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Maier AC, Jonsson M. Pd‐Catalyzed Surface Reactions of Importance in Radiation Induced Dissolution of Spent Nuclear Fuel Involving H
2. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Carolin Maier
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SE-10044 Sweden
| | - Mats Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SE-10044 Sweden
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2
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Pellegrini KL, Soderquist CZ, Shen SD, Krogstad EJ, Palmer CJ, Gerez KR, Buck EC, Lach TG, Schwantes JM, Clark RA. Chemical and Isotopic Characterization of Noble Metal Phase from Commercial UO 2 Fuel. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6522-6529. [PMID: 31018634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report elemental and isotopic analysis for the noble metal fission product phase found in irradiated nuclear fuel. The noble metal phase was isolated from three commercial irradiated UO2 fuels by chemically dissolving the UO2 fuel matrix, leaving the noble metal phase as the undissolved residue. Macro amounts of this residue were dissolved using a KOH + KNO3 fusion and then chemically separated into individual elements for analysis by mass spectrometry. Though the composition of this phase has been previously reported, this work is the most comprehensive chemical analysis of the isolated noble metal phase to date. We report both elemental and isotopic abundances of the five major components of the noble metal phase (Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd). In addition, we report a sixth element present in high quantities in this phase, tellurium. Tellurium appears to be an integral component of noble metal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Pellegrini
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Chuck Z Soderquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Steve D Shen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Eirik J Krogstad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Camille J Palmer
- Oregon State University , 116 Radiation Center , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Kyzer R Gerez
- Oregon State University , 116 Radiation Center , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Edgar C Buck
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Timothy G Lach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Jon M Schwantes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Richard A Clark
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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Espriu-Gascon A, Llorca J, Domínguez M, Giménez J, Casas I, de Pablo J. Oxidation by H2O(g) in the presence of H2(g) of UO2 doped with Pd nanoparticles. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Rudisill TS, Olson LC, DiPrete DP. Characterization of undissolved solids from the dissolution of North Anna reactor fuel. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1288138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Rudisill
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - L. C. Olson
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | - D. P. DiPrete
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
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Childs BC, Lawler KV, Braband H, Mast DS, Bigler L, Stalder U, Peterson DR, Jansen A, Forster PM, Czerwinski KR, Alberto R, Sattelberger AP, Poineau F. The Nature of the Technetium Species Formed During the Oxidation of Technetium Dioxide with Oxygen and Water. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C. Childs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Keith V. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry University of Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Daniel S. Mast
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry University of Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Urs Stalder
- Department of Chemistry University of Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Derek R. Peterson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Arizona 85721 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Alek Jansen
- Integrated Science Program Northwestern University 60208 Evanston IL USA
| | - Paul M. Forster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Kenneth R. Czerwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry University of Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alfred P. Sattelberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Lemont IL USA
| | - Frederic Poineau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154 Las Vegas NV USA
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Metz V, Geckeis H, González-Robles E, Loida A, Bube C, Kienzler B. Radionuclide behaviour in the near-field of a geological repository for spent nuclear fuel. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Even though chemical processes related to the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geological repository are of complex nature, knowledge on underlying mechanisms has very much improved over the last years. As a major result of numerous studies it turns out that alteration of irradiated fuel is significantly inhibited under the strongly reducing conditions induced by container corrosion and consecutive H2 production. In contrast to earlier results, radiolysis driven fuel corrosion and oxidative dissolution appears to be less relevant for most repository concepts. The protective hydrogen effect on corrosion of irradiated fuel has been evidenced in many experiments. Still, open questions remain related to the exact mechanism and the impact of potentially interfering naturally occurring groundwater trace components. Container corrosion products are known to offer considerable reactive surface area in addition to engineered buffer and backfill material. In combination, waste form, container corrosion products and backfill material represent strong barriers for radionuclide retention and retardation and thus attenuate radionuclide release from the repository near-field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Metz
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - H. Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - E. González-Robles
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A. Loida
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - C. Bube
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - B. Kienzler
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Ferrier M, Poineau F, Jarvinen GD, Czerwinski KR. Chemical and electrochemical behavior of metallic technetium in acidic media. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Puranen A, Jansson M, Jonsson M. A study on the immobilization of selenium oxyanions by H2/Pd(s) in aqueous solution: confirmation of the one-electron reduction barrier of selenate. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2010; 116:16-23. [PMID: 20537758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element of concern in several geochemical contexts, due to the potentially high mobility of the selenium oxyanions and the narrow range between deficiency and toxicity of the element. For high level nuclear waste repositories the long-lived fission product 79Se has been identified as a potential key dose contributor for the long-term safety. This paper deals with the catalytic effect of Pd(s) on the H2 reduction of selenium oxyanions which was studied experimentally in aqueous solutions containing bicarbonate and chloride. Pd-catalysts and hydrogen have been proposed for the remediation of various groundwater contaminants and can also serve as a model substance for catalytic noble metal inclusions present in spent nuclear fuel. In this study selenite (SeO3(2)--) was found to adsorb on Pd. In the presence of hydrogen the rate of selenite removal increased yielding elemental Se. However, no adsorption or reduction of selenate (SeO4(2)--) was observed. A simple radiation chemical experiment revealed a notable barrier towards stepwise one-electron reduction of selenate to selenite. This provides an explanation for the lower reactivity of selenate in systems where reductive immobilization of selenite as well as selenate is thermodynamically favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Puranen
- KTH Chemical Science and Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Spahiu K, Devoy J, Cui D, Lundström M. The reduction of U(VI) by near field hydrogen in the presence of UO2(s). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2007. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.9.597.54985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
In several recent works a large impact of dissolved hydrogen on spent fuel dissolution has been observed: the solution concentrations of all redox sensitive components of the spent fuel decrease with time, while gas phase analyses indicate levels of radiolytic oxygen below the detection limit. This indicates that at the relatively low temperatures of these studies (≤70 °C) hydrogen is activated. The aim of this study is to test one of the proposed mechanisms for hydrogen activation, namely by UO2(s) surfaces, which may act as hydrogen catalysts. Dissolved U(VI) carbonate species were used as oxidized species in order to test the reducing ability of hydrogen in the presence and absence of UO2(s). In most cases parallel experiments with the same conditions, but under Ar(g) atmosphere were carried out as blanks. Quartz lined autoclaves avoiding any contact of the solution with metallic parts were used. The experiments were carried out in two stages: first the stability of the (10-7-10-5) M U(VI) in 10 mM NaCl, 2 mM NaHCO3 solutions in the presence of dissolved hydrogen was tested. Then a gold net basket containing UO2(s) fragments was introduced in the autoclave and the concentration of U(VI) was followed at different time intervals by ICP-MS. Various dissolved hydrogen concentrations, temperatures and U(VI) concentrations were used, always spanning the range of these parameters in a proposed deep rock repository. Especially at the lowest U(VI) concentrations tested (∼100 ppb) the activation of dissolved hydrogen by UO2(s) surfaces is clearly visible. As a conclusion of this work it may be stated that in the temperature range (20-70 °C) investigated a) dissolved hydrogen does not reduce U(VI) carbonate species in the absence of a catalyst and b) in the presence of UO2(s) surfaces dissolved hydrogen reduces U(VI) in carbonate solutions, very probably to UO2(s).
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