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Rose MF, Waldron BL, Isom SC, Peel MD, Thornton KJ, Miller RL, Rood KA, Hadfield JA, Long J, Henderson B, Creech JE. The effects of organic grass and grass-birdsfoot trefoil pastures on Jersey heifer development: Herbage characteristics affecting intake. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10879-10895. [PMID: 33934863 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low dietary energy and decreased intake of herbage have been attributed to the reduced performance of grazing dairy cattle. We hypothesized that grasses with inherently greater energy would interact in a complementary way with condensed tannins (CT) in birdsfoot trefoil to increase herbage intake by grazing dairy heifers. Eight pasture treatments comprising high-sugar perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann), and tall fescue [Schendonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort] were established in Lewiston, Utah as monocultures and binary mixtures with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; BFT). Pasture treatments were rotationally stocked by Jersey heifers for 105 d in 2017 and 2018, and herbage samples were collected pre- and postgrazing for each 7-d grazing period and analyzed for herbage mass, nutritive value, and apparent herbage intake. We observed differences among pasture treatments in herbage quantity and nutritive value, as well as differences in herbage intake by grazing Jersey heifers. On average, grass-BFT mixtures had greater herbage intake than grass monocultures, and every grass-BFT treatment individually had greater herbage intake than their respective grass monocultures. Using multivariate analyses, we determined that approximately 50% of the variation in herbage intake was due to nutritive and physical herbage characteristics, with the most explanatory being characteristics related to fiber and energy, followed by those related to the percent of BFT in the herbage. Grass monocultures exhibited a range of inherent dietary energy, but there was indication that an imbalance of energy to crude protein (e.g., protein deficient) reduced intake of grass monocultures. Moreover, there was some evidence of a complementary effect between increased dietary energy and CT; however, low CT levels made it impossible to determine the effect of CT on herbage intake per se. This study confirmed that chemical and physical characteristics inherent to different pasture species have a large effect on herbage intake by grazing cattle. Pastures planted to binary mixtures of nutritious grasses and birdsfoot trefoil increase herbage intake of temperate pastures by grazing Jersey heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus F Rose
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
| | - Blair L Waldron
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT 84322-6300.
| | - S Clay Isom
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Michael D Peel
- Forage and Range Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT 84322-6300
| | - Kara J Thornton
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Rhonda L Miller
- Applied Sciences, Technology and Education Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2300
| | - Kerry A Rood
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Jacob A Hadfield
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4815
| | - Jennifer Long
- Applied Sciences, Technology and Education Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2300
| | - Bracken Henderson
- Franklin County Office, University of Idaho Extension, Preston 83263
| | - J Earl Creech
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820
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O’Connor A, Moloney A, O’Kiely P, Boland T, McGee M. Effects of fertiliser nitrogen rate to spring grass on apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal fermentation and microbial nitrogen production in beef cattle and in vitro rumen fermentation and methane output. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Berthiaume R, Lafrenière C, Girard C, Campbell CP, Pivotto LM, Mandell IB. Effects of forage silage species on yearling growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and nutrient composition in a forage based beef production system. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Berthiaume, R., Lafrenière, C., Girard, C., Campbell, C. P., Pivotto, L. M. and Mandell, I. B. 2015. Effects of forage silage species on yearling growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and nutrient composition in a forage based beef production system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 173–187. Forty weaned, crossbred beef calves (predominantly Angus and Simmental) were forage-finished using all-silage diets (red clover–timothy versus tall fescue) to examine forage species’ effects on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and nutrient composition. Weaned calves (257 d of age) were forage-finished using red clover–timothy or tall fescue silage and harvested at approximately 1 yr of age. During carcass processing, one side from each carcass was covered with a polyliner to examine if reducing rates of chilling could compensate for limited fat cover expected from low dietary energy contents fed, and limited time on feed. Longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus steaks were aged 10, 14, and 21 d to examine effects on Warner–Bratzler shear force values while fatty acid and vitamin B12 composition were determined on 10-d-aged steaks. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weights, and longissimus muscle area were greater (P<0.03) when cattle were fed red clover–timothy versus tall fescue silage, most likely due to the higher protein content of red clover–timothy silage. Shear force was greater (P<0.002) in steaks from all muscles evaluated from cattle fed tall fescue versus red clover–timothy silage. In comparison to 10-d-aged steaks, 14 d of ageing were needed to reduce (P<0.001) shear force for longissimus steaks, while 21 d of ageing were needed to reduce (P<0.001) shear force for semitendinosus steaks. Use of a polyliner decreased (P=0.0001) the rate of temperature decline at selected carcass sites, but did not reduce shear force values. The percent of n-3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio were greater (P<0.04) in longissimus from cattle fed red clover–timothy versus feeding tall fescue silage. Feeding red clover–timothy silage improved growth performance, carcass, shear force, and fatty acid composition traits versus feeding tall fescue silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Berthiaume
- Valacta, 555 boul. des Anciens-Combattants, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3R4
| | - C. Lafrenière
- Université du Québec en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 79 rue Côté, Notre-Dame-du-Nord, Quebec, Canada J9X 3B0
| | - C. Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, P.O. Box 90 STN Lennoxville, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3
| | - C. P. Campbell
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - L. M. Pivotto
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Mitchell, Ontario, Canada N0K 1N0
| | - I. B. Mandell
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Comparison of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch in combination with 25, 50, or 75% tall fescue in a continuous-culture system1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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