1
|
Wu LY, Song YJ, Zhang CL, Liu J. K V Channel-Interacting Proteins in the Neurological and Cardiovascular Systems: An Updated Review. Cells 2023; 12:1894. [PMID: 37508558 PMCID: PMC10377897 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
KV channel-interacting proteins (KChIP1-4) belong to a family of Ca2+-binding EF-hand proteins that are able to bind to the N-terminus of the KV4 channel α-subunits. KChIPs are predominantly expressed in the brain and heart, where they contribute to the maintenance of the excitability of neurons and cardiomyocytes by modulating the fast inactivating-KV4 currents. As the auxiliary subunit, KChIPs are critically involved in regulating the surface protein expression and gating properties of KV4 channels. Mechanistically, KChIP1, KChIP2, and KChIP3 promote the translocation of KV4 channels to the cell membrane, accelerate voltage-dependent activation, and slow the recovery rate of inactivation, which increases KV4 currents. By contrast, KChIP4 suppresses KV4 trafficking and eliminates the fast inactivation of KV4 currents. In the heart, IKs, ICa,L, and INa can also be regulated by KChIPs. ICa,L and INa are positively regulated by KChIP2, whereas IKs is negatively regulated by KChIP2. Interestingly, KChIP3 is also known as downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) because it can bind directly to the downstream regulatory element (DRE) on the promoters of target genes that are implicated in the regulation of pain, memory, endocrine, immune, and inflammatory reactions. In addition, all the KChIPs can act as transcription factors to repress the expression of genes involved in circadian regulation. Altered expression of KChIPs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological and cardiovascular diseases. For example, KChIP2 is decreased in failing hearts, while loss of KChIP2 leads to increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. KChIP3 is increased in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but decreased in epilepsy and Huntington's disease. In the present review, we summarize the progress of recent studies regarding the structural properties, physiological functions, and pathological roles of KChIPs in both health and disease. We also summarize the small-molecule compounds that regulate the function of KChIPs. This review will provide an overview and update of the regulatory mechanism of the KChIP family and the progress of targeted drug research as a reference for researchers in related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yi Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu-Juan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molinaro P, Sanguigno L, Casamassa A, Valsecchi V, Sirabella R, Pignataro G, Annunziato L, Formisano L. Emerging Role of DREAM in Healthy Brain and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119177. [PMID: 37298129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a multifunctional Ca2+-sensitive protein exerting a dual mechanism of action to regulate several Ca2+-dependent processes. Upon sumoylation, DREAM enters in nucleus where it downregulates the expression of several genes provided with a consensus sequence named dream regulatory element (DRE). On the other hand, DREAM could also directly modulate the activity or the localization of several cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the knowledge of DREAM dysregulation and DREAM-dependent epigenetic remodeling as a central mechanism in the progression of several diseases affecting central nervous system, including stroke, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and neuropathic pain. Interestingly, DREAM seems to exert a common detrimental role in these diseases by inhibiting the transcription of several neuroprotective genes, including the sodium/calcium exchanger isoform 3 (NCX3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), pro-dynorphin, and c-fos. These findings lead to the concept that DREAM might represent a pharmacological target to ameliorate symptoms and reduce neurodegenerative processes in several pathological conditions affecting central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Sanguigno
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Identification and characterization of the promoter and transcription factors regulating the expression of cerebral sodium/calcium exchanger 2 (NCX2) gene. Cell Calcium 2022; 102:102542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Guida N, Mascolo L, Serani A, Cuomo O, Anzilotti S, Brancaccio P, Pignataro G, Molinaro P, Annunziato L, Formisano L. GATA3 (GATA-Binding Protein 3)/KMT2A (Lysine-Methyltransferase-2A) Complex by Increasing H3K4-3me (Trimethylated Lysine-4 of Histone-3) Upregulates NCX3 (Na +-Ca 2+ Exchanger 3) Transcription and Contributes to Ischemic Preconditioning Neuroprotection. Stroke 2021; 52:3680-3691. [PMID: 34694864 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose NCX3 (Na+-Ca2+ exchanger 3) plays a relevant role in stroke; indeed its pharmacological blockade or its genetic ablation exacerbates brain ischemic damage, whereas its upregulation takes part in the neuroprotection elicited by ischemic preconditioning. To identify an effective strategy to induce an overexpression of NCX3, we examined transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms potentially involved in NCX3 gene regulation. Methods Brain ischemia and ischemic preconditioning were induced in vitro by exposure of cortical neurons to oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation (OGD/Reoxy) and in vivo by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate transcripts and proteins of GATA3 (GATA-binding protein 3), KMT2A (lysine-methyltransferase-2A), and NCX3. GATA3 and KMT2A binding on NCX3 gene was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and Rechromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Results Among the putative transcription factors sharing a consensus sequence on the ncx3 brain promoter region, GATA3 was the only able to up-regulate ncx3. Interestingly, GATA3 physically interacted with KMT2A, and their overexpression or knocking-down increased or downregulated NCX3 mRNA and protein, respectively. Notably, site-direct mutagenesis of GATA site on ncx3 brain promoter region counteracted GATA3 and KMT2A binding on NCX3 gene. More importantly, we found that in the perischemic cortical regions of preconditioned rats GATA3 recruited KMT2A and the complex H3K4-3me (trimethylated lysine-4 of histone-3) on ncx3 brain promoter region, thus reducing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced damage. Consistently, in vivo silencing of either GATA3 or KMT2A prevented NCX3 upregulation and consequently the neuroprotective effect of preconditioning stimulus. The involvement of GATA3/KMT2A complex in neuroprotection elicited by ischemic preconditioning was further confirmed by in vitro experiments in which the knocking-down of GATA3 and KMT2A reverted the neuroprotection induced by NCX3 overexpression in cortical neurons exposed to anoxic preconditioning followed by oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation. Conclusions Collectively, our results revealed that GATA3/KMT2A complex epigenetically activates NCX3 gene transcription during ischemic preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| | - Angelo Serani
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| | | | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| | | | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy (L.M., O.C., P.B., G.P., P.M., L.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith CA, Paskhover B, Mammis A. Molecular mechanisms of trigeminal neuralgia: A systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 200:106397. [PMID: 33338828 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the available literature for primary research articles identifying potential gene mutations, polymorphisms and other molecular regulatory mechanisms related to trigeminal neuralgia in order to identify the genetic and molecular models of primary trigeminal neuralgia currently being investigated. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify primary research articles discussing genetic predictors of trigeminal neuralgia and neuropathic pain that were published prior to July 2020. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Out of the 333 articles originally identified, a total of 14 papers were selected for study inclusion. These articles included 5 human studies, 6 mouse studies and 3 rat studies. Four articles investigated sodium channels, 1 investigated a sodium channel and nerve growth factor receptor, 2 investigated potassium channels, 1 investigated calcium channels, 1 investigated the downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator protein, 1 investigated the dynorphin-kappa opioid receptor system, 1 investigated TRPA1, 1 investigated the Nrg1/ErbB3/ErbB2 signaling complex, 1 investigated a serotonin transporter and 1 investigated potassium channels, sodium channels, calcium channels, chloride channels, TRP channels and gap junctions. CONCLUSION Researchers have identified multiple genetic and molecular targets involved with potential pathophysiologies that have a relationship to the creation of trigeminal neuralgia. At this time, there does not seem to be clear causal frontrunner, demonstrating the possibility that genetic predisposition to trigeminal neuralgia may involve multiple genes and/or downstream products, such as ion channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Smith
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Neurological Surgery, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Boris Paskhover
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Antonios Mammis
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Formisano L, Laudati G, Guida N, Mascolo L, Serani A, Cuomo O, Cantile M, Boscia F, Molinaro P, Anzilotti S, Pizzorusso V, Di Renzo G, Pignataro G, Annunziato L. HDAC4 and HDAC5 form a complex with DREAM that epigenetically down-regulates NCX3 gene and its pharmacological inhibition reduces neuronal stroke damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2081-2097. [PMID: 31696766 PMCID: PMC7786841 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19884742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The histone deacetylases (HDACs)-dependent mechanisms regulating gene transcription of the Na+/Ca+ exchanger isoform 3 (ncx3) after stroke are still unknown. Overexpression or knocking-down of HDAC4/HDAC5 down-regulates or increases, respectively, NCX3 mRNA and protein. Likewise, MC1568 (class IIa HDACs inhibitor), but not MS-275 (class I HDACs inhibitor) increased NCX3 promoter activity, gene and protein expression. Furthermore, HDAC4 and HDAC5 physically interacted with the transcription factor downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM). As MC1568, DREAM knocking-down prevented HDAC4 and HDAC5 recruitment to the ncx3 promoter. Importantly, DREAM, HDAC4, and HDAC5 recruitment to the ncx3 gene was increased in the temporoparietal cortex of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), with a consequent histone-deacetylation of ncx3 promoter. Conversely, the tMCAO-induced NCX3 reduction was prevented by intracerebroventricular injection of siDREAM, siHDAC4, and siHDAC5. Notably, MC1568 prevented oxygen glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation and tMCAO-induced neuronal damage, whereas its neuroprotective effect was abolished by ncx3 knockdown. Collectively, we found that: (1) DREAM/HDAC4/HDAC5 complex epigenetically down-regulates ncx3 gene transcription after stroke, and (2) pharmacological inhibition of class IIa HDACs reduces stroke-induced neurodetrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cantile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Pizzorusso
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molinaro P, Natale S, Serani A, Calabrese L, Secondo A, Tedeschi V, Valsecchi V, Pannaccione A, Scorziello A, Annunziato L. Genetically modified mice to unravel physiological and pathophysiological roles played by NCX isoforms. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102189. [PMID: 32199207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the three isoforms of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 in 1990s, many studies have been devoted to identifying their specific roles in different tissues under several physiological or pathophysiological conditions. In particular, several seminal experimental works laid the foundation for better understanding gene and protein structures, tissue distribution, and regulatory functions of each antiporter isoform. On the other hand, despite the efforts in the development of specific compounds selectively targeting NCX1, NCX2 or NCX3 to test their physiological or pathophysiological roles, several drawbacks hampered the achievement of these goals. In fact, at present no isoform-specific compounds have been yet identified. Moreover, these compounds, despite their potency, possess some nonspecific actions against other ion antiporters, ion channels, and channel receptors. As a result, it is difficult to discriminate direct effects of inhibition/activation of NCX isoforms from the inhibitory or stimulatory effects exerted on other antiporters, channels, receptors, or enzymes. To overcome these difficulties, some research groups used transgenic, knock-out and knock-in mice for NCX isoforms as the most straightforward and fruitful strategy to characterize the biological role exerted by each antiporter isoform. The present review will survey the techniques used to study the roles of NCXs and the current knowledge obtained from these genetic modified mice focusing on the advantages obtained with these strategies in understanding the contribution exerted by each isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Natale
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Calabrese
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Formisano L, Guida N, Mascolo L, Serani A, Laudati G, Pizzorusso V, Annunziato L. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of ncx1 and ncx3 in the brain. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102194. [PMID: 32172011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) 1 and 3, have been demonstrated to play a relevant role in controlling the intracellular homeostasis of sodium and calcium ions in physiological and patho-physiological conditions. While NCX1 and NCX3 knocking-down have been both implicated in brain ischemia, several aspects of the epigenetic regulation of these two antiporters transcription were not yet well characterized. In response to stroke, NCX1 and NCX3 transcriptional regulation occurs from specific promoter sequences. Several evidences have shown that the expression of NCX1 and NCX3 can be determined by epigenetic modifications, consisting in changes of the histone acetylation levels on their promoter sequences. An interesting issue is that histone modifications at the NCX1 and NCX3 promoters could be linked to neurodegeneration occurring after stroke. Therefore, identifying the epigenetic regulation at the NCX1 and NCX3 promoters could permit to identify new molecular targets that can open new strategies for stroke treatment. The current review reassumes the recent knowledge of histone modifications of NCX1 and NCX3 genes in brain in physiological and patho-physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Natascia Guida
- IRCCS SDN Naples, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mascolo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pizzorusso
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- IRCCS SDN Naples, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simons C, Benkert J, Deuter N, Poetschke C, Pongs O, Schneider T, Duda J, Liss B. NCS-1 Deficiency Affects mRNA Levels of Genes Involved in Regulation of ATP Synthesis and Mitochondrial Stress in Highly Vulnerable Substantia nigra Dopaminergic Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:252. [PMID: 31827421 PMCID: PMC6890851 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ca2+ sensor proteins (NCS) transduce changes in Ca2+ homeostasis into altered signaling and neuronal function. NCS-1 activity has emerged as important for neuronal viability and pathophysiology. The progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, particularly within the Substantia nigra (SN), is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), causing its motor symptoms. The activity-related Ca2+ homeostasis of SN DA neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic stress promote neurodegeneration and PD. In contrast, NCS-1 in general has neuroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. We analyzed transcriptional changes in SN DA neurons upon NCS-1 loss by combining UV-laser microdissection and RT-qPCR-approaches to compare expression levels of a panel of PD and/or Ca2+-stress related genes from wildtype and NCS-1 KO mice. In NCS-1 KO, we detected significantly lower mRNA levels of mitochondrially coded ND1, a subunit of the respiratory chain, and of the neuron-specific enolase ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme. We also detected lower levels of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP4 and UCP5, the PARK7 gene product DJ-1, and the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Cav2.3 in SN DA neurons from NCS-1 KO. Transcripts of other analyzed uncoupling proteins (UCPs), mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters, PARK genes, and ion channels were not altered. As Cav channels are linked to regulation of gene expression, metabolic stress and degeneration of SN DA neurons in PD, we analyzed Cav2.3 KO mice, to address if the transcriptional changes in NCS-1 KO were also present in Cav.2.3 KO, and thus probably correlated with lower Cav2.3 transcripts. However, in SN DA neurons from Cav2.3 KO mice, ND1 mRNA as well as genomic DNA levels were elevated, while ENO2, UCP4, UCP5, and DJ-1 transcript levels were not altered. In conclusion, our data indicate a possible novel function of NCS-1 in regulating gene transcription or stabilization of mRNAs in SN DA neurons. Although we do not provide functional data, our findings at the transcript level could point to impaired ATP production (lower ND1 and ENO2) and elevated metabolic stress (lower UCP4, UCP5, and DJ-1 levels) in SN DA neurons from NCS-1 KO mice. We speculate that NCS-1 is involved in stimulating ATP synthesis, while at the same time controlling mitochondrial metabolic stress, and in this way could protect SN DA neurons from degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Simons
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Benkert
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Deuter
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Pongs
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Toni Schneider
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johanna Duda
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) belong to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family of Ca2+-binding EF-hand proteins. KChIPs constitute a group of specific auxiliary β-subunits for Kv4 channels, the molecular substrate of transient potassium currents in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Moreover, KChIPs can interact with presenilins to control ER calcium signaling and apoptosis, and with DNA to control gene transcription. Ca2+ binding via their EF-hands, with the consequence of conformational changes, is well documented for KChIPs. Moreover, the Ca2+ dependence of the presenilin/KChIP complex may be related to Alzheimer’s disease and the Ca2+ dependence of the DNA/KChIP complex to pain sensing. However, only in few cases could the Ca2+ binding to KChIPs be directly linked to the control of excitability in nerve and muscle cells known to express Kv4/KChIP channel complexes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the Ca2+ binding properties of KChIPs and the Ca2+ dependencies of macromolecular complexes containing KChIPs, including those with presenilins, DNA and especially Kv4 channels. The respective physiological or pathophysiolgical roles of Ca2+ binding to KChIPs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bähring
- a Institut für Zelluläre und Integrative Physiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin , Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Targeting the neuronal calcium sensor DREAM with small-molecules for Huntington's disease treatment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7260. [PMID: 31086218 PMCID: PMC6514012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DREAM, a neuronal calcium sensor protein, has multiple cellular roles including the regulation of Ca2+ and protein homeostasis. We recently showed that reduced DREAM expression or blockade of DREAM activity by repaglinide is neuroprotective in Huntington’s disease (HD). Here we used structure-based drug design to guide the identification of IQM-PC330, which was more potent and had longer lasting effects than repaglinide to inhibit DREAM in cellular and in vivo HD models. We disclosed and validated an unexplored ligand binding site, showing Tyr118 and Tyr130 as critical residues for binding and modulation of DREAM activity. IQM-PC330 binding de-repressed c-fos gene expression, silenced the DREAM effect on KV4.3 channel gating and blocked the ATF6/DREAM interaction. Our results validate DREAM as a valuable target and propose more effective molecules for HD treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo YP, Zhi YR, Liu TT, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Global Gene Knockout of Kcnip3 Enhances Pain Sensitivity and Exacerbates Negative Emotions in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:5. [PMID: 30740043 PMCID: PMC6355686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-binding protein Kv channel interacting protein 3 (KChIP3) or downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a member of the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family, shows remarkable multifunctional properties. It acts as a transcriptional repressor in the nucleus and a modulator of ion channels or receptors, such as Kv4, NMDA receptors and TRPV1 channels on the cytomembrane. Previous studies of Kcnip3-/- mice have indicated that KChIP3 facilitates pain hypersensitivity by repressing Pdyn expression in the spinal cord. Conversely, studies from transgenic daDREAM (dominant active DREAM) mice indicated that KChIP3 contributes to analgesia by repressing Bdnf expression and attenuating the development of central sensitization. To further determine the role of KChIP3 in pain transmission and its possible involvement in emotional processing, we assessed the pain sensitivity and negative emotional behaviors of Kcnip3-/- rats. The knockout rats showed higher pain sensitivity compared to the wild-type rats both in the acute nociceptive pain model and in the late phase (i.e., 2, 4 and 6 days post complete Freund’s adjuvant injection) of the chronic inflammatory pain model. Importantly, Kcnip3-/- rats displayed stronger aversion to the pain-associated compartment, higher anxiety level and aggravated depression-like behavior. Furthermore, RNA-Seq transcriptional profiling of the forebrain cortex were compared between wild-type and Kcnip3-/- rats. Among the 68 upregulated genes, 19 genes (including Nr4a2, Ret, Cplx3, Rgs9, and Itgad) are associated with neural development or synaptic transmission, particularly dopamine neurotransmission. Among the 79 downregulated genes, 16 genes (including Col3a1, Itm2a, Pcdhb3, Pcdhb22, Pcdhb20, Ddc, and Sncaip) are associated with neural development or dopaminergic transmission. Transcriptional upregulation of Nr4a2, Ret, Cplx3 and Rgs9, and downregulation of Col3a1, Itm2a, Pcdhb3 and Ddc, were validated by qPCR analysis. In summary, our studies showed that Kcnip3-/- rats displayed higher pain sensitivity and stronger negative emotions, suggesting an involvement of KChIP3 in negative emotions and possible role in central nociceptive processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education and Ministry of National Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Néant I, Haiech J, Kilhoffer MC, Aulestia FJ, Moreau M, Leclerc C. Ca 2+-Dependent Transcriptional Repressors KCNIP and Regulation of Prognosis Genes in Glioblastoma. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:472. [PMID: 30618619 PMCID: PMC6305344 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive and lethal primary astrocytic tumors in adults, with very poor prognosis. Recurrence in GBM is attributed to glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs). The behavior of the tumor, including proliferation, progression, invasion, and significant resistance to therapies, is a consequence of the self-renewing properties of the GSLCs, and their high resistance to chemotherapies have been attributed to their capacity to enter quiescence. Thus, targeting GSLCs may constitute one of the possible therapeutic challenges to significantly improve anti-cancer treatment regimens for GBM. Ca2+ signaling is an important regulator of tumorigenesis in GBM, and the transition from proliferation to quiescence involves the modification of the kinetics of Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels due to an increased capacity of the mitochondria of quiescent GSLC to capture Ca2+. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets requires the analysis of the calcium-regulated elements at transcriptional levels. In this review, we focus onto the direct regulation of gene expression by KCNIP proteins (KCNIP1–4). These proteins constitute the class E of Ca2+ sensor family with four EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs and control gene transcription directly by binding, via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, to specific DNA sites on target genes, called downstream regulatory element (DRE). The presence of putative DRE sites on genes associated with unfavorable outcome for GBM patients suggests that KCNIP proteins may contribute to the alteration of the expression of these prognosis genes. Indeed, in GBM, KCNIP2 expression appears to be significantly linked to the overall survival of patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the quiescent GSLCs with respect to Ca2+ signaling and discuss how Ca2+via KCNIP proteins may affect prognosis genes expression in GBM. This original mechanism may constitute the basis of the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Néant
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Haiech
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, CNRS, LIT UMR 7200, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Claude Kilhoffer
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, CNRS, LIT UMR 7200, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Moreau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Leclerc
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grillo MA, Grillo SL, Gerdes BC, Kraus JG, Koulen P. Control of Neuronal Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Signaling by Calsenilin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:525-534. [PMID: 29730765 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calsenilin is a calcium ion (Ca2+)-binding protein involved in regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, a second messenger that controls multiple cellular signaling pathways. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) amplifies Ca2+ signals entering the cytoplasm by releasing Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, a process termed calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Here, we describe a novel mechanism, in which calsenilin controls the activity of neuronal RyRs. We show calsenilin co-localized with RyR2 and 3 in the ER of mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons using immunocytochemistry. The underlying protein-protein interaction between calsenilin and the RyR was determined in mouse central nervous system (CNS) neurons using immunoprecipitation studies. The functional relevance of this interaction was assayed with single-channel electrophysiology. At low physiological Ca2+ concentrations, calsenilin binding to the cytoplasmic face of neuronal RyRs decreased the RyR's open probability, while calsenilin increased the open probability at high physiological Ca2+ concentrations. This novel molecular mechanism was studied further at the cellular level, where faster release kinetics of caffeine-induced Ca2+ release were measured in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells overexpressing calsenilin. The interaction between calsenilin and neuronal RyRs reveals a new regulatory mechanism and possibly a novel pharmacological target for the control of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grillo
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Stephanie L Grillo
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Bryan C Gerdes
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jacob G Kraus
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
KChIP3 N-Terminal 31-50 Fragment Mediates Its Association with TRPV1 and Alleviates Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Rats. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1756-1773. [PMID: 29335353 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2242-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3 (KChIP3), also termed downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) and calsenilin, is a multifunctional protein belonging to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. Recent studies revealed the expression of KChIP3 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, suggesting the potential role of KChIP3 in peripheral sensory processing. Herein, we show that KChIP3 colocalizes with transient receptor potential ion channel V1 (TRPV1), a critical molecule involved in peripheral sensitization during inflammatory pain. Furthermore, the N-terminal 31-50 fragment of KChIP3 is capable of binding both the intracellular N and C termini of TRPV1, which substantially decreases the surface localization of TRPV1 and the subsequent Ca2+ influx through the channel. Importantly, intrathecal administration of the transmembrane peptide transactivator of transcription (TAT)-31-50 remarkably reduces Ca2+ influx via TRPV1 in DRG neurons and alleviates thermal hyperalgesia and gait alterations in a complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain model in male rats. Moreover, intraplantar injection of TAT-31-50 attenuated the capsaicin-evoked spontaneous pain behavior and thermal hyperalgesia, which further strengthened the regulatory role of TAT-31-50 on TRPV1 channel. In addition, TAT-31-50 could also alleviate inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia in kcnip3-/- rats generated in our study, suggesting that the analgesic effect mediated by TAT-31-50 is independent of endogenous KChIP3. Our study reveals a novel peripheral mechanism for the analgesic function of KChIP3 and provides a potential analgesic agent, TAT-31-50, for the treatment of inflammatory pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inflammatory pain arising from inflamed or injured tissues significantly compromises the quality of life in patients. This study aims to elucidate the role of peripheral potassium channel interacting protein 3 (KChIP3) in inflammatory pain. Direct interaction of the KChIP3 N-terminal 31-50 fragment with transient receptor potential ion channel V1 (TRPV1) was demonstrated. The KChIP3-TRPV1 interaction reduces the surface localization of TRPV1 and thus alleviates heat hyperalgesia and gait alterations induced by peripheral inflammation. Furthermore, the transmembrane transactivator of transcription (TAT)-31-50 peptide showed analgesic effects on inflammatory hyperalgesia independently of endogenous KChIP3. This work reveals a novel mechanism of peripheral KChIP3 in inflammatory hyperalgesia that is distinct from its classical role as a transcriptional repressor in pain modulation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim JE, Hyun HW, Min SJ, Lee DS, Jeon AR, Kim MJ, Kang TC. PLPP/CIN Regulates Seizure Activity by the Differential Modulation of Calsenilin Binding to GluN1 and Kv4.2 in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:303. [PMID: 28993724 PMCID: PMC5622162 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsenilin (CSEN) binds to Kv4.2 (an A-type K+ channel) as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and modulates their activities. However, the regulatory mechanisms for CSEN-binding to Kv4.2 or NMDAR remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the novel role of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN), one of the cofilin-mediated F-actin regulators, in the CSEN binding to Kv4.2 or GluN1 (an NMDAR subunit). PLPP/CIN dephosphorylated CSEN in competition with casein kinase 1, independent of cofilin dephosphorylation. As compared to wild-type mice, PLPP/CIN transgenic (PLPP/CINTg) mice showed the enhancement of Kv4.2–CSEN binding, but the reduction in CSEN–GluN1 binding. In addition, PLPP/CINTg mice exhibited the higher intensity (severity), duration and progression of seizures, but the longer latency of seizure on-set in response to kainic acid. PLPP/CIN knockout mice reversed these phenomena. Therefore, we suggest that PLPP/CIN-mediated CSEN dephosphorylation may play an important role in the functional coupling of NMDAR and Kv4.2, which regulates the neuronal excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Hyun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Ji Min
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Duk-Shin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ran Jeon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Groen C, Bähring R. Modulation of human Kv4.3/KChIP2 channel inactivation kinetics by cytoplasmic Ca 2. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1457-1470. [PMID: 28735419 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The transient outward current (I to) in the human heart is mediated by Kv4.3 channels complexed with Kv channel interacting protein (KChIP) 2, a cytoplasmic Ca2+-binding EF-hand protein known to modulate Kv4.3 inactivation gating upon heterologous co-expression. We studied Kv4.3 channels co-expressed with wild-type (wt) or EF-hand-mutated (ΔEF) KChIP2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Co-expression took place in the absence or presence of BAPTA-AM, and macroscopic currents were recorded in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration with different free Ca2+ concentrations in the patch-pipette. Our data indicate that Ca2+ is not necessary for Kv4.3/KChIP2 complex formation. The Kv4.3/KChIP2-mediated current decay was faster and the recovery of Kv4.3/KChIP2 channels from inactivation slower with 50 μM Ca2+ than with BAPTA (nominal Ca2+-free) in the patch-pipette. The apparent Ca2+-mediated slowing of recovery kinetics was still observed when EF-hand 4 of KChIP2 was mutated (ΔEF4) but not when EF-hand 2 (ΔEF2) was mutated, and turned into a Ca2+-mediated acceleration of recovery kinetics when EF-hand 3 (ΔEF3) was mutated. In the presence of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93 cytoplasmic Ca2+ (50 μM) induced an acceleration of Kv4.3/KChIP2 recovery kinetics, which was still observed when EF-hand 2 was mutated (ΔEF2) but not when EF-hand 3 (ΔEF3) or EF-hand 4 (ΔEF4) was mutated. Our results support the notion that binding of Ca2+ to KChIP2 EF-hands can acutely modulate Kv4.3/KChIP2 channel inactivation gating, but the Ca2+-dependent gating modulation depends on CaMKII action. Our findings speak for an acute modulation of I to kinetics and frequency-dependent I to availability in cardiomyocytes under conditions with elevated Ca2+ levels and CaMKII activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Groen
- Institut für Zelluläre und Integrative Physiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bähring
- Institut für Zelluläre und Integrative Physiologie, Zentrum für Experimentelle Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nassal DM, Wan X, Liu H, Maleski D, Ramirez-Navarro A, Moravec CS, Ficker E, Laurita KR, Deschênes I. KChIP2 is a core transcriptional regulator of cardiac excitability. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28263709 PMCID: PMC5338919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenesis from aberrant electrical remodeling is a primary cause of death among patients with heart disease. Amongst a multitude of remodeling events, reduced expression of the ion channel subunit KChIP2 is consistently observed in numerous cardiac pathologies. However, it remains unknown if KChIP2 loss is merely a symptom or involved in disease development. Using rat and human derived cardiomyocytes, we identify a previously unobserved transcriptional capacity for cardiac KChIP2 critical in maintaining electrical stability. Through interaction with genetic elements, KChIP2 transcriptionally repressed the miRNAs miR-34b and miR-34c, which subsequently targeted key depolarizing (INa) and repolarizing (Ito) currents altered in cardiac disease. Genetically maintaining KChIP2 expression or inhibiting miR-34 under pathologic conditions restored channel function and moreover, prevented the incidence of reentrant arrhythmias. This identifies the KChIP2/miR-34 axis as a central regulator in developing electrical dysfunction and reveals miR-34 as a therapeutic target for treating arrhythmogenesis in heart disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17304.001 The heart pumps blood throughout the body to provide oxygen and nourishment. To do so, proteins in the heart create electrical signals that tell the heart muscles to contract in a coordinated manner. Heart disease can cause cells to lose control of the production or activity of these proteins, creating disorganized electrical signals called arrhythmias that interfere with the heart’s ability to pump. Sometimes these arrhythmias lead to sudden death. Researchers do not know exactly what triggers these changes in the heart’s normal electrical rhythms. This has made it difficult to develop strategies to prevent these disruptions or to fix them when they occur. By studying rat and human heart cells, Nassal et al. now show that a protein called KChIP2 stops working properly during heart disease. Most importantly, because of the decreased level of KChIP2 in heart disease, KChIP2 loses the ability to restrict the production of two microRNA molecules – a role that KChIP2 was not previously known to perform. This loss of activity sets off a cascade of signals that worsens the balance of electrical activity in the heart cells, creating arrhythmias. Treatments that restored proper levels of the fully working KChIP2 protein to the heart cells or that blocked the signals set off by a lack of KChIP2 returned the electrical activity of the cells back to normal. This also stopped the development of arrhythmias. Further studies are now needed to investigate whether these treatments have the same effects in living mammals. If effective, this could ultimately lead to new treatments for heart diseases and arrhythmias. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17304.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Nassal
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Danielle Maleski
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Eckhard Ficker
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Kenneth R Laurita
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Benedet T, Gonzalez P, Oliveros JC, Dopazo JM, Ghimire K, Palczewska M, Mellstrom B, Naranjo JR. Transcriptional repressor DREAM regulates trigeminal noxious perception. J Neurochem 2017; 141:544-552. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaso Benedet
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Jose M. Dopazo
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | - Kedar Ghimire
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Britt Mellstrom
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | - Jose R. Naranjo
- National Centre for Biotechnology; C.S.I.C.; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM), a target for anti-thrombotic agents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:283-287. [PMID: 28065857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating platelets participate in the process of numerous diseases including thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the underlying mechanisms mediating platelet activation under disease conditions. Emerging evidence indicates that despite the lack of a nucleus, platelets possess molecules that are involved in gene transcription in nucleated cells. This review will summarize downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a transcriptional repressor, and highlight recent findings suggesting its novel non-transcriptional role in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li C, Lim S, Braunewell KH, Ames JB. Structure and Calcium Binding Properties of a Neuronal Calcium-Myristoyl Switch Protein, Visinin-Like Protein 3. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165921. [PMID: 27820860 PMCID: PMC5098827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visinin-like protein 3 (VILIP-3) belongs to a family of Ca2+-myristoyl switch proteins that regulate signal transduction in the brain and retina. Here we analyze Ca2+ binding, characterize Ca2+-induced conformational changes, and determine the NMR structure of myristoylated VILIP-3. Three Ca2+ bind cooperatively to VILIP-3 at EF2, EF3 and EF4 (KD = 0.52 μM and Hill slope of 1.8). NMR assignments, mutagenesis and structural analysis indicate that the covalently attached myristoyl group is solvent exposed in Ca2+-bound VILIP-3, whereas Ca2+-free VILIP-3 contains a sequestered myristoyl group that interacts with protein residues (E26, Y64, V68), which are distinct from myristate contacts seen in other Ca2+-myristoyl switch proteins. The myristoyl group in VILIP-3 forms an unusual L-shaped structure that places the C14 methyl group inside a shallow protein groove, in contrast to the much deeper myristoyl binding pockets observed for recoverin, NCS-1 and GCAP1. Thus, the myristoylated VILIP-3 protein structure determined in this study is quite different from those of other known myristoyl switch proteins (recoverin, NCS-1, and GCAP1). We propose that myristoylation serves to fine tune the three-dimensional structures of neuronal calcium sensor proteins as a means of generating functional diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sunghyuk Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Karl H. Braunewell
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - James B. Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Potassium Channel Interacting Protein 2 (KChIP2) is not a transcriptional regulator of cardiac electrical remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28760. [PMID: 27349185 PMCID: PMC4923891 DOI: 10.1038/srep28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart-failure relevant Potassium Channel Interacting Protein 2 (KChIP2) augments CaV1.2 and KV4.3. KChIP3 represses CaV1.2 transcription in cardiomyocytes via interaction with regulatory DNA elements. Hence, we tested nuclear presence of KChIP2 and if KChIP2 translocates into the nucleus in a Ca2+ dependent manner. Cardiac biopsies from human heart-failure patients and healthy donor controls showed that nuclear KChIP2 abundance was significantly increased in heart failure; however, this was secondary to a large variation of total KChIP2 content. Administration of ouabain did not increase KChIP2 content in nuclear protein fractions in anesthetized mice. KChIP2 was expressed in cell lines, and Ca2+ ionophores were applied in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell lines had KChIP2-immunoreactive protein in the nucleus in the absence of treatments to modulate intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Neither increasing nor decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentrations caused translocation of KChIP2. Microarray analysis did not identify relief of transcriptional repression in murine KChIP2−/− heart samples. We conclude that although there is a baseline presence of KChIP2 in the nucleus both in vivo and in vitro, KChIP2 does not directly regulate transcriptional activity. Moreover, the nuclear transport of KChIP2 is not dependent on Ca2+. Thus, KChIP2 does not function as a conventional transcription factor in the heart.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mellström B, Kastanauskaite A, Knafo S, Gonzalez P, Dopazo XM, Ruiz-Nuño A, Jefferys JGR, Zhuo M, Bliss TVP, Naranjo JR, DeFelipe J. Specific cytoarchitectureal changes in hippocampal subareas in daDREAM mice. Mol Brain 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26928278 PMCID: PMC4772309 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a Ca2+-binding protein that regulates Ca2+ homeostasis through gene regulation and protein-protein interactions. It has been shown that a dominant active form (daDREAM) is implicated in learning-related synaptic plasticity such as LTP and LTD in the hippocampus. Neuronal spines are reported to play important roles in plasticity and memory. However, the possible role of DREAM in spine plasticity has not been reported. Results Here we show that potentiating DREAM activity, by overexpressing daDREAM, reduced dendritic basal arborization and spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons and increased spine density in dendrites in dentate gyrus granule cells. These microanatomical changes are accompanied by significant modifications in the expression of specific genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins Arc, Formin 1 and Gelsolin in daDREAM hippocampus. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that DREAM plays an important role in structural plasticity in the hippocampus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0204-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Mellström
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asta Kastanauskaite
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Technology Center, Politecnica University Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Shira Knafo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: IkerBasque Basque Foundation for Science and BioCruces, Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Xose M Dopazo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ruiz-Nuño
- Neuronal Networks Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - John G R Jefferys
- Neuronal Networks Group, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tim V P Bliss
- MRC National Institutes for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,National Biotechnology Center. CSIC, Darwin, 3. E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain. .,Cajal Institute, CSIC Madrid, Av Dr. Arce,37 E-28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Technology Center, Politecnica University Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Naranjo JR, Zhang H, Villar D, González P, Dopazo XM, Morón-Oset J, Higueras E, Oliveros JC, Arrabal MD, Prieto A, Cercós P, González T, De la Cruz A, Casado-Vela J, Rábano A, Valenzuela C, Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Li JY, Mellström B. Activating transcription factor 6 derepression mediates neuroprotection in Huntington disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:627-38. [PMID: 26752648 DOI: 10.1172/jci82670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated protein and Ca2+ homeostasis underlie synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD); however, the factors that disrupt homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we determined that expression of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, is reduced in murine in vivo and in vitro HD models and in HD patients. DREAM downregulation was observed early after birth and was associated with endogenous neuroprotection. In the R6/2 mouse HD model, induced DREAM haplodeficiency or blockade of DREAM activity by chronic administration of the drug repaglinide delayed onset of motor dysfunction, reduced striatal atrophy, and prolonged life span. DREAM-related neuroprotection was linked to an interaction between DREAM and the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Repaglinide blocked this interaction and enhanced ATF6 processing and nuclear accumulation of transcriptionally active ATF6, improving prosurvival UPR function in striatal neurons. Together, our results identify a role for DREAM silencing in the activation of ATF6 signaling, which promotes early neuroprotection in HD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ruiz-DeDiego I, Naranjo J, Hervé D, Moratalla R. Dopaminergic regulation of olfactory type G-protein α subunit expression in the striatum. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1039-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ruiz-DeDiego
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | - J.R. Naranjo
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - D. Hervé
- Inserm UMR S-839, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - R. Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruiz-DeDiego I, Mellstrom B, Vallejo M, Naranjo JR, Moratalla R. Activation of DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator), a calcium-binding protein, reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in mice. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:95-105. [PMID: 24857398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have implicated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway as well as FosB and dynorphin-B expression mediated by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation in the development of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. The magnitude of these molecular changes correlates with the intensity of dyskinesias. The calcium-binding protein downstream regulatory element antagonistic modulator (DREAM) binds to regulatory element sites called DRE in the DNA and represses transcription of target genes such as c-fos, fos-related antigen-2 (fra-2), and prodynorphin. This repression is released by calcium and protein kinase A activation. Dominant-active DREAM transgenic mice (daDREAM) and DREAM knockout mice (DREAM(-/-)) were used to define the involvement of DREAM in dyskinesias. METHODS Dyskinesias were evaluated twice a week in mice with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions during long-term L-DOPA (25 mg/kg) treatment. The impact of DREAM on L-DOPA efficacy was evaluated using the rotarod and the cylinder test after the establishment of dyskinesia and the molecular changes by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS In daDREAM mice, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was decreased throughout the entire treatment. In correlation with these behavioral results, daDREAM mice showed a decrease in FosB, phosphoacetylated histone H3, dynorphin-B, and phosphorylated glutamate receptor subunit, type 1 expression. Conversely, genetic inactivation of DREAM potentiated the intensity of dyskinesia, and DREAM(-/-) mice exhibited an increase in expression of molecular markers associated with dyskinesias. The DREAM modifications did not affect the kinetic profile or antiparkinsonian efficacy of L-DOPA therapy. CONCLUSIONS The protein DREAM decreases development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in mice and reduces L-DOPA-induced expression of FosB, phosphoacetylated histone H3, and dynorphin-B in the striatum. These data suggest that therapeutic approaches that activate DREAM may be useful to alleviate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without interfering with the therapeutic motor effects of L-DOPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruiz-DeDiego
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellstrom
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols all part of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain; CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols all part of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Towards Understanding the Role of the Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger Isoform 3. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 168:31-57. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2015_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
29
|
Néant I, Mellström B, Gonzalez P, Naranjo JR, Moreau M, Leclerc C. Kcnip1 a Ca²⁺-dependent transcriptional repressor regulates the size of the neural plate in Xenopus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:2077-85. [PMID: 25499267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In amphibian embryos, our previous work has demonstrated that calcium transients occurring in the dorsal ectoderm at the onset of gastrulation are necessary and sufficient to engage the ectodermal cells into a neural fate by inducing neural specific genes. Some of these genes are direct targets of calcium. Here we search for a direct transcriptional mechanism by which calcium signals are acting. The only known mechanism responsible for a direct action of calcium on gene transcription involves an EF-hand Ca²⁺ binding protein which belongs to a group of four proteins (Kcnip1 to 4). Kcnip protein can act in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner as a transcriptional repressor by binding to a specific DNA sequence, the Downstream Regulatory Element (DRE) site. In Xenopus, among the four kcnips, we show that only kcnip1 is timely and spatially present in the presumptive neural territories and is able to bind DRE sites in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. The loss of function of kcnip1 results in the expansion of the neural plate through an increased proliferation of neural progenitors. Later on, this leads to an impairment in the development of anterior neural structures. We propose that, in the embryo, at the onset of neurogenesis Kcnip1 is the Ca²⁺-dependent transcriptional repressor that controls the size of the neural plate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Néant
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France; Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Britt Mellström
- Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paz Gonzalez
- Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Naranjo
- GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France; Centro Nacional de Biotechnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Moreau
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Leclerc
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 routes de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse, Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062 France; GDRE CNRS, n° 731, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brini M, Calì T, Ottolini D, Carafoli E. Neuronal calcium signaling: function and dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2787-814. [PMID: 24442513 PMCID: PMC11113927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is an universal second messenger that regulates the most important activities of all eukaryotic cells. It is of critical importance to neurons as it participates in the transmission of the depolarizing signal and contributes to synaptic activity. Neurons have thus developed extensive and intricate Ca(2+) signaling pathways to couple the Ca(2+) signal to their biochemical machinery. Ca(2+) influx into neurons occurs through plasma membrane receptors and voltage-dependent ion channels. The release of Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, by intracellular channels also contributes to the elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+). Inside the cell, Ca(2+) is controlled by the buffering action of cytosolic Ca(2+)-binding proteins and by its uptake and release by mitochondria. The uptake of Ca(2+) in the mitochondrial matrix stimulates the citric acid cycle, thus enhancing ATP production and the removal of Ca(2+) from the cytosol by the ATP-driven pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. A Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger in the plasma membrane also participates in the control of neuronal Ca(2+). The impaired ability of neurons to maintain an adequate energy level may impact Ca(2+) signaling: this occurs during aging and in neurodegenerative disease processes. The focus of this review is on neuronal Ca(2+) signaling and its involvement in synaptic signaling processes, neuronal energy metabolism, and neurotransmission. The contribution of altered Ca(2+) signaling in the most important neurological disorders will then be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Ottolini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Ernesto Carafoli
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G.Orus, 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
DREAM controls the on/off switch of specific activity-dependent transcription pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:877-87. [PMID: 24366545 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00360-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in nuclear Ca(2+) homeostasis activate specific gene expression programs and are central to the acquisition and storage of information in the brain. DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator), also known as calsenilin/KChIP-3 (K(+) channel interacting protein 3), is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that binds DNA and represses transcription in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. To study the function of DREAM in the brain, we used transgenic mice expressing a Ca(2+)-insensitive/CREB-independent dominant active mutant DREAM (daDREAM). Using genome-wide analysis, we show that DREAM regulates the expression of specific activity-dependent transcription factors in the hippocampus, including Npas4, Nr4a1, Mef2c, JunB, and c-Fos. Furthermore, DREAM regulates its own expression, establishing an autoinhibitory feedback loop to terminate activity-dependent transcription. Ablation of DREAM does not modify activity-dependent transcription because of gene compensation by the other KChIP family members. The expression of daDREAM in the forebrain resulted in a complex phenotype characterized by loss of recurrent inhibition and enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus and impaired learning and memory. Our results indicate that DREAM is a major master switch transcription factor that regulates the on/off status of specific activity-dependent gene expression programs that control synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wide distribution of CREM immunoreactivity in adult and fetal human brain, with an increased expression in dentate gyrus neurons of Alzheimer's as compared to normal aging brains. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1373-83. [PMID: 24100545 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cyclic AMP response modulator proteins (CREMs) are encoded by the CREM gene, which generates 30 or more different CREM protein isoforms. They are members of the leucine zipper protein superfamily of nuclear transcription factors. CREM proteins are known to be implicated in a plethora of important cellular processes within the CNS. Amazingly, little is known about their cellular and regional distribution in the brain, however. Therefore, we studied by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting the expression patterns of CREM in developing and adult human brain, as well as in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. CREM immunoreactivity was found to be widely but unevenly distributed in the adult human brain. Its localization was confined to neurons. In immature human brains, CREM multiple neuroblasts and radial glia cells expressed CREM. In Alzheimer's brain, we found an increased cellular expression of CREM in dentate gyrus neurons as compared to controls. We discuss our results with regard to the putative roles of CREM in brain development and in cognition.
Collapse
|
34
|
Baczyk D, Kibschull M, Mellstrom B, Levytska K, Rivas M, Drewlo S, Lye SJ, Naranjo JR, Kingdom JCP. DREAM mediated regulation of GCM1 in the human placental trophoblast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51837. [PMID: 23300953 PMCID: PMC3536794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophoblast transcription factor glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) regulates differentiation of placental cytotrophoblasts into the syncytiotrophoblast layer in contact with maternal blood. Reduced placental expression of GCM1 and abnormal syncytiotrophoblast structure are features of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy--preeclampsia. In-silico techniques identified the calcium-regulated transcriptional repressor--DREAM (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator)--as a candidate for GCM1 gene expression. Our objective was to determine if DREAM represses GCM1 regulated syncytiotrophoblast formation. EMSA and ChIP assays revealed a direct interaction between DREAM and the GCM1 promoter. siRNA-mediated DREAM silencing in cell culture and placental explant models significantly up-regulated GCM1 expression and reduced cytotrophoblast proliferation. DREAM calcium dependency was verified using ionomycin. Furthermore, the increased DREAM protein expression in preeclamptic placental villi was predominantly nuclear, coinciding with an overall increase in sumolylated DREAM and correlating inversely with GCM1 levels. In conclusion, our data reveal a calcium-regulated pathway whereby GCM1-directed villous trophoblast differentiation is repressed by DREAM. This pathway may be relevant to disease prevention via calcium-supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Baczyk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Valsecchi V, Pignataro G, Sirabella R, Matrone C, Boscia F, Scorziello A, Sisalli MJ, Esposito E, Zambrano N, Cataldi M, Di Renzo G, Annunziato L. Transcriptional regulation of ncx1 gene in the brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 961:137-45. [PMID: 23224876 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous sodium-calcium exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) is a -bidirectional transporter that plays a relevant role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions including brain ischemia by regulating intraneuronal Ca(2+) and Na(+) homeostasis. Although changes in ncx1 protein and transcript expression have been detected during stroke, its transcriptional regulation is still largely unexplored. Here, we reviewed our recent findings on several transcription factors including cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the control of the ncx1 gene expression in neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Valsecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Molinaro P, Cataldi M, Cuomo O, Viggiano D, Pignataro G, Sirabella R, Secondo A, Boscia F, Pannaccione A, Scorziello A, Sokolow S, Herchuelz A, Di Renzo G, Annunziato L. Genetically modified mice as a strategy to unravel the role played by the Na(+)/Ca (2+) exchanger in brain ischemia and in spatial learning and memory deficits. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 961:213-22. [PMID: 23224882 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Because no isoform-specific blocker of NCX has ever been synthesized, a more selective strategy to identify the role of each antiporter isoform in the brain was represented by the generation of knockout and knockin mice for the different isoforms of the antiporter.Experiments performed in NCX2 and NCX3 knockout mice provided evidence that these two isoforms participate in spatial learning and memory consolidation, although in an opposite manner. These new data from ncx2-/- and ncx3-/- mice may open new experimental avenues for the development of effective therapeutic compounds that, by selectively inhibiting or activating these molecular targets, could treat patients affected by cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, and infarct dementia.More importantly, knockout and knockin mice also provided new relevant information on the role played by NCX in maintaining the intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis and in protecting neurons during brain ischemia. In particular, both ncx2-/- and ncx3-/- mice showed an increased neuronal vulnerability after the ischemic insult induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.As the ubiquitous deletion of NCX1 brings about to an early death of embryos because of a lack of heartbeat, this strategy could not be successfully pursued. However, information on the role of NCX1 in normal and ischemic brain could be obtained by developing conditional knockout mice lacking NCX1 in the brain. Preliminarily results obtained in these conditional mice suggest that also NCX1 protects neurons from ischemic cell death.Overall, the use of genetic-modified mice for NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 represents a fruitful strategy to characterize the physiological role exerted by NCX in CNS and to identify the isoforms of the antiporter as potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
A new concept: Aβ1-42 generates a hyperfunctional proteolytic NCX3 fragment that delays caspase-12 activation and neuronal death. J Neurosci 2012; 32:10609-17. [PMID: 22855810 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6429-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ(1-42)) peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease is known to cause a dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, its molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. We report that the extracellular-dependent early increase (30 min) in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), following Aβ(1-42) exposure, caused the activation of calpain that in turn elicited a cleavage of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger isoform NCX3. This cleavage generated a hyperfunctional form of the antiporter and increased NCX currents (I(NCX)) in the reverse mode of operation. Interestingly, this NCX3 calpain-dependent cleavage was essential for the Aβ(1-42)-dependent I(NCX) increase. Indeed, the calpain inhibitor calpeptin and the removal of the calpain-cleavage recognition sequence, via site-directed mutagenesis, abolished this effect. Moreover, the enhanced NCX3 activity was paralleled by an increased Ca(2+) content in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores. Remarkably, the silencing in PC-12 cells or the knocking-out in mice of the ncx3 gene prevented the enhancement of both I(NCX) and Ca(2+) content in ER stores, suggesting that NCX3 was involved in the increase of ER Ca(2+) content stimulated by Aβ(1-42). By contrast, in the late phase (72 h), when the NCX3 proteolytic cleavage abruptly ceased, the occurrence of a parallel reduction in ER Ca(2+) content triggered ER stress, as revealed by caspase-12 activation. Concomitantly, the late increase in [Ca(2+)](i) coincided with neuronal death. Interestingly, NCX3 silencing caused an earlier activation of Aβ(1-42)-induced caspase-12. Indeed, in NCX3-silenced neurons, Aβ(1-42) exposure hastened caspase-dependent apoptosis, thus reinforcing neuronal cell death. These results suggest that Aβ(1-42), through Ca(2+)-dependent calpain activation, generates a hyperfunctional form of NCX3 that, by increasing Ca(2+) content into ER, delays caspase-12 activation and thus neuronal death.
Collapse
|
39
|
Wan QF, Nixon E, Heidelberger R. Regulation of presynaptic calcium in a mammalian synaptic terminal. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:3059-67. [PMID: 22972962 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00213.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling in synaptic terminals plays a critical role in neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity. In the present study, we examined the role of synaptic Ca(2+) handling mechanisms in the synaptic terminals of mammalian rod bipolar cells, neurons that play a pivotal role in the high-sensitivity vision pathway. We found that mitochondria sequester Ca(2+) under conditions of high Ca(2+) load, maintaining intraterminal Ca(2+) near resting levels. Indeed, the effect of the mitochondria was so powerful that the ability to clamp intraterminal Ca(2+) with a somatically positioned whole cell patch pipette was compromised. The plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA), but not the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) or the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), was an important regulator of resting Ca(2+). Furthermore, PMCA activity, but not NCX or SERCA activity, was essential for the recovery of Ca(2+) levels following depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) entry. Loss of PMCA function was also associated with impaired restoration of membrane surface area following depolarization-evoked exocytosis. Given its roles in the regulation of intraterminal Ca(2+) at rest and after a stimulus-evoked Ca(2+) rise, the PMCA is poised to modulate luminance coding and adaptation to background illumination in the mammalian rod bipolar cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Fang Wan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gulati V, Wallace R. Rafts, Nanoparticles and Neural Disease. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 2:217-250. [PMID: 28348305 PMCID: PMC5304588 DOI: 10.3390/nano2030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the role of membrane rafts in neural disease as a rationale for drug targeting utilizing lipid-based nanoparticles. The article begins with an overview of methodological issues involving the existence, sizes, and lifetimes of rafts, and then examines raft function in the etiologies of three major neural diseases-epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease-selected as promising candidates for raft-based therapeutics. Raft-targeting drug delivery systems involving liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles are then examined in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gulati
- Ross University School of Medicine, Miami Beach Community Health Center, 11645 Biscayne Boulevard, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Ron Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang H, Morishita Y, Miura D, Naranjo JR, Kida S, Zhuo M. Roles of CREB in the regulation of FMRP by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in cingulate cortex. Mol Brain 2012; 5:27. [PMID: 22867433 PMCID: PMC3478997 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragile X syndrome is caused by lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) due to silencing of the FMR1 gene. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the central nervous system contribute to higher brain functions including learning/memory, mental disorders and persistent pain. The transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) is involved in important neuronal functions, such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Our recent study has shown that stimulation of Group I mGluRs upregulated FMRP and activated CREB in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key region for brain cognitive and executive functions, suggesting that activation of Group I mGluRs may upregulate FMRP through CREB signaling pathway. Results In this study, we demonstrate that CREB contributes to the regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs. In ACC neurons of adult mice overexpressing dominant active CREB mutant, the upregulation of FMRP by stimulating Group I mGluR is enhanced compared to wild-type mice. However, the regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs is not altered by overexpression of Ca2+-insensitive mutant form of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a transcriptional repressor involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Conclusion Our study has provided further evidence for CREB involvement in regulation of FMRP by Group I mGluRs in ACC neurons, and may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of fragile X syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Naranjo JR, Mellström B. Ca2+-dependent transcriptional control of Ca2+ homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31674-80. [PMID: 22822058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r112.384982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular free Ca(2+) ions regulate many cellular functions, and in turn, the cell devotes many genes/proteins to keep tight control of the level of intracellular free Ca(2+). Here, we review recent work on Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms and effectors that regulate the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of Ca(2+) in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Naranjo
- National Center of Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pruunsild P, Timmusk T. Subcellular localization and transcription regulatory potency of KCNIP/Calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP proteins in cultured primary cortical neurons do not provide support for their role in CRE-dependent gene expression. J Neurochem 2012; 123:29-43. [PMID: 22612322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
KCNIP3/KChIP3 (voltage-dependent K+ channel interacting protein 3), alias Calsenilin and downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), is a multifunctional protein that modulates A-type potassium channels, affects processing of amyloid precursor protein and regulates transcription. KCNIP3 has been described to negatively influence the activity of CREB (cAMP/Ca(2+)-response element binding protein), an essential factor in neuronal activity-dependent gene expression regulation. However, reports on intracellular localization of KCNIP3 in neurons are diverse and necessitate additional analyses of distribution of KCNIPs in cells to clarify the potential of KCNIP3 to fulfill its functions in different cell compartments. Here, we examined localization of the entire family of highly similar KCNIP proteins in neuronal cells and show that over-expressed isoforms of KCNIP1/KChIP1, KCNIP2/KChIP2, KCNIP3/KChIP3, and KCNIP4/KChIP4 had varied, yet partially overlapping subcellular localization. In addition, although some of the over-expressed KCNIP isoforms localized to the nucleus, endogenous KCNIPs were not detected in nuclei of rat primary cortical neurons. Moreover, we analyzed the role of KCNIP proteins in cAMP/Ca(2+)-response element (CRE)-dependent transcription by luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay and report that our results do not support the role for KCNIPs, including DREAM/Calsenilin/KChIP3, in modulation of CREB-mediated transcription in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priit Pruunsild
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dierssen M, Fedrizzi L, Gomez-Villafuertes R, de Lagran MM, Gutierrez-Adan A, Sahún I, Pintado B, Oliveros JC, Dopazo XM, Gonzalez P, Brini M, Mellström B, Carafoli E, Naranjo JR. Reduced Mid1 Expression and Delayed Neuromotor Development in daDREAM Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:58. [PMID: 22563308 PMCID: PMC3342529 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that binds DNA and represses transcription in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Previous work has shown a role for DREAM in cerebellar function regulating the expression of the sodium/calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) in cerebellar granular neurons to control Ca2+ homeostasis and survival of these neurons. To achieve a global view of the genes regulated by DREAM in the cerebellum, we performed a genome-wide analysis in transgenic cerebellum expressing a Ca2+-insensitive/CREB-independent dominant active mutant DREAM (daDREAM). Here we show that DREAM regulates the expression of the midline 1 (Mid1) gene early after birth. As a consequence, daDREAM mice exhibit a significant shortening of the rostro-caudal axis of the cerebellum and a delay in neuromotor development early after birth. Our results indicate a role for DREAM in cerebellar function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Genomic Regulation Center, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang K, Wang Y. Negative modulation of NMDA receptor channel function by DREAM/calsenilin/KChIP3 provides neuroprotection? Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:39. [PMID: 22518099 PMCID: PMC3325484 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels highly permeable to calcium and essential to excitatory neurotransmission. The NMDARs have attracted much attention because of their role in synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. Evidence has recently accumulated that NMDARs are negatively regulated by intracellular calcium binding proteins. The calcium-dependent suppression of NMDAR function serves as a feedback mechanism capable of regulating subsequent Ca2+ entry into the postsynaptic cell, and may offer an alternative approach to treating NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic injury. This short review summarizes the recent progress made in understanding the negative modulation of NMDAR function by DREAM/calsenilin/KChIP3, a neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Calì T, Fedrizzi L, Ottolini D, Gomez-Villafuertes R, Mellström B, Naranjo JR, Carafoli E, Brini M. Ca2+-activated nucleotidase 1, a novel target gene for the transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator), is involved in protein folding and degradation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:18478-91. [PMID: 22451650 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.304733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DREAM is a Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional repressor highly expressed in neuronal cells. A number of genes have already been identified as the target of its regulation. Targeted analysis performed on cerebella from transgenic mice expressing a dominant active DREAM mutant (daDREAM) showed a drastic reduction of the amount of transcript of Ca(2+)-activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi resident Ca(2+)-dependent nucleoside diphosphatase that has been suggested to have a role in glucosylation reactions related to the quality control of proteins in the ER and the Golgi apparatus. CANT1 down-regulation was also found in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably overexpressing wild type (wt) DREAM or daDREAM, thus providing a simple cell model to investigate the protein maturation pathway. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the down-regulation of CANT1 is associated with reduced protein secretion and increased degradation rates. Importantly, overexpression of wtDREAM or daDREAM augmented the expression of the EDEM1 gene, which encodes a key component of the ER-associated degradation pathway, suggesting an alternative pathway to enhanced protein degradation. Restoring CANT1 levels in neuroblastoma clones recovered the phenotype, thus confirming a key role of CANT1, and of the regulation of its gene by DREAM, in the control of protein synthesis and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tito Calì
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
NCX1 and NCX3: Two new effectors of delayed preconditioning in brain ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 45:616-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
48
|
Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger (NCX3) knock-out mice display an impairment in hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning and memory. J Neurosci 2011; 31:7312-21. [PMID: 21593315 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6296-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) depends on the coordinated regulation of an ensemble of proteins related to Ca(2+) homeostasis, including Ca(2+) transporters. One of the major players in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) homeostasis in neurons is the sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX), which represents the principal mechanism of Ca(2+) clearance in the synaptic sites of hippocampal neurons. Because NCX3, one of the three brain isoforms of the NCX family, is highly expressed in the hippocampal subfields involved in LTP, we hypothesized that it might represent a potential candidate for LTP modulation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined the effect of ncx3 gene ablation on NCX currents (I(NCX)) and Ca(2+) homeostasis in hippocampal neurons. ncx3(-/-) neurons displayed a reduced I(NCX), a higher basal level of [Ca(2+)](i), and a significantly delayed clearance of [Ca(2+)](i) following depolarization. Furthermore, measurement of field EPSPs, recorded from the CA1 area, revealed that ncx3(-/-) mice had an impaired basal synaptic transmission. Moreover, hippocampal slices from ncx3(-/-) mice exhibited a worsening in LTP compared with congenic ncx3(+/+). Consistently, immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis indicated that in the hippocampus of ncx3(-/-) mice both Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) expression and the phosphoCaMKIIα/CaMKIIα ratio were significantly reduced compared with ncx3(+/+). Interestingly, ncx3(-/-) mice displayed a reduced spatial learning and memory performance, as revealed by the novel object recognition, Barnes maze, and context-dependent fear conditioning assays. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the deletion of the ncx3 gene in mice has detrimental consequences on basal synaptic transmission, LTP regulation, spatial learning, and memory performance.
Collapse
|
49
|
Rivas M, Aurrekoetxea K, Mellström B, Naranjo JR. Redox signaling regulates transcriptional activity of the Ca2+-dependent repressor DREAM. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1237-43. [PMID: 20618065 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
DREAM/KChIP3 (Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator) is a multifunctional Ca(2+)-binding protein that acts in the nucleus as a Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional repressor. Binding to DNA and repressor activity of DREAM is regulated by Ca(2+), specific post-translational modifications as well as by protein-protein interactions with several nucleoproteins. Here, using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we characterized the interaction of DREAM with peroxiredoxin 3 (Prdx3), an antioxidant enzyme that uses the thioredoxin system as electron donor. Importantly, the DREAM/Prdx3 interaction is Ca(2+) dependent and is blocked by DTT. Coexpression of Prdx3 enhances DREAM binding to DRE sites and its repressor activity in vivo. Two cysteine residues in the N-terminal domain of DREAM are responsible for the redox modulation of its activity. Double Cys to Ser substitution results in a mutant DREAM with stronger repressor activity. Finally, we show that transient DREAM knockdown sensitizes PC12 cells to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, suggesting a protective role for DREAM against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rivas
- Dpto. Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ronkainen JJ, Hänninen SL, Korhonen T, Koivumäki JT, Skoumal R, Rautio S, Ronkainen VP, Tavi P. Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II represses cardiac transcription of the L-type calcium channel alpha(1C)-subunit gene (Cacna1c) by DREAM translocation. J Physiol 2011; 589:2669-86. [PMID: 21486818 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.201400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in the activity of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) induce a unique cardiomyocyte phenotype through the regulation of specific genes involved in excitation-contraction (E-C)-coupling. To explain the transcriptional effects of CaMKII we identified a novel CaMKII-dependent pathway for controlling the expression of the pore-forming α-subunit (Cav1.2) of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) in cardiac myocytes. We show that overexpression of either cytosolic (δC) or nuclear (δB) CaMKII isoforms selectively downregulate the expression of the Cav1.2. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII activity induced measurable changes in LTCC current density and subsequent changes in cardiomyocyte calcium signalling in less than 24 h. The effect of CaMKII on the α1C-subunit gene (Cacna1c) promoter was abolished by deletion of the downstream regulatory element (DRE), which binds transcriptional repressor DREAM/calsenilin/KChIP3. Imaging DREAM-GFP (green fluorescent protein)-expressing cardiomyocytes showed that CaMKII potentiates the calcium-induced nuclear translocation of DREAM. Thereby CaMKII increases DREAM binding to the DRE consensus sequence of the endogenous Cacna1c gene. By mathematical modelling we demonstrate that the LTCC downregulation through the Ca2+-CaMKII-DREAM cascade constitutes a physiological feedback mechanism enabling cardiomyocytes to adjust the calcium intrusion through LTCCs to the amount of intracellular calcium detected by CaMKII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko J Ronkainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Neulaniementie 2, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|