1
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Sarker DB, Xue Y, Mahmud F, Jocelyn JA, Sang QXA. Interconversion of Cancer Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38247819 PMCID: PMC10814385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), share many molecular features with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that enable the derivation of induced pluripotent cancer cells by reprogramming malignant cells. Conversely, normal iPSCs can be converted into cancer stem-like cells with the help of tumor microenvironment components and genetic manipulation. These CSC models can be utilized in oncogenic initiation and progression studies, understanding drug resistance, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of pluripotency factors in the stemness, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Different methods to obtain iPSC-derived CSC models are described with an emphasis on exposure-based approaches. Culture in cancer cell-conditioned media or cocultures with cancer cells can convert normal iPSCs into cancer stem-like cells, aiding the examination of processes of oncogenesis. We further explored the potential of reprogramming cancer cells into cancer-iPSCs for mechanistic studies and cancer dependencies. The contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and tumor microenvironment factors can be evaluated using these models. Overall, integrating iPSC technology into cancer stem cell research holds significant promise for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and accelerating the development of innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Faiza Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jocelyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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2
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Abd GM, Laird MC, Ku JC, Li Y. Hypoxia-induced cancer cell reprogramming: a review on how cancer stem cells arise. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227884. [PMID: 37614497 PMCID: PMC10442830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a subset of cells within the tumor that possess the ability to self-renew as well as differentiate into different cancer cell lineages. The exact mechanisms by which cancer stem cells arise is still not completely understood. However, current research suggests that cancer stem cells may originate from normal stem cells that have undergone genetic mutations or epigenetic changes. A more recent discovery is the dedifferentiation of cancer cells to stem-like cells. These stem-like cells have been found to express and even upregulate induced pluripotent stem cell markers known as Yamanaka factors. Here we discuss developments in how cancer stem cells arise and consider how environmental factors, such as hypoxia, plays a key role in promoting the progression of cancer stem cells and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to these cells could have important implications for the development of new strategies in cancer treatments and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Abd
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Madison C. Laird
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Medical Students, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical. Engineering, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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3
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Lee Y, Han J, Hwang SB, Kang SS, Son HB, Jin C, Kim JE, Lee BH, Kang E. Selection of iPSCs without mtDNA deletion for autologous cell therapy in a patient with Pearson syndrome. BMB Rep 2023; 56:463-468. [PMID: 37156631 PMCID: PMC10471463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening for genetic defects in the cells should be examined for clinical application. The Pearson syndrome (PS) patient harbored nuclear mutations in the POLG and SSBP1 genes, which could induce systemic large-scale mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) deletion. We investigated iPSCs with mtDNA deletions in PS patient and whether deletion levels could be maintained during differentiation. The iPSC clones derived from skin fibroblasts (9% deletion) and blood mononuclear cells (24% deletion) were measured for mtDNA deletion levels. Of the 13 skin-derived iPSC clones, only 3 were found to be free of mtDNA deletions, whereas all blood-derived iPSC clones were found to be free of deletions. The iPSC clones with (27%) and without mtDNA deletion (0%) were selected and performed in vitro and in vivo differentiation, such as embryonic body (EB) and teratoma formation. After differentiation, the level of deletion was retained or increased in EBs (24%) or teratoma (45%) from deletion iPSC clone, while, the absence of deletions showed in all EBs and teratomas from deletion-free iPSC clones. These results demonstrated that non-deletion in iPSCs was maintained during in vitro and in vivo differentiation, even in the presence of nuclear mutations, suggesting that deletion-free iPSC clones could be candidates for autologous cell therapy in patients. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(8): 463-468].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jongsuk Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Sae-Byeok Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Soon-Suk Kang
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Bin Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Chaeyeon Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
- Cell Therapy 3 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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4
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Fu X, Zhuang Q, Babarinde IA, Shi L, Ma G, Hu H, Li Y, Chen J, Xiao Z, Deng B, Sun L, Jauch R, Hutchins AP. Restricting epigenetic activity promotes the reprogramming of transformed cells to pluripotency in a line-specific manner. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:245. [PMID: 37452056 PMCID: PMC10349098 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming and oncogenic transformation share surprisingly similar features, yet transformed cells are resistant to reprogramming. Epigenetic barriers must block transformed cells from reprogramming, but the nature of those barriers is unclear. In this study, we generated a systematic panel of transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using oncogenic transgenes and discovered transformed cell lines compatible with reprogramming when transfected with Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/Myc. By comparing the reprogramming-capable and incapable transformed lines we identified multiple stages of failure in the reprogramming process. Some transformed lines failed at an early stage, whilst other lines seemed to progress through a conventional reprogramming process. Finally, we show that MEK inhibition overcomes one critical reprogramming barrier by indirectly suppressing a hyperacetylated active epigenetic state. This study reveals that diverse epigenetic barriers underly resistance to reprogramming of transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Fu
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Isaac A Babarinde
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyang Shi
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haoqing Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boping Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Verma AH, Haldavnekar R, Venkatakrishnan K, Tan B. Dual-Purpose 3D-Silica Nanostructure Matrix for Rapid Epigenetic Reprogramming of Tumor Cell to Cancer Stem Cell Spheroid. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200798. [PMID: 36424183 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation responsible for tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance, are difficult to characterize and isolate. Conventional method of growing CSCs takes up to 2-8 weeks inhibiting the rate of research. Therefore, rapid reprogramming (RR) of tumor cells into CSCs is crucial to accelerate the stem cell oncology research. The current RR techniques cannot be utilized for CSC RR due to many limitations posed due to isolation requirements resulting in loss of vital data. Hence, a technique that can induce CSC RR without the need for isolation procedures is needed. Here, fabrication of a 3D-silica nanostructured extracellular matrix for RR and in situ monitoring is reported. The RR is tested using three preclinical cancer models. The 3D matrix and a zeta potential study confirm an intense material-cellular interaction resulting in the enhanced expressions of surface and epigenetic biomarkers. Cancer cells require only 3-day period to form CSC spheroids with 3D-silica extracellular matrix. Real-time single-cell monitoring of the methylene blue-induced photodynamic demonstrates the dual functionality. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a CSC epigenetic reprogramming using nanostructures. These findings may pave the path for accelerating the stem cell research in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Hiresha Verma
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rupa Haldavnekar
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Krishnan Venkatakrishnan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Ultrashort Laser Nanomanufacturing Research Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Bo Tan
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (I BEST), Partnership between Toronto Metropolitan University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Nano-Bio Interface facility, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Nano-characterization Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Sciences, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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6
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Lee Y, Lee SW, Jeong D, Lee HJ, Choi NY, Bang JS, Ham S, Ko K. Inhibition of Class I Histone Deacetylase Enhances Self-Reprogramming of Spermatogonial Stem Cells into Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 16:27-35. [PMID: 36581367 PMCID: PMC9978831 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the most primitive cells in spermatogenesis and are the only adult stem cells capable of passing on the genome of a given species to the next generation. SSCs are the only adult stem cells known to exhibit high Oct4 expression and can be induced to self-reprogram into pluripotent cells depending on culture conditions. Epigenetic modulation is well known to be involved in the induction of pluripotency of somatic cells. However, epigenetic modulation in self-reprogramming of SSCs into pluripotent cells has not been studied. Methods and Results In this study, we examined the involvement of epigenetic modulation by assessing whether self-reprogramming of SSCs is enhanced by treatment with epigenetic modulators. We found that second-generation selective class I HDAC inhibitors increased SSC reprogramming efficiency, whereas non-selective HDAC inhibitors had no effect. Conclusions We showed that pluripotent stem cells derived from adult SSCs by treatment with small molecules with epigenetic modulator functions exhibit pluripotency in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the mechanism of SSC reprogramming by epigenetic modulator can be used for important applications in epigenetic reprogramming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokbeom Ham
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea,Correspondence to Kinarm Ko, Departement of Stem Cell Biology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea, Tel: +82-2-2030-7888, Fax: +82-2-446-9001, E-mail:
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7
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Cancer cells as a new source of induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:459. [PMID: 36064437 PMCID: PMC9446809 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have had various potential applications in various medical research areas, from personalized medicine to disease treatment. Different cellular resources are accessible for iPSC generation, such as keratinocytes, skin fibroblasts, and blood or urine cells. However, all these sources are somatic cells, and we must make several changes in a somatic cell's transcriptome and chromatin state to become a pluripotent cell. It has recently been revealed that cancer cells can be a new source of iPSCs production. Cancer cells show similarities with iPSCs in self-renewal capacity, reprogramming potency, and signaling pathways. Although genetic abnormalities and potential tumor formation in cancer cells pose a severe risk, reprogrammed cancer-induced pluripotent stem cells (cancer-iPSCs) indicate that pluripotency can transiently overcome the cancer phenotype. This review discusses whether cancer cells can be a preferable source to generate iPSCs.
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8
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Becklin KL, Draper GM, Madden RA, Kluesner MG, Koga T, Huang M, Weiss WA, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Moriarity BS, Webber BR. Developing Bottom-Up Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Solid Tumor Models Using Precision Genome Editing Technologies. CRISPR J 2022; 5:517-535. [PMID: 35972367 PMCID: PMC9529369 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome and tissue engineering have spurred significant progress and opportunity for innovation in cancer modeling. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an established and powerful tool to study cellular processes in the context of disease-specific genetic backgrounds; however, their application to cancer has been limited by the resistance of many transformed cells to undergo successful reprogramming. Here, we review the status of human iPSC modeling of solid tumors in the context of genetic engineering, including how base and prime editing can be incorporated into "bottom-up" cancer modeling, a term we coined for iPSC-based cancer models using genetic engineering to induce transformation. This approach circumvents the need to reprogram cancer cells while allowing for dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying transformation, progression, and metastasis with a high degree of precision and control. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of respective engineering approaches and outline experimental considerations for establishing future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L. Becklin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett M. Draper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Madden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell G. Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, La Jolla, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miller Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; and Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Li S, Ding C, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun X, Zhang J, Cui Z, Chen J. Mechanotransduction Regulates Reprogramming Enhancement in Adherent 3D Keratocyte Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:709488. [PMID: 34568299 PMCID: PMC8460903 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.709488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended spheroid culture using ultralow attachment plates (ULAPs) is reported to effect corneal fibroblast reprogramming. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), with hydrophobic and soft substrate properties, facilitates adherent spheroid formation that promotes cellular physical reprogramming into stem-like cells without using transcription factors. However, it is still unknown whether the biophysical properties of PDMS have the same effect on adult human corneal keratocyte reprogramming. Here, PDMS and essential 8 (E8) medium were utilized to culture keratocyte spheroids and fibroblast spheroids, and the reprogramming results were compared. We provide insights into the probable mechanisms of the PDMS effect on spheroids. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of some stem cell marker genes (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, CMYC, ABCG2 and PAX6) was significantly greater in keratocyte spheroids than in fibroblast spheroids. The endogenous level of stemness transcription factors (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4 and CMYC) was higher in keratocytes than in fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence staining revealed Klf4, Nanog, Sox2, ABCG2 and Pax6 were positively stained in adherent 3D spheroids but weakly or negatively stained in adherent 2D cells. Furthermore, OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, HNK1, ABCG2 and PAX6 gene expression was significantly higher in adherent 3D spheroids than in adherent 2D cells. Meanwhile, SOX2, ABCG2 and PAX6 were more upregulated in adherent 3D spheroids than in suspended 3D spheroids. The RNA-seq analysis suggested that regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, TGFβ/BMP and HIF-1 signaling pathways induced changes in mechanotransduction, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and hypoxia, which might be responsible for the effect of PDMS on facilitating reprogramming. In conclusion, compared to corneal fibroblasts, keratocytes were more susceptible to reprogramming due to higher levels of endogenous stemness transcription factors. Spheroid culture of keratocytes using PDMS had a positive impact on promoting the expression of some stem cell markers. PDMS, as a substrate to form spheroids, was better able to promote reprogramming than ULAPs. These results indicated that the physiological cells and culture conditions herein enhance reprogramming. Therefore, adherent spheroid culture of keratocytes using PDMS is a promising strategy to more safely promote reprogramming, suggesting its potential application for developing clinical implants in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Li
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yonglong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xihao Sun
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Educational Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Uthamacumaran A. A review of dynamical systems approaches for the detection of chaotic attractors in cancer networks. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 2:100226. [PMID: 33982021 PMCID: PMC8085613 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are complex dynamical systems. They remain the leading cause of disease-related pediatric mortality in North America. To overcome this burden, we must decipher the state-space attractor dynamics of gene expression patterns and protein oscillations orchestrated by cancer stemness networks. The review provides an overview of dynamical systems theory to steer cancer research in pattern science. While most of our current tools in network medicine rely on statistical correlation methods, causality inference remains primitively developed. As such, a survey of attractor reconstruction methods and machine algorithms for the detection of causal structures applicable in experimentally derived time series cancer datasets is presented. A toolbox of complex systems approaches are discussed for reconstructing the signaling state space of cancer networks, interpreting causal relationships in their time series gene expression patterns, and assisting clinical decision making in computational oncology. As a proof of concept, the applicability of some algorithms are demonstrated on pediatric brain cancer datasets and the requirement of their time series analysis is highlighted.
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