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Zhai S, Otsuka S, Xu J, Clarke VRJ, Tkatch T, Wokosin D, Xie Z, Tanimura A, Agarwal HK, Ellis-Davies GCR, Contractor A, Surmeier DJ. Ca 2+ -dependent phosphodiesterase 1 regulates the plasticity of striatal spiny projection neuron glutamatergic synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590962. [PMID: 38712260 PMCID: PMC11071484 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic synapses on striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) is central to learning goal-directed behaviors and habits. Although considerable attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying synaptic strengthening and new learning, little scrutiny has been given to those involved in the attenuation of synaptic strength that attends suppression of a previously learned association. Our studies revealed a novel, non-Hebbian, long-term, postsynaptic depression of glutamatergic SPN synapses induced by interneuronal nitric oxide (NO) signaling (NO-LTD) that was preferentially engaged at quiescent synapses. This form of plasticity was gated by local Ca 2+ influx through CaV1.3 Ca 2+ channels and stimulation of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), which degraded cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and blunted NO signaling. Consistent with this model, mice harboring a gain-of-function mutation in the gene coding for the pore-forming subunit of CaV1.3 channels had elevated depolarization-induced dendritic Ca 2+ entry and impaired NO-LTD. Extracellular uncaging of glutamate and intracellular uncaging of cGMP suggested that this Ca 2+ -dependent regulation of PDE1 activity allowed for local regulation of dendritic NO signaling. This inference was supported by simulation of SPN dendritic integration, which revealed that dendritic spikes engaged PDE1 in a branch-specific manner. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), NO-LTD was absent not because of a postsynaptic deficit in NO signaling machinery, but rather due to impaired interneuronal NO release. Re-balancing intrastriatal neuromodulatory signaling in the PD model restored NO release and NO-LTD. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms governing NO-LTD in SPN and its role in psychomotor disorders, like PD.
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Sani G, Kotzalidis GD, Fiaschè F, Manfredi G, Ghaemi SN. Second messengers and their importance for novel drug treatments of patients with bipolar disorder. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:736-752. [PMID: 36786113 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2119073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Second messenger systems, like the cyclic nucleotide, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, phosphoinositide, and arachidonic acid cascades, are involved in bipolar disorder (BD). We investigated their role on the development of novel therapeutic drugs using second messenger mechanisms. PubMed search and narrative review. We used all relevant keywords for each second messenger cascade combining it with BD and related terms and combined all with novel/innovative treatments/drugs. Our search produced 31 papers most were reviews, and focussed on the PI3K/AKT-GSK-3β/Nrf2-NF-ĸB pathways. Only two human randomized clinical trials were identified, of ebselen, an antioxidant, and celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, both with poor unsatisfactory results. Despite the fact that all second messenger systems are involved in the pathophysiology of BD, there are few experiments with novel drugs using these mechanisms. These mechanisms are a neglected and potentially major opportunity to transform the treatment of bipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Fiaschè
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,ASL Rieti, Servizio Psichiatrico Diagnosi e Cura, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Rieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Nassir Ghaemi
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Lecturer on Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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