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Das M, Sloan AJ. Stem cell sources from human biological waste material: a role for the umbilical cord and dental pulp stem cells for regenerative medicine. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00922-6. [PMID: 37273175 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research with biological waste material is an area that holds promise to revolutionize treatment modalities and clinical practice. The interest in surgical remnants is increasing with time as research on human embryonic stem cells remains controversial due to legal and ethical issues. Perhaps, these restrictions are the motivation for the use of alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources in the regenerative field. Stem cells (SCs) of Umbilical Cord (UC) and Dental Pulp (DP) have almost similar biological characteristics to other MSCs and can differentiate into a number of cell lineages with enormous potential future prospects. A concise critical observation of UC-MSCs and DP-MSCs is presented here reviewing articles from the last two decades along with other stem cell sources from different biological waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Das
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.
- , No. 2 Durganagar, Sripally, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal, 741222, India.
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Melbourne Dental School, Level 4, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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2
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Smith MJ, Finch-Edmondson M, Miller SL, Webb A, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Paton MCB, McDonald CA. Acceptability of neural stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy: survey of the Australian cerebral palsy community. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 36737828 PMCID: PMC9898914 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to engraft and replace damaged brain tissue, repairing the damaged neonatal brain that causes cerebral palsy (CP). There are procedures that could increase engraftment of NSCs and may be critical for efficacy, but hold notable risks. Before clinical trials progress, it is important to engage with the CP community to understand their opinions. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability of NSC therapy for CP in the CP community. METHODS Australian residents with CP and parents/carers of those with CP completed a questionnaire to determine their willingness to use NSCs from three sources (fetal, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells) and their willingness to undergo accompanying procedures (neurosurgery, immunosuppression) that carry potential risks. To further explore their views, participants also answered free text questions about their ethical concerns regarding the source of NSCs and their perceptions of meaningful outcomes following NSC treatment. RESULTS In total, 232 responses were analyzed. Participants were willing to use NSCs from all three cell sources and were willing to undergo NSC therapy despite the need for neurosurgery and immunosuppression. Participants identified a range of outcome domains considered important following NSC treatment including gross motor function, quality of life, independence and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Hypothetical NSC therapy was acceptable to the Australian CP community. This study has identified important findings from the CP community which can be used to inform future NSC research, including the design of clinical trials which may help to increase recruitment, compliance and participant satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Smith
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834X Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Annabel Webb
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834X Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Madison Claire Badawy Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC Australia
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Stem Cells: A Historical Review about Biological, Religious, and Ethical Issues. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9978837. [PMID: 34012469 PMCID: PMC8105090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9978837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells or regenerate organs and have broadened our knowledge of the development and progression of certain diseases. Despite significant advances in understanding stem cell biology, several problems limit their use. These problems are related not only to the growth of tumors in animal models and their rejection in transplant cases but also to ethical and social issues about the use of embryonic cells. The ethical-scientific debate on this type of cells has taken on great interest both for their application in regenerative medicine and for the potential possibilities in the field of cell and gene therapy. Different points of view often have the expression of a perception that depends on scientific goals or opportunities or on religious traditions and beliefs. Therefore, as the questions and doubts about when life begins, so do the answers for the use of these cells as therapy or otherwise. So, in addition to the origin of stem cells, there are currently some social bioethical (such as political and legislative issues) and religious dilemmas. The purpose of the study is aimed at being a narrative on the history of stem cells and the evolution of their use to date, as well as to clarify the bioethical position of the various religions today in comparison with the social ones regarding the research and use of embryonic and adult ones. Hence, their biological hypostasis regarding the concepts of “conception” and “fertilization” and their development and therapeutic use compared to those of the main theological doctrines.
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Ahamad N, Singh BB. Calcium channels and their role in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:260-280. [PMID: 33959218 PMCID: PMC8080543 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold indefinite self-renewable capability that can be differentiated into all desired cell types. Based on their plasticity potential, they are divided into totipotent (morula stage cells), pluripotent (embryonic stem cells), multipotent (hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent adult progenitor stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]), and unipotent (progenitor cells that differentiate into a single lineage) cells. Though bone marrow is the primary source of multipotent stem cells in adults, other tissues such as adipose tissues, placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp also harbor stem cells that can be used for regenerative therapy. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cells also exhibit fundamental properties of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells, and thus could be another source for regenerative medicine. Several diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, virus infection (also coronavirus disease 2019) have limited success with conventional medicine, and stem cell transplantation is assumed to be the best therapy to treat these disorders. Importantly, MSCs, are by far the best for regenerative medicine due to their limited immune modulation and adequate tissue repair. Moreover, MSCs have the potential to migrate towards the damaged area, which is regulated by various factors and signaling processes. Recent studies have shown that extracellular calcium (Ca2+) promotes the proliferation of MSCs, and thus can assist in transplantation therapy. Ca2+ signaling is a highly adaptable intracellular signal that contains several components such as cell-surface receptors, Ca2+ channels/pumps/exchangers, Ca2+ buffers, and Ca2+ sensors, which together are essential for the appropriate functioning of stem cells and thus modulate their proliferative and regenerative capacity, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassem Ahamad
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
| | - Brij B Singh
- School of Dentistry, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78257, United States
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Afshar L, Aghayan HR, Sadighi J, Arjmand B, Hashemi SM, Basiri M, Samani RO, Ashtiani MK, Azin SA, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Gooshki ES, Hamidieh AA, Rezania Moallem MR, Azin SM, Shariatinasab S, Soleymani-Goloujeh M, Baharvand H. Ethics of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine: ethical guidelines in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32928295 PMCID: PMC7489032 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine plays a major role in biomedicine, and given the ever-expanding boundaries of this knowledge, numerous ethical considerations have been raised. MAIN TEXT Rapid advancement of regenerative medicine science and technology in Iran, emerged the Iranian National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research to develop a comprehensive national ethical guideline. Therefore, the present ethical guideline which comprises eleven chapters was developed in 2019 and approved in early 2020. The titles of these chapters were selected based on the ethical considerations of various aspects of the field of regenerative medicine: (1) ethical principles of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine; (2) ethical considerations for research on stem cells (embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells, stem cells derived from transdifferentiation, induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs], germline pluripotent stem cells, germline stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear transfer [SCNT] stem cells); (3) ethical considerations for research on somatic cells in regenerative medicine (adult somatic cells, fetal tissue somatic cells, and somatic cells derived from pregnancy products [other than fetus]); (4) ethical considerations for research on gametes in regenerative medicine; (5) ethical considerations for research related to genetic manipulation (human and animal) in regenerative medicine; (6) ethical considerations for research on tissue engineering in regenerative medicine; (7) ethical considerations for pre-clinical studies in regenerative medicine; (8) ethical considerations for clinical trials in regenerative medicine; (9) ethical considerations for stem cells and regenerative medicine bio-banks; (10) ethical considerations for privacy and confidentiality; and (11) ethical considerations for obtaining informed consent. CONCLUSION This article discusses the process of developing the present ethical guidelines and its practical points. We hope that it can play an important worldwide role in advancing ethics of research on stem cells and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Afshar
- Department of Medical Ethics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Aghayan
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Sadighi
- Department of Health Promotion, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Ressalat highway,1665659911, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Omani Samani
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ali Azin
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric cell therapy research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rezania Moallem
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Azin
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shariatinasab
- Department of Medical Ethics and Law, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleymani-Goloujeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Ressalat highway,1665659911, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem Sq., Banihashem St., Ressalat highway,1665659911, P.O. Box: 16635-148, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Tabba' A, Dajani R, Al-Hussaini M. Stem Cell Statute in Jordan: Leading the Way. Front Genet 2020; 11:657. [PMID: 32765577 PMCID: PMC7379862 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells in research has caused much controversy and ethical dilemma. The primary source of stem cells is human embryos, a source which has been confronted with objections based on ethical, moral, and religious positions. Jordan has passed the first of its-kind Statute in the region, aiming at regulating the use of stem cells both for therapeutic and research purposes. The Statute adopted a regulatory approach between the restrictive and intermediate. The Statute, however, pays more attention to stem cell banking in many of its articles. Many critical aspects in regulating stem cell research activities are overlooked. This is including but not limited to the process of informed consent, protecting privacy, maintaining confidentiality, the need for a national entity responsible for regulating embryonic stem cell (ESC) research, and requirements of monitoring activity. The authors recommend further review of the current Statute in light of the deficiencies discussed so as to develop a more comprehensive and coherent Statute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Tabba'
- Office of Human Research Protection Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Jepson School of Leadership, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Office of Human Research Protection Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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Therapeutic abortion and ectopic pregnancy: alternative sources for fetal stem cell research and therapy in Iran as an Islamic country. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 20:11-24. [PMID: 30535614 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine as a background of stem cell research and therapy has a long history. A wide variety of diseases including Parkinson's disease, heart diseases, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, diabetes mellitus and etc. are candidate to be treated using different types of stem cells. There are several sources of stem cells such as bone marrow, umbilical cord, peripheral blood, germ cells and the embryo/fetus tissues. Fetal stem cells (FSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been described as the most potent stem cell source. Although their pluri- or multipotent properties leads to promising reports for their clinical applications, owning to some ethical and legal obstacles in different communities such as Muslim countries, care should be taken for therapeutic applications of FSCs and ESCs. Derivation of these cell types needs termination of pregnancy and embryo or fetus life that is prohibited according to almost all rules and teaches in Muslim communities. Abortion and termination of pregnancy under a normal condition for the procurement of stem cell materials is forbidden by nearly all the major world religions such as Islam. Legislated laws in the most of Muslim countries permit termination of pregnancy and abortion only when the life of the mother is severely threatened or when continuing pregnancy may lead to the birth of a mentally retarded, genetically or anatomically malformed child. Based on the rules and conditions in Islamic countries, finding an alternative and biologically normal source for embryonic or fetal stem cell isolation will be too difficult. On the one hand, Muslim scientists have the feasibility for finding of genetically and anatomically normal embryonic or fetal stem cell sources for research or therapy, but on the other hand they should adhere to the law and related regional and local rules in all parts of their investigation. The authors suggest that the utilization of ectopic pregnancy (EP) conceptus, extra-embryonic tissues, and therapeutic abortion materials as a valuable source of stem cells for research and medical purposes can overcome limitations associated with finding the appropriate stem cell source. Pregnancy termination because of the mentioned subjects is accepted by almost all Islamic laws because of maternal lifesaving. Also, there are no ethical or legal obstacles in the use of extra-embryonic or EP derived tissues which lead to candidate FSCs as a valuable source for stem cell researches and therapeutic applications.
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Lee TE, Kim A, Jang M, Jeon B. Underregistration and Underreporting of Stem Cell Clinical Trials in Neurological Disorders. J Clin Neurol 2018; 14:215-224. [PMID: 29629526 PMCID: PMC5897206 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Research on stem cells (SC) is growing rapidly in neurology, but clinical applications of SC for neurological disorders remain to be proven effective and safe. Human clinical trials need to be registered in registries in order to reduce publication bias and selective reporting. Methods We searched three databases—clinicaltrials.gov, the Clinical Research Information System (CRIS), and PubMed—for neurologically relevant SC-based human trials and articles in Korea. The registration of trials, posting and publication of results, and registration of published SC articles were examined. Results There were 17 completed trials registered at clinicaltrials.gov and the CRIS website, with results articles having been published for 5 of them. Our study found 16 publications, of which 1 was a review article, 1 was a protocol article, and 8 contained registered trial information. Conclusions Many registered SC trials related to neurological disorders are not reported, while many SC-related publications are not registered in a public registry. These results support the presence of biased reporting and publication bias in SC trials related to neurological disorders in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Lee
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aryun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihee Jang
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Departments of Neurology and Movement Disorder Center, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Illes J, Sipp D, Kleiderman E, Benjaminy S, Isasi R, Lomax G, Master Z, McCormick J, Ogbogu U, Ravitsky V, Robillard JM, Rossi F, Wilson B, Zarzeczny A. A blueprint for the next generation of ELSI research, training, and outreach in regenerative medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 2:21. [PMID: 29302357 PMCID: PMC5677945 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has attracted the interest of scientists, physicians, and patient communities, and as well as policy-makers and the broader public given related ethical, legal, and social implications. Here we examine past initiatives in the ethical, legal and social implications arena in regenerative medicine, and offer our views on actionable priorities for the future in six key areas: capacity building, policy, engagement with industry, resaerch ethics, communication, and community building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Illes
- National Core for Neuroethics, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Douglas Sipp
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio Global Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Kleiderman
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shelly Benjaminy
- National Core for Neuroethics and Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Rosario Isasi
- John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Geoff Lomax
- California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Zubin Master
- Alden March Bioethics Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY USA
| | - Jennifer McCormick
- Department of Humanities, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - Ubaka Ogbogu
- Faculties of Law and Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Vardit Ravitsky
- Bioethics Program, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Julie M Robillard
- National Core for Neuroethics, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Brenda Wilson
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Amy Zarzeczny
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Regina, Regina, SK Canada
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Media portrayal of stem cell research: towards a normative model for science communication. Asian Bioeth Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41649-017-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Stem cell culture and differentiation in microfluidic devices toward organ-on-a-chip. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO187. [PMID: 28670476 PMCID: PMC5481871 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip provides a new platform with unique advantages to mimic complex physiological microenvironments in vivo and has been increasingly exploited to stem cell research. In this review, we highlight recent advances of microfluidic devices for stem cell culture and differentiation toward the development of organ-on-a-chip, especially with an emphasis on vital innovations within the last 2 years. Various aspects for improving on-chip stem-cell culture and differentiation, particularly toward organ-on-a-chip, are discussed, along with microenvironment control, surface modification, extracellular scaffolds, high throughput and stimuli. The combination of microfluidic technologies and stem cells hold great potential toward versatile systems of ‘organ-on-a-chip’ as desired.
Adapted with permission from [1–8]. Stem cells, capable of self-renewing and differentiating into cells of various tissue types, are drawing more and more attention for their enormous potential in many clinically associated applications that include drug screening, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Conventional cell culture methods, however, have proven to be difficult to mimic in vivo like microenvironments and to provide a number of well-controlled stimuli that are critical for stem cell culture and differentiation. In contrast, microfluidic devices offer new capacities and unique advantages to mimic complex physiological microenvironments in vivo, and has been increasingly applied to stem cell research.
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Conclusion. Stem Cell Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315152943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Bibliography. Stem Cell Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315152943-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Mouka A, Tachdjian G, Dupont J, Drévillon L, Tosca L. In Vitro Gamete Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Promising Therapy for Infertility. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:509-21. [PMID: 26873432 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of gametes derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells holds promising prospects for future reproductive applications. Indeed, it provides information on molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying germ cell (GC) development and could offer a new potential treatment for infertility. Great progress has been made in derivation of gametes from embryonic stem cells, despite ethical issues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology allows the reprogramming of a differentiated somatic cell, possibly emanating from the patient, into a pluripotent state. With the emergence of iPSCs, several studies created primordial GC stage to mature gamete-like cells in vitro in mice and humans. Recent findings in GC derivation suggest that in mice, functional gametes can be generated in vitro. This strengthens the idea that it might be possible in the future to generate functional human sperm and oocytes from pluripotent stem cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Mouka
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- 3 Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Nouzilly, France
| | - Loïc Drévillon
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- 1 AP-HP, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud , Clamart, France .,2 Université Paris-Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
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Master Z, McDonald M, Paciulli D, Longstaff H. A Primer on Ethics Education for Stem Cell and Biomedical Scientists. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghosh D, Mehta N, Patil A, Sengupta J. Ethical issues in biomedical use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrhm.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ellis CE, Korbutt GS. Justifying clinical trials for porcine islet xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2016; 22:336-44. [PMID: 26381492 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of the Edmonton Protocol encouraged a great deal of optimism that a cell-based cure for type I diabetes could be achieved. However, donor organ shortages prevent islet transplantation from being a widespread solution as the supply cannot possibly equal the demand. Porcine islet xenotransplantation has the potential to address these shortages, and recent preclinical and clinical trials show promising scientific support. Consequently, it is important to consider whether the current science meets the ethical requirements for moving toward clinical trials. Despite the potential risks and the scientific unknowns that remain to be investigated, there is optimism regarding the xenotransplantation of some types of tissue, and enough evidence has been gathered to ethically justify clinical trials for the most safe and advanced area of research, porcine islet transplantation. Researchers must make a concerted effort to maintain a positive image for xenotransplantation, as a few well-publicized failed trials could irrevocably damage public perception of xenotransplantation. Because all of society carries the burden of risk, it is important that the public be involved in the decision to proceed. As new information from preclinical and clinical trials develops, policy decisions should be frequently updated. If at any point evidence shows that islet xenotransplantation is unsafe, then clinical trials will no longer be justified and they should be halted. However, as of now, the expected benefit of an unlimited supply of islets, combined with adequate informed consent, justifies clinical trials for islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Ellis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Benjaminy S, Lo C, Illes J. Social Responsibility in Stem Cell Research - Is the News All Bad? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:269-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Habets MGJL, van Delden JJM, Bredenoord AL. Studying the lay of the land: views and experiences of professionals in the translational pluripotent stem cell field. Regen Med 2015; 11:63-71. [PMID: 26679636 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The inherent uncertainty of first-in-human trials, combined with the technical complexity of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), makes early phase PSC studies ethically challenging. Conducting parallel bioethics research based on experiences and views of professionals in the stem cell field is therefore important. MATERIALS & METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with various stakeholders to get a lay of the land of ethical issues professionals find relevant to the translation of PSCs. RESULTS We identified four themes in the interviews: the uniqueness of PSCs, the suitability of the current research paradigm, the justification for early phase PSC studies and the involvement of patients and research participants. CONCLUSION We conclude that a debate should take place discussing the suitability of the current research paradigm for translational PSC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G J L Habets
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Primary Care & Health Services, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J M van Delden
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Primary Care & Health Services, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Primary Care & Health Services, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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