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Zhang H, Hou X, Qiao J, Lin J. Determination of 241Am in Environmental Samples: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144536. [PMID: 35889408 PMCID: PMC9315525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of 241Am in the environment is of importance in monitoring its release and assessing its environmental impact and radiological risk. This paper aims to give an overview about the recent developments and the state-of-art analytical methods for 241Am determination in environmental samples. Thorough discussions are given in this paper covering a wide range of aspects, including sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration methods, chemical separation techniques, source preparation, radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, speciation analyses, and tracer applications. The paper focuses on some hyphenated separation methods based on different chromatographic resins, which have been developed to achieve high analytical efficiency and sample throughput for the determination of 241Am. The performances of different radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques for 241Am are evaluated and compared. Tracer applications of 241Am in the environment, including speciation analyses of 241Am, and applications in nuclear forensics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianfeng Lin
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
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2
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Radioanalytical chemistry for nuclear forensics in China: Progress and future perspective. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Rapid separation of americium from complex matrices using solvent impregnated triazine extraction chromatography resins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Varga Z, Nicholl A, Zsigrai J, Wallenius M, Mayer K. Methodology for the Preparation and Validation of Plutonium Age Dating Materials. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4019-4024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Varga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adrian Nicholl
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jozsef Zsigrai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Wallenius
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sturm M, Richter S, Aregbe Y, Wellum R, Prohaska T. Optimized Chemical Separation and Measurement by TE TIMS Using Carburized Filaments for Uranium Isotope Ratio Measurements Applied to Plutonium Chronometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6223-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sturm
- Department
of Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephan Richter
- European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Yetunde Aregbe
- European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Roger Wellum
- European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department
of Chemistry, VIRIS Laboratory, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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Varga Z, Nicholl A, Wallenius M, Mayer K. Plutonium age dating (production date measurement) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016; 307:1919-1926. [PMID: 27003957 PMCID: PMC4779457 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes rapid methods for the determination of the production date (age dating) of plutonium (Pu) materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for nuclear forensic and safeguards purposes. One of the presented methods is a rapid, direct measurement without chemical separation using 235U/239Pu and 236U/240Pu chronometers. The other method comprises a straightforward extraction chromatographic separation, followed by ICP-MS measurement for the 234U/238Pu, 235U/239Pu, 236U/240Pu and 238U/242Pu chronometers. Age dating results of two plutonium certified reference materials (SRM 946 and 947, currently distributed as NBL CRM 136 and 137) are in good agreement with the archive purification dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Varga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adrian Nicholl
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Wallenius
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Alamelu D, Aggarwal SK. Determining the age and history of plutonium using isotope correlations and experimentally determined data on isotopic abundances of plutonium and 241Am. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Miyamoto Y, Suzuki D, Esaka F, Magara M. Accurate purification age determination of individual uranium–plutonium mixed particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Evaluation of chronometers in plutonium age determination for nuclear forensics: What if the ‘Pu/U clocks’ do not match? J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yi X, Yu G, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li M, Dang H. A simple and economic method for accurate determination of the energy peak efficiency of 208 keV γ-ray of 237U based on 241Pu/237U secular equilibrium. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-2937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Mayer K, Wallenius M, Varga Z. Nuclear Forensic Science: Correlating Measurable Material Parameters to the History of Nuclear Material. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mayer
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340,
76125 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maria Wallenius
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340,
76125 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Zsolt Varga
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340,
76125 Karlsruhe Germany
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13
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Miyamoto Y, Yasuda K, Magara M, Kimura T, Usuda S. Sequential Separation of U, Th, Pb, and Lanthanides with a Single Anion-Exchange Column. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.14494/jnrs.10.2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Miyamoto
- Research Group for Analytical Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
| | - Kenichiro Yasuda
- Research Group for Analytical Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
| | - Masaaki Magara
- Research Group for Analytical Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
| | - Takaumi Kimura
- Research Group for Analytical Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
| | - Shigekazu Usuda
- Research Group for Analytical Sciences, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA
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