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Böhm R, Holtmann-Klenner C, Korn L, Santana AP, Betsch C. Behavioral determinants of antibiotic resistance: The role of social information. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:757-775. [PMID: 35103398 PMCID: PMC9544926 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The increasing development of resistant pathogens is one of the greatest global health challenges. As antibiotic overuse amplifies antibiotic resistance, antibiotic intake poses a social dilemma in which individuals need to decide whether to prosocially reduce their intake in the collective interest versus to (over)use it even in case of mild diseases. We devise a novel behavioral game paradigm to model the social dilemma of antibiotic intake. Using this new method in an incentivized laboratory experiment (N = 272 German participants), we varied whether players had mutual knowledge about their antibiotic intake. The results indicate that there was substantial antibiotic overuse in the absence of social information. Overuse decreased when social information was present. Our postexperimental survey data further suggest that social information impacts people's behavioral motivation, evaluation of the other player, and positive affect. Taken together, providing social information about people's antibiotic intake may help in reducing antibiotic overuse. On a more general level, the novel behavioral game may be adapted to study other aspects of antibiotic intake to promote prudent use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cindy Holtmann-Klenner
- Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences (CEREB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Korn
- Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences (CEREB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ana Paula Santana
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences (CEREB), University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.,Health Communication, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
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Rau R, Lawless DesJardins NM, Niemeyer LM, Back MD, Srivastava S, Nestler S. Perceiver Effects in First Impressions Reflect Generalized Stereotypes: Evidence of Consistency Across Time, Groups, and Contexts. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211066710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In interpersonal perception, perceivers’ tendencies for judging the average target (perceiver effects) are commonly assumed to reflect generalized stereotypes about “the other.” This is empirically supported by findings of consistent rank-orders of perceiver effects across measurement occasions, but previous studies could not rule out important alternative explanations for consistency. Here, we present a strict test of the generalized stereotype account in two studies ( ns 146 and 295) in which participants provided mutual impressions in distinct, uniquely composed groups. Results reveal that perceiver effects are quite consistent on the level of global evaluation and acquiescence but less consistent on the level of specific trait- or item-content. The finding that perceivers who saw others in globally positive or negative ways in one situation also saw other targets in similar ways in entirely different situations across time, groups, and contexts is strong evidence for the generalized stereotype account and has vital implications.
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