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Luchnikov VA, Saito Y, Delmotte L, Dentzer J, Denys E, Malesys V, Josien L, Simon L, Gree S. Self-Assembly of Soot Nanoparticles on the Surface of Resistively Heated Carbon Microtubes in Near-Hexagonal Arrays of Micropyramids. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1906-1915. [PMID: 36513374 PMCID: PMC9933883 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Almost regular hexagonal arrays of microscopic pyramids consisting of soot nanoparticles are formed on the surface of graphitized hollow filaments, which are resistively heated to ∼1800-2400 °C under an Ar atmosphere containing trace amounts of oxygen (∼300 ppm). At higher temperatures (T > 2300 °C, approximately) the soot particles are represented mainly by multishell carbon nano-onions. The height and width of the pyramids are strongly dependent on the temperature of the resistive heating, diminishing from 5 to 10 μm at T ≈ 1800 °C to ∼1 μm at 2300-2400 °C. Quasi-hexagonal arrays of the micropyramids are organized in the convex "craters" on the surface of the microtubes, which grow with the time of the thermal treatment. The pyramids always point normally to the surface of the craters, except at the boundaries between the craters, where the normal direction is not well-defined. The pyramids are soft and can be easily destroyed by touching them but can be hardened by heating them under an oxygen-free atmosphere. The pyramids are observed only on the exterior surface of the microtubes, not on their inner surface. This suggests that the thermophoretic force generated by a strong temperature gradient near the external surface of the tubes may be the cause of the micropyramid formation. Electrostatic charging of the soot nanoparticles due to thermionic emission may also be relevant to this phenomenon. The micropyramids can function as field emission point sources, as demonstrated with the use of a micronanoprobing station, mounted in a scanning electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukie Saito
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
| | - Luc Delmotte
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Joseph Dentzer
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Emmanuel Denys
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Vincent Malesys
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Ludovic Josien
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Laurent Simon
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
| | - Simon Gree
- Université
de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, MulhouseF-68057, France
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Niessner R. The Many Faces of Soot: Characterization of Soot Nanoparticles Produced by Engines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12366-79. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Niessner R. Die vielen Gesichter von Ruß: Charakterisierung verbrennungsmotorischer Ruß-Nanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen H, McGrath T, Diebold G. Laserchemie in Suspensionen: neue Produkte und ungewöhnliche Reaktionsbedingungen der Kohlenstoff-Wasserdampf-Reaktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971090156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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