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Cai L, Argunşah AÖ, Damilou A, Karayannis T. A nasal chemosensation-dependent critical window for somatosensory development. Science 2024; 384:652-660. [PMID: 38723089 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nasal chemosensation is considered the evolutionarily oldest mammalian sense and, together with somatosensation, is crucial for neonatal well-being before auditory and visual pathways start engaging the brain. Using anatomical and functional approaches in mice, we reveal that odor-driven activity propagates to a large part of the cortex during the first postnatal week and enhances whisker-evoked activation of primary whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1). This effect disappears in adult animals, in line with the loss of excitatory connectivity from olfactory cortex to wS1. By performing neonatal odor deprivation, followed by electrophysiological and behavioral work in adult animals, we identify a key transient regulation of nasal chemosensory information necessary for the development of wS1 sensory-driven dynamics and somatosensation. Our work uncovers a cross-modal critical window for nasal chemosensation-dependent somatosensory functional maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbi Cai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Özgür Argunşah
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Damilou
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Stachniak TJ, Argunsah AÖ, Yang JW, Cai L, Karayannis T. Presynaptic Kainate Receptors onto Somatostatin Interneurons Are Recruited by Activity throughout Development and Contribute to Cortical Sensory Adaptation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7101-7118. [PMID: 37709538 PMCID: PMC10601374 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1461-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) interneurons produce delayed inhibition because of the short-term facilitation of their excitatory inputs created by the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) and presynaptic GluK2-containing kainate receptors (GluK2-KARs). Using mice of both sexes, we find that as synaptic facilitation at layer (L)2/3 SST cell inputs increases during the first few postnatal weeks, so does GluK2-KAR expression. Removal of sensory input by whisker trimming does not affect mGluR7 but prevents the emergence of presynaptic GluK2-KARs, which can be restored by allowing whisker regrowth or by acute calmodulin activation. Conversely, late trimming or acute inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is sufficient to reduce GluK2-KAR activity. This developmental and activity-dependent regulation also produces a specific reduction of L4 GluK2-KARs that advances in parallel with the maturation of sensory processing in L2/3. Finally, we find that removal of both GluK2-KARs and mGluR7 from the synapse eliminates short-term facilitation and reduces sensory adaptation to repetitive stimuli, first in L4 of somatosensory cortex, then later in development in L2/3. The dynamic regulation of presynaptic GluK2-KARs potentially allows for flexible scaling of late inhibition and sensory adaptation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excitatory synapses onto somatostatin (SST) interneurons express presynaptic, calcium-permeable kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit (GluK2-KARs), activated by high-frequency activity. In this study we find that their presence on L2/3 SST synapses in the barrel cortex is not based on a hardwired genetic program but instead is regulated by sensory activity, in contrast to that of mGluR7. Thus, in addition to standard synaptic potentiation and depression mechanisms, excitatory synapses onto SST neurons undergo an activity-dependent presynaptic modulation that uses GluK2-KARs. Further, we present evidence that loss of the frequency-dependent synaptic components (both GluK2-KARs and mGluR7 via Elfn1 deletion) contributes to a decrease in the sensory adaptation commonly seen on repetitive stimulus presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevye J Stachniak
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Ö Argunsah
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linbi Cai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gellért L, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Axonal connections between S1 barrel, M1, and S2 cortex in the newborn mouse. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1105998. [PMID: 36760662 PMCID: PMC9905141 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of functionally interconnected networks between primary (S1), secondary somatosensory (S2), and motor (M1) cortical areas requires coherent neuronal activity via corticocortical projections. However, the anatomical substrate of functional connections between S1 and M1 or S2 during early development remains elusive. In the present study, we used ex vivo carbocyanine dye (DiI) tracing in paraformaldehyde-fixed newborn mouse brain to investigate axonal projections of neurons in different layers of S1 barrel field (S1Bf), M1, and S2 toward the subplate (SP), a hub layer for sensory information transfer in the immature cortex. In addition, we performed extracellular recordings in neocortical slices to unravel the functional connectivity between these areas. Our experiments demonstrate that already at P0 neurons from the cortical plate (CP), layer 5/6 (L5/6), and the SP of both M1 and S2 send projections through the SP of S1Bf. Reciprocally, neurons from CP to SP of S1Bf send projections through the SP of M1 and S2. Electrophysiological recordings with multi-electrode arrays in cortical slices revealed weak, but functional synaptic connections between SP and L5/6 within and between S1 and M1. An even lower functional connectivity was observed between S1 and S2. In summary, our findings demonstrate that functional connections between SP and upper cortical layers are not confined to the same cortical area, but corticocortical connection between adjacent cortical areas exist already at the day of birth. Hereby, SP can integrate early cortical activity of M1, S1, and S2 and shape the development of sensorimotor integration at an early stage.
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Ahtola E, Leikos S, Tuiskula A, Haataja L, Smeds E, Piitulainen H, Jousmäki V, Tokariev A, Vanhatalo S. Cortical networks show characteristic recruitment patterns after somatosensory stimulation by pneumatically evoked repetitive hand movements in newborn infants. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4699-4713. [PMID: 36368888 PMCID: PMC10110426 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Controlled assessment of functional cortical networks is an unmet need in the clinical research of noncooperative subjects, such as infants. We developed an automated, pneumatic stimulation method to actuate naturalistic movements of an infant’s hand, as well as an analysis pipeline for assessing the elicited electroencephalography (EEG) responses and related cortical networks. Twenty newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia were recruited, including 7 with mild-to-moderate hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Statistically significant corticokinematic coherence (CKC) was observed between repetitive hand movements and EEG in all infants, peaking near the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. CKC was robust to common sources of recording artifacts and to changes in vigilance state. A wide recruitment of cortical networks was observed with directed phase transfer entropy, also including areas ipsilateral to the stimulation. The extent of such recruited cortical networks was quantified using a novel metric, Spreading Index, which showed a decrease in 4 (57%) of the infants with HIE. CKC measurement is noninvasive and easy to perform, even in noncooperative subjects. The stimulation and analysis pipeline can be fully automated, including the statistical evaluation of the cortical responses. Therefore, the CKC paradigm holds great promise as a scientific and clinical tool for controlled assessment of functional cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Ahtola
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital and HUS Diagnostics, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
- Aalto University School of Science Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, , Espoo, 00076 AALTO , Finland
| | - Susanna Leikos
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital and HUS Diagnostics, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
| | - Anna Tuiskula
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital and HUS Diagnostics, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
| | - Leena Haataja
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
| | - Eero Smeds
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Aalto University School of Science Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, , Espoo, 00076 AALTO , Finland
- University of Jyväskylä Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, , Jyväskylä, 40014 , Finland
| | - Veikko Jousmäki
- Aalto University Aalto NeuroImaging, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, , Espoo, 00076 AALTO , Finland
| | - Anton Tokariev
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital and HUS Diagnostics, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
| | - Sampsa Vanhatalo
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital and HUS Diagnostics, , Helsinki, 00029 HUS , Finland
- University of Helsinki Department of Physiology, , Helsinki, 00014 , Finland
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