Relationship Between Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at estimating the association between perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and some of the cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search was conducted from January 1980 up to and including 2022 to identify studies that examined the relationship between PVAT and cardiovascular risk factors as obesity and its indices, hypertension, lipids, and glucose intolerance/diabetes. The Medline and Embase databases were searched using the PubMed and Scopus. Data were extracted from 23 studies that fit the criteria. To conduct meta-analysis, we used an approximation of equating the method of correlating assessment because different authors used either Pearson or Spearman correlation. Interrelations of PVAT and body mass index were analyzed in eight studies. Most studies revealed reliable direct correlation; the results of the meta-analysis also showed a significant (P = 0.37, P < 0.01, n = 12,346) correlation. PVAT and waist circumference were analyzed in six studies. Meta-analysis on the selected sample (n = 10,947) showed a significant (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) correlation. Relationship between PVAT and hypertension was revealed in three studies. Direct correlations were found in all studies. Meta-analysis showed the reliability of the correlation dependence (r = 0.21, P < 0.01, n = 3996). PVAT and blood glucose was evaluated in three studies (n = 3689). In each study a reliable (P < 0.05) direct correlation was obtained. Meta-analysis showed a significant correlation of weak strength (r = 0.24, P < 0.01). We demonstrated significant positive correlations of PVAT with the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.05, P < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.13, P < 0.01), and triglycerides (r = 0.29, P < 0.01), and a negative relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.18, P < 0.01) in this meta-analysis. Despite some limitations, the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that PVAT significantly correlates with studied cardiovascular risk factors. Because PVAT presents a great interest in terms of cardiovascular remodeling and cardiovascular disease, its assessment in patients with and without cardiovascular pathology needs further research.

Pararenalfat Tissue: Rate of Pararenal Obesity and Relation with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity

Aim. To study a rate of excessive pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) thickness and its relationship with anthropometric obesity indices.Material and methods. 372 patients (152 men and 220 women) were included in the study, the average age was 63.5±13.3 years. There were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), WC/height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body fat percentage (BFP), body surface area (BSA), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral obesity index (VAI). All subjects underwent abdominal multispiral computed tomography. PRFT thickness was detected on a single slice at the level of the left renal vein.Results. 27% of the examined group had BMI<25 kg/m2, 28% – excessive body mass, 45% – obesity. The median PRFT thickness was 1.61 (1.03; 2.46) cm. There were correlations between PRFT thickness and glucose (r=0,64, p<0,05) and uric acid (r=0,46, p<0,05) levels. The threshold of referential PRFT thickness was 1,91cm. The rate of pararenal obesity was 9,9% among those with normal body mass, 29,3% in excessive body mass, 66,1% – in 1 class obesity, 67,7% – in 2 class, and 90,1% – in 3 class. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the PRFT thickness and obesity indices with exception of VAI and BAI: with BMI (r=0.43, p<0.05), WC (r=0.57, p<0.05), SAD (r=0.58, p<0.05), BFP (r=0.48, p<0.05), WC/height ratio (r=0.46, p<0.05), and BSA (r=0.58, p<0.05).Conclusion. Excessive PRFT may be detected isolated without any external anthropometric signs of obesity, wherein it is an active component of metabolic disorders typical for obesity. The most significant indices for the detection of pararenal obesity may be WC, SAD, and BSA.