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Cristofori I, Cohen-Zimerman S, Krueger F, Jabbarinejad R, Delikishkina E, Gordon B, Beuriat PA, Grafman J. Studying the social mind: An updated summary of findings from the Vietnam Head Injury Study. Cortex 2024; 174:164-188. [PMID: 38552358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lesion mapping studies allow us to evaluate the potential causal contribution of specific brain areas to human cognition and complement other cognitive neuroscience methods, as several authors have recently pointed out. Here, we present an updated summary of the findings from the Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS) focusing on the studies conducted over the last decade, that examined the social mind and its intricate neural and cognitive underpinnings. The VHIS is a prospective, long-term follow-up study of Vietnam veterans with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) and healthy controls (HC). The scope of the work is to present the studies from the latest phases (3 and 4) of the VHIS, 70 studies since 2011, when the Raymont et al. paper was published (Raymont et al., 2011). These studies have contributed to our understanding of human social cognition, including political and religious beliefs, theory of mind, but also executive functions, intelligence, and personality. This work finally discusses the usefulness of lesion mapping as an approach to understanding the functions of the human brain from basic science and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cristofori
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France; University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Shira Cohen-Zimerman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Roxana Jabbarinejad
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Delikishkina
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Barry Gordon
- Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.
| | - Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences Marc Jeannerod CNRS, UMR 5229, Bron, France; University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France.
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lyu 吕奕洲 Y, Su 苏紫杉 Z, Neumann D, Meidenbauer KL, Leong 梁元彰 YC. Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1252232024. [PMID: 38316561 PMCID: PMC10904091 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1252-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hostile attribution bias refers to the tendency to interpret social situations as intentionally hostile. While previous research has focused on its developmental origins and behavioral consequences, the underlying neural mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the neural correlates of hostile attribution bias. While undergoing fNIRS, male and female participants listened to and provided attribution ratings for 21 hypothetical scenarios where a character's actions resulted in a negative outcome for the listener. Ratings of hostile intentions were averaged to measure hostile attribution bias. Using intersubject representational similarity analysis, we found that participants with similar levels of hostile attribution bias exhibited higher levels of neural synchrony during narrative listening, suggesting shared interpretations of the scenarios. This effect was localized to the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and was particularly prominent in scenarios where the character's intentions were highly ambiguous. We then grouped participants into high and low bias groups based on a median split of their hostile attribution bias scores. A similarity-based classifier trained on the neural data classified participants as having high or low bias with 75% accuracy, indicating that the neural time courses during narrative listening was systematically different between the two groups. Furthermore, hostile attribution bias correlated negatively with attributional complexity, a measure of one's tendency to consider multifaceted causes when explaining behavior. Our study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying hostile attribution bias and highlights the potential of using fNIRS to develop nonintrusive and cost-effective neural markers of this sociocognitive bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Lyu 吕奕洲
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
| | - Zishan Su 苏紫杉
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
| | - Dawn Neumann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, Indiana
| | | | - Yuan Chang Leong 梁元彰
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
- Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, Illinois
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3
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Mendez MF. The Implications of Moral Neuroscience for Brain Disease: Review and Update. Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:133-144. [PMID: 37326483 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The last 2 decades have seen an explosion of neuroscience research on morality, with significant implications for brain disease. Many studies have proposed a neuromorality based on intuitive sentiments or emotions aimed at maintaining collaborative social groups. These moral emotions are normative, deontological, and action based, with a rapid evaluation of intentionality. The neuromoral circuitry interacts with the basic mechanisms of socioemotional cognition, including social perception, behavioral control, theory of mind, and social emotions such as empathy. Moral transgressions may result from primary disorders of moral intuitions, or they may be secondary moral impairments from disturbances in these other socioemotional cognitive mechanisms. The proposed neuromoral system for moral intuitions has its major hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and engages other frontal regions as well as the anterior insulae, anterior temporal lobe structures, and right temporoparietal junction and adjacent posterior superior temporal sulcus. Brain diseases that affect these regions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, may result in primary disturbances of moral behavior, including criminal behavior. Individuals with focal brain tumors and other lesions in the right temporal and medial frontal regions have committed moral violations. These transgressions can have social and legal consequences for the individuals and require increased awareness of neuromoral disturbances among such individuals with brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Departments of Neurology
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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Maresca G, Lo Buono V, Anselmo A, Cardile D, Formica C, Latella D, Quartarone A, Corallo F. Traumatic Brain Injury and Related Antisocial Behavioral Outcomes: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1377. [PMID: 37629667 PMCID: PMC10456231 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior have been found in the period following head trauma. These changes are attributable to specific brain alterations that generally involved frontal lobe, insula and limbic system. A descriptive review was conducted on the specificity of aggressive behavior in relation to traumatic brain injury by evaluating numerous variables, focusing on age at the time of trauma and neuroimaging studies. Materials and Methods: We searched on PubMed and the Web of Science databases to screen references of included studies and review articles for additional citations. From an initial 738 publications, only 27 met the search criteria of describing the relationship between aggression, brain alterations and traumatic brain injury. Results: These findings showed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to changes in behavior, personality and mood. Conclusions: The development of aggressive and criminal behavior is associated with multiple factors, including the etiology of injury, environmental, psychosocial and personality factors and age at the time of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Maresca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Viviana Lo Buono
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Davide Cardile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Caterina Formica
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Desiree Latella
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy (V.L.B.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (F.C.)
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Mendez MF. Culpability for offenses in frontotemporal dementia and other brain disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2023; 89:101909. [PMID: 37467544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The responsibility of persons with brain disorders who commit offenses may depend on how their disorders alter brain mechanisms for culpability. Criminal behavior can result from brain disorders that alter social cognition including a neuromoral system of intuitive moral emotions that are absolute (deontological) normative codes and that includes an emotion-mediated evaluation of intentionality. This neuromoral system has its hub in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) with other frontal, anterior temporal-amygdalar, insular, and right temporoparietal connections. Among brain disorders, investigators report offenses in persons with brain tumors, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury, but it is those with a form of dementia with VMPFC pathology, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), who are most prone to criminal behavior. This review presents four new patients with bvFTD who were interviewed after committing offenses. These patients knew the nature of their acts and the wrongness of the type of action but lacked substantial capacity to experience the criminality of their conduct at the intuitive, deontological, moral emotional level. Disease in VMPFC and its amygdalar connections may impair moral emotions in these patients. These findings recommend evaluation for the experience of moral emotions and VMPFC-amygdala dysfunction among persons with antisocial behavior, with or without brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, Los Angeles, CA, United States; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Abdolalizadeh A, Moradi K, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Mirfazeli FS, Rajimehr R. Larger left hippocampal presubiculum is associated with lower risk of antisocial behavior in healthy adults with childhood conduct history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6148. [PMID: 37061611 PMCID: PMC10105780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conduct Disorder (CD) is defined as aggressive, antisocial, and rule-breaking behavior during childhood. It is a major risk factor for developing antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in adulthood. However, nearly half the CDs do not develop ASPD. Identification of reversion factors seems crucial for proper interventions. We identified 40 subjects with childhood history of CD (CC) and 1166 control subjects (HC) from Human Connectome Project. Their psychiatric, emotional, impulsivity, and personality traits were extracted. An emotion recognition task-fMRI analysis was done. We also did subregion analysis of hippocampus and amygdala in 35 CC and 69 demographically matched HCs. CC subjects scored significantly higher in antisocial-related evaluations. No differences in task-fMRI activation of amygdala and hippocampus were observed. CCs had larger subfields of the left hippocampus: presubiculum, CA3, CA4, and dentate gyrus. Further, an interaction model revealed a significant presubiculum volume × group association with antisocial, aggression, and agreeableness scores. Our study shows that healthy young adults with a prior history of CD still exhibit some forms of antisocial-like behavior with larger left hippocampal subfields, including presubiculum that also explains the variability in antisocial behavior. These larger left hippocampal subfield volumes may play a protective role against CD to ASPD conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirHussein Abdolalizadeh
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Rajimehr
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Fritz M, Soravia SM, Dudeck M, Malli L, Fakhoury M. Neurobiology of Aggression-Review of Recent Findings and Relationship with Alcohol and Trauma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030469. [PMID: 36979161 PMCID: PMC10044835 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aggression can be conceptualized as any behavior, physical or verbal, that involves attacking another person or animal with the intent of causing harm, pain or injury. Because of its high prevalence worldwide, aggression has remained a central clinical and public safety issue. Aggression can be caused by several risk factors, including biological and psychological, such as genetics and mental health disorders, and socioeconomic such as education, employment, financial status, and neighborhood. Research over the past few decades has also proposed a link between alcohol consumption and aggressive behaviors. Alcohol consumption can escalate aggressive behavior in humans, often leading to domestic violence or serious crimes. Converging lines of evidence have also shown that trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could have a tremendous impact on behavior associated with both alcohol use problems and violence. However, although the link between trauma, alcohol, and aggression is well documented, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and their impact on behavior have not been properly discussed. This article provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the translational neurobiological basis of aggression and its intricate links to alcoholism and trauma, focusing on behavior. It does so by shedding light from several perspectives, including in vivo imaging, genes, receptors, and neurotransmitters and their influence on human and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fritz
- School of Health and Social Sciences, AKAD University of Applied Sciences, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, BKH Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah-Maria Soravia
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, BKH Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Dudeck
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, BKH Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Layal Malli
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
| | - Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
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Richard Y, Tazi N, Frydecka D, Hamid MS, Moustafa AA. A systematic review of neural, cognitive, and clinical studies of anger and aggression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35693838 PMCID: PMC9174026 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Tazi
- Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Universite Med 5th, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
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Behavioral and Emotional Dyscontrol Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Correlates. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:579-598. [PMID: 35618223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date. OBJECTIVE To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings related to behavioral and emotional dyscontrol due to TBI. METHODS A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases prior to May 2019. The database query yielded 4392 unique articles. These articles were narrowed based on specific inclusion criteria (e.g., clear TBI definition, statistical analysis of the relationship between neuroimaging and dyscontrol). RESULTS A final cohort of 24 articles resulted, comprising findings from 1552 patients with TBI. Studies included civilian (n = 12), military (n = 10), and sport (n = 2) samples with significant variation in the severity of TBI incorporated. Global and region-based structural imaging was more frequently used to study dyscontrol than functional imaging or diffusion tensor imaging. The prefrontal cortex was the most common neuroanatomical region associated with behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, followed by other frontal and temporal lobe findings. CONCLUSIONS Frontal and temporal lesions are most strongly implicated in the development of postinjury dyscontrol symptoms although they are also the most frequently investigated regions of the brain for these symptom categories. Future studies can make valuable contributions to the field by (1) emphasizing consistent definitions of behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, (2) assessing premorbid dyscontrol symptoms in subjects, (3) utilizing functional or structural connectivity-based imaging techniques, or (4) restricting analyses to more focused brain regions.
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Göttlich M, Buades-Rotger M, Wiechert J, Beyer F, Krämer UM. Structural covariance of amygdala subregions is associated with trait aggression and endogenous testosterone in healthy individuals. Neuropsychologia 2021; 165:108113. [PMID: 34896406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies point toward volume reductions in the amygdala as a potential neurostructural marker for trait aggression. However, most of these findings stem from clinical samples, rendering unclear whether the findings generalize to non-clinical populations. Furthermore, the notion of neural networks suggests that interregional correlations in gray matter volume (i.e., structural covariance) can explain individual differences in aggressive behavior beyond local univariate associations. Here, we tested whether structural covariance between amygdala subregions and the rest of the brain is associated with self-reported aggression in a large sample of healthy young students (n = 263; 49% women). Salivary testosterone concentrations were measured for a subset of n = 40 male and n = 36 female subjects, allowing us to investigate the influence of endogenous testosterone on structural covariance. Aggressive individuals showed enhanced covariance between left superficial amygdala (SFA) and left dorsal anterior insula (dAI), but lower covariance between right laterobasal amygdala (LBA) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). These structural patterns overlap with functional networks involved in the genesis and regulation of aggressive behavior, respectively. With increasing endogenous testosterone, we observed stronger structural covariance between right centromedial amygdala (CMA) and right medial prefrontal cortex in men and between left CMA and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex in women. These results speak for structural covariance of amygdala subregions as a robust correlate of trait aggression in healthy individuals. Moreover, regions that showed structural covariance with the amygdala modulated by either testosterone or aggression did not overlap, suggesting a complex role of testosterone in human social behavior beyond facilitating aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Göttlich
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Macià Buades-Rotger
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Wiechert
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frederike Beyer
- Psychology Department, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Timmer ML, Jacobs B, Schonherr MC, Spikman JM, van der Naalt J. The Spectrum of Long-Term Behavioral Disturbances and Provided Care After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32318019 PMCID: PMC7154103 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Behavioral disturbances are found in 50–60% of traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors with an enormous impact on daily functioning and level of recovery. However, whether typical profiles can be distinguished and how these relate to provided care is unclear. The purpose of this study is to specify the characteristics of behavioral disturbances in patients with various severity of TBI and the impact on functional outcome. Furthermore, the pathways of care after hospital discharge for patients and their care givers are analyzed. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 226 patients with mild TBI (mTBI; n = 107) and moderate-to-severe TBI (mod/sevTBI; n = 119) treated at the outpatient clinic and/or rehabilitation center of our university hospital between 2010 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were: behavioral disturbances as determined with the Differential Outcome Scale and age ≥16 years. Functional outcome was determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended and return to work (RTW) at six months to one year post-injury. Behavioral impairments and pathway of care were derived from medical files and scored according to predefined criteria. Results: Overall 24% of patients showed serious behavioral disturbances; three times higher in mod/sevTBI (35%) compared to mTBI (13%). mTBI patients mostly showed irritation (82%) and anger (49%), while mod/sevTBI patients mostly showed irritation (65%) and disinhibition (55%). Most (92%) patients returned home, half of the patients did not RTW. Deficits in judgment and decision-making increased risk of no RTW 10-fold. One in ten patients was (temporarily) admitted to a nursing home or psychiatric institution. 13% Of caregivers received support for dealing with impairments of patients and 13% of the mTBI and 17% of the mod/sevTBI patients experienced relational problems. Conclusions: The spectrum of behavioral disturbances differs between TBI severity categories and serious behavioral disturbances are present in a quarter of patients. Only half of the patients resumed work regardless of severity of injury suggesting that particularly the presence and not the severity of long-term behavioral disturbances interferes with RTW. Most patients returned home despite these behavioral disturbances. These findings underline the importance of early identification and appropriate treatment of behavioral disturbances in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies L Timmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bram Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen C Schonherr
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacoba M Spikman
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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12
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Zhu X, Wang K, Cao A, Zhang Y, Qiu J. Personality traits and negative affect mediate the relationship between cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex and aggressive behavior. Neurosci Lett 2019; 718:134728. [PMID: 31899310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggression reflects the psychological and physical behavior that perpetrator intends to harm victim. Initiation of aggression is influenced by the distal factors (e.g. personality) and proximate causes (e.g. affect) of perpetrator. However, few studies explored the brain structural basis of relationship between these traits and aggressive behavior. In this study, we first explored the association between cortical thickness and aggression in a large young adult sample from the Human Connectome Project. Results found aggressive behavior assessed by the Adult Self-Report was positively correlated with cortical thickness in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which was implicated in emotion regulation and executive function. Then, mediation analyses with distal and proximate factors separately showcased that the association between the left SFG thickness and aggressive behavior was partially mediated by negative affect (anger and sadness), and fully mediated by personality traits (agreeableness and neuroticism). Taken together, these experimental findings established dorsal prefrontal cortex as the key region in generating aggressive behavior, and gave a neutral explanation for why individuals with high negative affect and neuroticism exhibit more aggression. This study implicated the possible targeted brain region and behavioral intervention for such at-risk individuals initiating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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13
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Yu LQ, Kan IP, Kable JW. Beyond a rod through the skull: A systematic review of lesion studies of the human ventromedial frontal lobe. Cogn Neuropsychol 2019; 37:97-141. [PMID: 31739752 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1690981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies from the past century have associated damage to the ventromedial frontal lobes (VMF) with impairments in a variety of domains, including memory, executive function, emotion, social cognition, and valuation. A central question in the literature is whether these seemingly distinct functions are subserved by different sub-regions within the VMF, or whether VMF supports a broader cognitive process that is crucial to these varied domains. In this comprehensive review of the neuropsychological literature from the last two decades, we present a qualitative synthesis of 184 papers that have examined the psychological impairments that result from VMF damage. We discuss these findings in the context of several theoretical frameworks and advocate for the view that VMF is critical for the formation and representation of schema and cognitive maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Q Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Irene P Kan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Manchia M, Comai S, Pinna M, Pinna F, Fanos V, Denovan-Wright E, Carpiniello B. Biomarkers in aggression. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 93:169-237. [PMID: 31655730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior exerts an enormous impact on society remaining among the main causes of worldwide premature death. Effective primary interventions, relying on predictive models of aggression that show adequate sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. One strategy to increase the accuracy and precision of prediction would be to include biological data in the predictive models. Clearly, to be included in such models, biological markers should be reliably associated with the specific trait under study (i.e., diagnostic biomarkers). Aggression, however, is phenotypically highly heterogeneous, an element that has hindered the identification of reliable biomarkers. However, current research is trying to overcome these challenges by focusing on more homogenous aggression subtypes and/or by studying large sample size of aggressive individuals. Further advance is coming by bioinformatics approaches that are allowing the integration of inter-species biological data as well as the development of predictive algorithms able to discriminate subjects on the basis of the propensity toward aggressive behavior. In this review we first present a brief summary of the available evidence on neuroimaging of aggression. We will then treat extensively the data on genetic determinants, including those from hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies. Transcriptomic and neurochemical biomarkers will then be reviewed, and we will dedicate a section on the role of metabolomics in aggression. Finally, we will discuss how biomarkers can inform the development of new pharmacological tools as well as increase the efficacy of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Stefano Comai
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute University, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Martina Pinna
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Sardinia Health Agency, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Quan F, Zhu W, Dong Y, Qiu J, Gong X, Xiao M, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Xia LX. Brain structure links trait hostile attribution bias and attitudes toward violence. Neuropsychologia 2019; 125:42-50. [PMID: 30703379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of research regarding hostile attribution bias focuses on its effect on aggression. However, little is known about the brain structure associated with trait hostile attribution bias and the mediating mechanism underlying this link. The current study uses voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify the brain regions related to individual differences in trait hostile attribution bias, measured by a Word Sentence Association Paradigm - Hostility in a sample of 176 undergraduate students. Subsequently, two mediation models with regard to brain structure, trait hostile attribution bias, and attitudes toward violence (measured by the Attitudes toward Violence Scale) were analyzed. The results reveal that trait hostile attribution bias is positively correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and negatively associated with the left lingual gyrus (LG). Furthermore, attitudes toward violence acted as a mediator underlying the association between the left OFC volume and trait hostile attribution bias. Such bias also mediated the relationship between the left OFC and attitudes toward violence. We argue that attitudes toward violence and trait hostile attribution bias seem to predict each other, and the GMV in the left OFC may involve the underlying cognitive mechanism of the bidirectional relationship between the two variables. These results and ideas may shed light on the current understanding of the relationships of the brain's anatomical features, attitudes toward violence, and trait hostile attribution bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Quan
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Wenfeng Zhu
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, China; Laboratory Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China.
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), China; Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, China; Laboratory Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
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16
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Kois LE, Blakey SM, Gardner BO, McNally MR, Johnson JL, Hamer RM, Elbogen EB. Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported impulsivity and informant-reported maladaptive behaviour among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury history. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1484-1491. [PMID: 30036112 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1497205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frontal lobe deficits resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to impulsive behaviour. We sought to examine whether neuropsychological performance predicted self-reported impulsivity and informant-reported maladaptive behaviour. METHOD We administered the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) to 116 Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans diagnosed with a history of TBI and PTSD. RESULTS Poorer performance on D-KEFS Stroop Task (both colour and word, separately) and Trail making (letter sequencing and motor speed) tasks and higher PTSD symptom severity were associated with higher self-reported impulsivity. Trail making letter sequencing performance was negatively associated with informant-reported maladaptive behaviour. Regression analyses revealed PTSD symptom severity and Trail making letter sequencing best predicted self-reported impulsivity, even when accounting for age, sex, and education. Only Trail making letter sequencing predicted informant-reported maladaptive behaviour when accounting for other variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Attention and processing speed impairments and PTSD symptom severity appear to be important predictors of impulsivity and problematic behaviour among veterans. Findings have implications for theoretical models of aggression and violence and inform the assessment and treatment of individuals with TBI and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kois
- a Department of Psychology, John Jay College , City University of New York , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shannon M Blakey
- b Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Brett O Gardner
- c Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Matthew R McNally
- d Department of Psychology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jacqueline L Johnson
- e Department of Psychiatry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert M Hamer
- e Department of Psychiatry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Eric B Elbogen
- f Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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17
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Jollant F, Wagner G, Richard-Devantoy S, Köhler S, Bär KJ, Turecki G, Pereira F. Neuroimaging-informed phenotypes of suicidal behavior: a family history of suicide and the use of a violent suicidal means. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:120. [PMID: 29921964 PMCID: PMC6008434 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of brain markers of suicidal risk is highly expected. However, neuroimaging studies have yielded mixed results, possibly due to phenotypic heterogeneity. In the present study, we addressed this issue using structural brain imaging. First, two independent samples of suicide attempters (n = 17 in Montreal, 32 in Jena), patient controls (n = 26/34), and healthy controls (n = 66/34) were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were compared with FSL. We then reviewed the literature and run a GingerALE meta-analysis of 12 structural imaging studies comparing suicide attempters and patient controls with whole-brain analyses (n = 693). Finally, we explored the potential contribution of two variables previously associated with biological/cognitive deficits: a family history of suicide (FHoS), and the use of a violent suicidal means (VSM). Here, we added two groups of healthy first-degree biological relatives of suicide victims and depressed patients (n = 32). When comparing all suicide attempters and controls, very limited between-group differences were found in the two samples, and none in the meta-analysis. In contrast, a FHoS was associated with reduced volumes in bilateral temporal regions, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left putamen, several of these differences being observed across groups. VSM was associated with increased bilateral caudate (and left putamen) volumes. Some morphometric variations in cortico-subcortical networks may therefore be endophenotypes increasing the suicidal vulnerability, while others (notably in striatum) may modulate action selection. These results therefore confirm at the neural level two phenotypes at high lethal risk with a strong biological background, and uncover motives of heterogeneous findings in neuroimaging studies of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jollant
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies (MGSS), McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
- Paris Descartes University & Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stéphane Richard-Devantoy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies (MGSS), McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies (MGSS), McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Fabricio Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Nîmes & Research Team EA2415, Nîmes, France
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18
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Social Cognition Dysfunctions in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Neuroanatomical Correlates and Clinical Implications. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:1849794. [PMID: 29854017 PMCID: PMC5944290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1849794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive function, involved in the perception, processing, and interpretation of social information, has been shown to be crucial for successful communication and interpersonal relationships, thereby significantly impacting mental health, well-being, and quality of life. In this regard, assessment of social cognition, mainly focusing on four key domains, such as theory of mind (ToM), emotional empathy, and social perception and behavior, has been increasingly evaluated in clinical settings, given the potential implications of impairments of these skills for therapeutic decision-making. With regard to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), most disorders, characterized by variable disease phenotypes and progression, although similar for the unfavorable prognosis, are associated to impairments of social cognitive function, with consequent negative effects on patients' management. Specifically, in some NDs these deficits may represent core diagnostic criteria, such as for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), or may emerge during the disease course as critical aspects, such as for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. On this background, we aimed to revise the most updated evidence on the neurobiological hypotheses derived from network-based approaches, clinical manifestations, and assessment tools of social cognitive dysfunctions in NDs, also prospecting potential benefits on patients' well-being, quality of life, and outcome derived from potential therapeutic perspectives of these deficits.
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Pinna M, Manchia M. Preventing aggressive/violent behavior: a role for biomarkers? Biomark Med 2017; 11:701-704. [PMID: 30669857 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pinna
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services, Regional Health Agency, Oristano, Italy.,Section of Neurosciences & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences & Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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