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Shi Y, Jin Y, Li X, Chen C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Deng Y, Fan X, Wang C. C5aR1 Mediates the Progression of Inflammatory Responses in the Brain of Rats in the Early Stage after Ischemia and Reperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3994-4006. [PMID: 34637270 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) can induce a strong inflammatory response to an injury. Targeting C5aR1 has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic method. However, the role of C5aR1 in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and the definitive mechanism have not been elucidated clearly. Here, we determined whether C5aR1 signaling was essential to the post-ischemic inflammation and brain injury and whether it is a valid target for therapeutic blockade by using soluble receptor antagonist PMX53 in the early stage after I/R injury. In an in vitro model (oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion, OGD/R) and in vivo model (middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, MCAO/R) of I/R, the neuronal cells of rats showed significantly up-regulated gene expression of C5aR1, and a notable inflammatory response was demonstrated with elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Inhibition of C5aR1 by PMX53 treatment significantly reduced cell injury and inflammation and promoted brain function recovery. Further mechanism studies showed that inhibiting C5aR1 by PMX53 protected the rats from MCAO/R injury, decreased cell inflammation, and apoptosis via inhibiting the TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in MCAO/R rats. In addition, manipulation of the C5aR1 gene expression in vitro displayed that the inflammatory cascade signals including TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were coincidently regulated with the regulation of C5aR1 expression levels. Thus, our results demonstrated a pathogenic role for C5aR1 in the progression of brain injury and inflammation response following I/R injury. Our study clearly demonstrated that C5aR1 inhibition might be an effective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of ICU, No. 1 People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Department of ICU, No. 1 People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingjuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Brennan FH, Lee JD, Ruitenberg MJ, Woodruff TM. Therapeutic targeting of complement to modify disease course and improve outcomes in neurological conditions. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:292-308. [PMID: 27049459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recognition that complement proteins are abundantly present and can have pathological roles in neurological conditions offers broad scope for therapeutic intervention. Accordingly, an increasing number of experimental investigations have explored the potential of harnessing the unique activation pathways, proteases, receptors, complexes, and natural inhibitors of complement, to mitigate pathology in acute neurotrauma and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review mechanisms of complement activation in the central nervous system (CNS), and explore the effects of complement inhibition in cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We consider the challenges and opportunities arising from these studies. As complement therapies approach clinical translation, we provide perspectives on how promising complement-targeted therapeutics could become part of novel and effective future treatment options to improve outcomes in the initiation and progression stages of these debilitating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith H Brennan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Trauma, Critical Care and Recovery, Brisbane Diamantina Health Partners, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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