement in ductus arteriosus constriction to oxygen. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:329-34. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen promotes closure of the ductus arteriosus at birth. We have previously presented a scheme for oxygen action with a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) hemoprotein and endothelin-1 (ET-1) being, respectively, sensor and effector, and a hypothetical monooxygenase product serving as a coupling link. We have also found in the vessel arachidonic acid (AA) 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-lipoxygenase) undergoing upregulation at birth. Here, we examined the feasibility of a sensor-to-effector messenger originating from AA monooxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase pathways. The epoxygenase inhibitor, N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-)hexanamide, suppressed the tonic contraction of ductus to oxygen. A similar effect was obtained with 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors baicalein and PD 146176. By contrast, none of the inhibitors modified the endothelin-1 contraction. Furthermore, an AA ω-hydroxylation product, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), reportedly responsible for oxygen contraction in the systemic microvasculature, had no such effect on the ductus. We conclude that AA epoxygenase and 12-lipoxygenase jointly produce a hitherto uncharacterized compound acting as oxygen messenger in the ductus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baragatti
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna e Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Coceani
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna e Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Okada Y, Imendra KG, Miyazaki T, Hotokezaka H, Fujiyama R, Toda K. High extracellular Ca2+ stimulates Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in frog parathyroid cells through the mediation of arachidonic acid cascade. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19158. [PMID: 21559478 PMCID: PMC3084778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of extracellular Ca(2+) concentration induces intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in parathyroid cells. The response is due to stimulation of the phospholipase C/Ca(2+) pathways, but the direct mechanism responsible for the rise of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration has remained elusive. Here, we describe the electrophysiological property associated with intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in frog parathyroid cells and show that Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels are activated by intracellular Ca(2+) increase through an inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate (IP(3))-independent pathway. High extracellular Ca(2+) induced an outwardly-rectifying conductance in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) ∼6 mM). The conductance was composed of an instantaneous time-independent component and a slowly activating time-dependent component and displayed a deactivating inward tail current. Extracellular Ca(2+)-induced and Ca(2+) dialysis-induced currents reversed at the equilibrium potential of Cl(-) and were inhibited by niflumic acid (a specific blocker of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel). Gramicidin-perforated whole-cell recording displayed the shift of the reversal potential in extracellular Ca(2+)-induced current, suggesting the change of intracellular Cl(-) concentration in a few minutes. Extracellular Ca(2+)-induced currents displayed a moderate dependency on guanosine triphosphate (GTP). All blockers for phospholipase C, diacylglycerol (DAG) lipase, monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase and lipoxygenase inhibited extracellular Ca(2+)-induced current. IP(3) dialysis failed to induce conductance increase, but 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid and 12S-hydroperoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HPETE) dialysis increased the conductance identical to extracellular Ca(2+)-induced conductance. These results indicate that high extracellular Ca(2+) raises intracellular Ca(2+) concentration through the DAG lipase/lipoxygenase pathway, resulting in the activation of Cl(-) conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Okada
- Integrative Sensory Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Kochlamazashvili G, Henneberger C, Bukalo O, Dvoretskova E, Senkov O, Lievens PMJ, Westenbroek R, Engel AK, Catterall WA, Rusakov DA, Schachner M, Dityatev A. The extracellular matrix molecule hyaluronic acid regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity by modulating postsynaptic L-type Ca(2+) channels. Neuron 2010; 67:116-28. [PMID: 20624596 PMCID: PMC3378029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the extracellular matrix plays an important role in regulating use-dependent synaptic plasticity, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we examined the synaptic function of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix. Enzymatic removal of HA with hyaluronidase reduced nifedipine-sensitive whole-cell Ca(2+) currents, decreased Ca(2+) transients mediated by L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (L-VDCCs) in postsynaptic dendritic shafts and spines, and abolished an L-VDCC-dependent component of long-term potentiation (LTP) at the CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. Adding exogenous HA, either by bath perfusion or via local delivery near recorded synapses, completely rescued this LTP component. In a heterologous expression system, exogenous HA rapidly increased currents mediated by Ca(v)1.2, but not Ca(v)1.3, subunit-containing L-VDCCs, whereas intrahippocampal injection of hyaluronidase impaired contextual fear conditioning. Our observations unveil a previously unrecognized mechanism by which the perisynaptic extracellular matrix influences use-dependent synaptic plasticity through regulation of dendritic Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaga Kochlamazashvili
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 85, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Christian Henneberger
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Olena Bukalo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 85, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Elena Dvoretskova
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Oleg Senkov
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Patricia M.-J. Lievens
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ruth Westenbroek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, F427 HSB, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - William A. Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, F427 HSB, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dmitri A. Rusakov
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 85, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 85, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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