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Lim JJ, Vining KH, Mooney DJ, Blencowe BJ. Matrix stiffness-dependent regulation of immunomodulatory genes in human MSCs is associated with the lncRNA CYTOR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404146121. [PMID: 39074278 PMCID: PMC11317610 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404146121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions in 3D environments significantly differ from those in 2D cultures. As such, mechanisms of mechanotransduction in 2D cultures are not necessarily applicable to cell-encapsulating hydrogels that resemble features of tissue architecture. Accordingly, the characterization of molecular pathways in 3D matrices is expected to uncover insights into how cells respond to their mechanical environment in physiological contexts, and potentially also inform hydrogel-based strategies in cell therapies. In this study, a bone marrow-mimetic hydrogel was employed to systematically investigate the stiffness-responsive transcriptome of mesenchymal stromal cells. High matrix rigidity impeded integrin-collagen adhesion, resulting in changes in cell morphology characterized by a contractile network of actin proximal to the cell membrane. This resulted in a suppression of extracellular matrix-regulatory genes involved in the remodeling of collagen fibrils, as well as the upregulation of secreted immunomodulatory factors. Moreover, an investigation of long noncoding RNAs revealed that the cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) contributes to these 3D stiffness-driven changes in gene expression. Knockdown of CYTOR using antisense oligonucleotides enhanced the expression of numerous mechanoresponsive cytokines and chemokines to levels exceeding those achievable by modulating matrix stiffness alone. Taken together, our findings further our understanding of mechanisms of mechanotransduction that are distinct from canonical mechanotransductive pathways observed in 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lim
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kyle H. Vining
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - David J. Mooney
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Benjamin J. Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S1A8, Canada
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2
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Xiao H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Chen R, Yang C, Geng B, Xia Y. Gut-bone axis research: unveiling the impact of gut microbiota on postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoclasts through Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1419566. [PMID: 38883609 PMCID: PMC11176613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1419566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a prevalent disease that affects the bone health of middle-aged and elderly women. The link between gut microbiota and bone health, known as the gut-bone axis, has garnered widespread attention. Methods We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the associations between gut microbiota with osteoclasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the composition of gut microbiota were used as instrumental variables. By analyzing large-scale multi-ethnic GWAS data from the international MiBioGen consortium, and combining data from the eQTLGen consortium and the GEFOS consortium, we identified microbiota related to osteoclasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Key genes were further identified through MAGMA analysis, and validation was performed using single-cell data GSE147287. Results The outcomes of this study have uncovered significant associations within the gut microbiome community, particularly with the Burkholderiales order, which correlates with both an increase in osteoclasts and a reduced risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis. with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.400, and a P-value of 0.011. Further analysis using single-cell data allowed us to identify two key genes, FMNL2 and SRBD1, that are closely linked to both osteoclasts and osteoporosis. Conclusion This study utilizing Mendelian randomization and single-cell data analysis, provides new evidence of a causal relationship between gut microbiota and osteoclasts, as well as postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was discovered that the specific microbial group, the Burkholderiales order, significantly impacts both osteoporosis and osteoclasts. Additionally, key genes FMNL2 and SRBD1 were identified, offering new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaobin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Orthopaedic Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center, Lanzhou, China
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Rutkowsky JM, Wong A, Toupadakis CA, Rutledge JC, Yellowley CE. Lipolysis products from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins induce stress protein ATF3 in osteoblasts. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1033-1044. [PMID: 38044472 PMCID: PMC11009083 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High fat diets overwhelm the physiological mechanisms for absorption, storage, and utilization of triglycerides (TG); consequently TG, TG-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), and TGRL remnants accumulate, circulate systemically, producing dyslipidemia. This associates with, or is causative for increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk, ischemic stroke, fatty liver disease, and pancreatitis. TGRL hydrolysis by endothelial surface-bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL) generates metabolites like free fatty acids which have proinflammatory properties. While osteoblasts utilize fatty acids as an energy source, dyslipidemia is associated with negative effects on the skeleton. In this study we investigated the effects of TGRL lipolysis products (TGRL-LP) on expression of a stress responsive transcription factor, termed activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATF3 target genes, and angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) in osteoblasts. As ATF3 negatively associates with osteoblast differentiation, we also investigated the skeletal effects of global ATF3 deletion in mice. TGRL-LP increased expression of Atf3, proinflammatory proteins Ptgs2 and IL-6, and induced ROS in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Angptl4 is an endogenous inhibitor of LPL which was transcriptionally induced by TGRL-LP, while recombinant Angptl4 prevented TG-driven Atf3 induction. Atf3 global knockout male mice demonstrated increased trabecular and cortical microarchitectural parameters. In summary, we find that TGRL-LP induce osteoblastic cell stress as evidenced by expression of ATF3, which may contribute to the negative impact of dyslipidemia in the skeleton. Further, concomitant induction of Angptl4 in osteoblasts might play a protective role by reducing local lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - John C. Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine
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Kim HY, Charton C, Shim JH, Lim SY, Kim J, Lee S, Ohn JH, Kim BK, Heo CY. Patient-Derived Organoids Recapitulate Pathological Intrinsic and Phenotypic Features of Fibrous Dysplasia. Cells 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38727265 PMCID: PMC11083396 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare bone disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone with benign fibro-osseous tissue. Developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment options are impeded by the lack of suitable research models. In this study, we developed an in vitro organotypic model capable of recapitulating key intrinsic and phenotypic properties of FD. Initially, transcriptomic profiling of individual cells isolated from patient lesional tissues unveiled intralesional molecular and cellular heterogeneity. Leveraging these insights, we established patient-derived organoids (PDOs) using primary cells obtained from patient FD lesions. Evaluation of PDOs demonstrated preservation of fibrosis-associated constituent cell types and transcriptional signatures observed in FD lesions. Additionally, PDOs retained distinct constellations of genomic and metabolic alterations characteristic of FD. Histological evaluation further corroborated the fidelity of PDOs in recapitulating important phenotypic features of FD that underscore their pathophysiological relevance. Our findings represent meaningful progress in the field, as they open up the possibility for in vitro modeling of rare bone lesions in a three-dimensional context and may signify the first step towards creating a personalized platform for research and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Clémentine Charton
- Precision Medicine Center, Future Innovation Research Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea; (C.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Jung Hee Shim
- Department of Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - So Young Lim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinho Kim
- Precision Medicine Center, Future Innovation Research Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea; (C.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Future Innovation Research Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea; (C.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Ohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Baek Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
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Kobayashi-Sun J, Kobayashi I, Kashima M, Hirayama J, Kakikawa M, Yamada S, Suzuki N. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the zebrafish scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1340089. [PMID: 38385024 PMCID: PMC10879286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have received widespread attention as effective, noninvasive, and safe therapies across a range of clinical applications for bone disorders. However, due to the various frequencies of devices, their effects on tissues/cells are vary, which has been a bottleneck in understanding the effects of EMFs on bone tissue. Here, we developed an in vivo model system using zebrafish scales to investigate the effects of extremely low-frequency EMFs (ELF-EMFs) on fracture healing. Exposure to 10 millitesla (mT) of ELF-EMFs at 60 Hz increased the number of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale, whereas 3 or 30 mT did not. Gene expression analysis revealed that exposure to 10 mT ELF-EMFs upregulated wnt10b and Wnt target genes in the fractured scale. Moreover, β-catenin expression was enhanced by ELF-EMFs predominantly at the fracture site of the zebrafish scale. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment reduced both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale exposed to ELF-EMFs. These results suggest that ELF-EMFs promote both osteoblast and osteoclast activity through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fracture healing. Our data provide in vivo evidence that ELF-EMFs generated with a widely used commercial AC power supply have a facilitative effect on fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Kobayashi-Sun
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Kakikawa
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sotoshi Yamada
- Department of Production System Engineering and Sciences, Faculty of Production System Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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