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Ballester J, Marchand WR, Philip NS. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for methamphetamine use disorder: A scoping review within the neurocircuitry model of addiction. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115995. [PMID: 38852478 PMCID: PMC11209858 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The use of methamphetamine in the United States is increasing, contributing now to the "fourth wave" in the national opioid epidemic crisis. People who suffer from methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) have a higher risk of death. No pharmacological interventions are approved by the FDA and psychosocial interventions are only moderately effective. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a relatively novel FDA-cleared intervention for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Several lines of research suggest that TMS could be useful for the treatment of addictive disorders, including MUD. We will review those published clinical trials that show potential effects on craving reduction of TMS when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) also highlighting some limitations that affect their generalizability and applicability. We propose the use of the Koob and Volkow's neurocircuitry model of addiction as a frame to explain the brain effects of TMS in patients with MUD. We will finally discuss new venues that could lead to a more individualized and effective treatment of this complex disorder including the use of neuroimaging, the exploration of different areas of the brain such as the frontopolar cortex or the salience network and the use of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ballester
- Substance Abuse Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - W R Marchand
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; VISN-19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - N S Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
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2
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Du X, Qi Y, Wang L, Dong GH. Brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder during real gaming. J Behav Addict 2023; 12:758-774. [PMID: 37651282 PMCID: PMC10562809 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2023.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study sought to investigate brain responses to positive and negative events in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) during real gaming as a direct assessment of the neural features of IGD. This investigation reflects the neural deficits in individuals with IGD while playing games, providing direct and effective targets for prevention and treatment of IGD. Methods Thirty subjects with IGD and fifty-two matched recreational game use (RGU) subjects were scanned while playing an online game. Abnormal brain activities during positive and negative events were detected using a general linear model. Functional connectivity (FC) and correlation analyses between neural features and addiction severity were conducted to provide additional support for the underlying neural features. Results Compared to the RGU subjects, the IGD subjects exhibited decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during positive events and decreased activation in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus during negative events. Decreased FC between the DLPFC and putamen during positive events and between the MFG and amygdala during negative events were observed among the IGD subjects. Neural features and addiction severity were significantly correlated. Conclusions Individuals with IGD exhibited deficits in regulating game craving, maladaptive habitual gaming behaviors and negative emotions when experiencing positive and negative events during real game-playing compared to RGU gamers. These abnormalities in neural substrates during real gaming provide direct evidence for explaining why individuals with IGD uncontrollably and continuously engage in game playing, despite negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Zhang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Cheng P, Li Y, Wang G, Dong H, Liu H, Shen W, Zhou W. Aberrant topology of white matter networks in patients with methamphetamine dependence and its application in support vector machine-based classification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6958. [PMID: 37117256 PMCID: PMC10147725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain white matter (WM) networks have been widely studied in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, few studies have evaluated alterations in WM network topological organization in patients with methamphetamine (MA) dependence. Therefore, using machine learning classification methods to analyze WM network topological attributes may give new insights into patients with MA dependence. In the study, diffusion tensor imaging-based probabilistic tractography was used to map the weighted WM networks in 46 MA-dependent patients and 46 control subjects. Using graph-theoretical analyses, the global and regional topological attributes of WM networks for both groups were calculated and compared to determine inter-group differences using a permutation-based general linear model. In addition, the study used a support vector machine (SVM) learning approach to construct a classifier for discriminating subjects with MA dependence from control subjects. Relative to the control group, the MA-dependent group exhibited abnormal topological organization, as evidenced by decreased small-worldness and modularity, and increased nodal efficiency in the right medial superior temporal gyrus, right pallidum, and right ventromedial putamen; the MA-dependent group had the higher hubness scores in 25 regions, which were mainly located in the default mode network. An SVM trained with topological attributes achieved classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values of 98.09% ± 2.59%, 98.24% ± 4.00%, 97.94% ± 4.26%, and 96.18% ± 5.19% for patients with MA dependence. Our results may suggest altered global WM structural networks in MA-dependent patients. Furthermore, the abnormal WM network topological attributes may provide promising features for the construction of high-efficacy classification models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Dong
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 57# Xing Ning Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo University, 1# Zhuangyu South Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Bachtell RK, Larson TA, Winkler MC. Adenosine receptor stimulation inhibits methamphetamine-associated cue seeking. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:192-203. [PMID: 36629009 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221147157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that remains a popular and threatening drug of abuse with high abuse liability. There is no established pharmacotherapy to treat METH dependence, but evidence suggests that stimulation of adenosine receptors reduces the reinforcing properties of METH and could be a potential pharmacological target. This study examines the effects of adenosine receptor subtype stimulation on METH seeking using both a cue-induced reinstatement and cue-craving model of relapse. METHODS Male and female rats were trained to self-administer METH during daily 2-h sessions. Cue-induced reinstatement of METH seeking was evaluated after extinction training. A systemic pretreatment of an adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) or A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist was administered prior to an extinction or cue session to evaluate the effects of adenosine receptor subtype stimulation on METH seeking. The effects of a systemic pretreatment of A1R or A2AR agonists were also evaluated in a cue-craving model where the cued-seeking test was conducted after 21 days of forced home-cage abstinence without extinction training. RESULTS Cue-induced reinstatement was reduced in both male and female rats that received A1R or A2AR agonist pretreatments. Similarly, an A1R or A2AR agonist pretreatment also inhibited cue craving in both male and female rats. CONCLUSION Stimulation of either adenosine A1R or A2AR subtypes inhibits METH-seeking behavior elicited by METH-associated cues. These effects may be attributed to the ability of A1R and A2AR stimulation to disrupt cue-induced dopamine and glutamate signaling throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Bachtell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Madeline C Winkler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Nukitram J, Cheaha D, Thawaii S, Niyomdecha S, Kumarnsit E. Neural signaling of methamphetamine craving and seeking intensified by bupropion in the ventral tegmental area-cortico-accumbens circuitry in mice. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13240. [PMID: 36301216 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously, bupropion (BUP), a norepinephrine (NE)/dopamine (DA) transporter blocker and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) antagonist, was found to intensify methamphetamine (METH) craving behaviours in mice. Intense craving causes relapse in drug dependence. This study characterized local field potential (LFP) patterns in the brain regions associated with METH-conditioned place preference (CPP) enhanced by BUP. Male Swiss albino ICR mice were implanted with LFP electrodes to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc). Animals received sessions to learn the association between injection effects (1 mg/kg METH and normal saline) with contextual environments (METH- and saline-paired compartments) during the conditioning phase. A total of 20 mg/kg BUP was given to animals before LFP, and behaviour recording in the CPP apparatus during the post-conditioning phase. The results showed that increased CPP scores and % number of entries to the METH-paired zone, as well as changes in VTA, mPFC and NAcc spectral powers and coherence among these areas, were associated with METH-CPP. Treatment with BUP increased VTA delta and gamma I, decreased mPFC alpha, increased NAcc gamma I and decreased gamma II powers. Coherence analyses revealed that BUP decreased gamma II VTA-mPFC and increased beta and gamma I VTA-NAcc connectivity. Altogether, BUP produced additional effects to that of METH-CPP alone. These findings demonstrated changes in neural circuit activities associated with METH-CPP intensified by BUP. Moreover, modulation of NE/DA systems and/or nAChRs actions in the VTA-cortico-accumbens loop might underlie METH craving and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkrit Nukitram
- Physiology Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dania Cheaha
- Biology Program, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suppachai Thawaii
- Biology Program, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Saree Niyomdecha
- Biology Program, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Physiology Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
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How drug cravings affect metacognitive monitoring in methamphetamine abusers. Addict Behav 2022; 132:107341. [PMID: 35584984 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metacognitive monitoring refers to the process in which an individual analyzes their own mental state, then monitors and adjusts cognitive activities to achieve a predetermined goal. Recent research has suggested a strong link between metacognition and drug cravings. Conversely, few studies on the impact of metacognitive monitoring on methamphetamine (MA) cravings exist. Thus, this study investigated whether drug cravings would impair MA abusers' metacognitive monitoring and explored the prediction effects of drug cravings. METHOD Seventy MA abusers from the Zhejiang Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center and 65 non-users from the Wenzhou Medical University were recruited for this experimental study. The judgment of learning (JOL) paradigm was used to examine metacognitive monitoring, and cue-induced pictures were used to induce MA abusers' drug cravings. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), partial correlation, and regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Compared with non-users, MA abusers had significantly poorer metacognitive monitoring and tended to overestimate their performance. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the accuracy of JOLs and drug cravings, which indicated that metacognitive monitoring was weakened by drug cravings with higher cravings imposing more severe impacts. In addition, the regression analysis suggested that drug cravings can predict metacognitive monitoring.
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7
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Wen Y, Hao X, Chen X, Qiao S, Li Q, Winkler MH, Wang F, Yan X, Wang F, Wang L, Jiang F, Pauli P, Dong X, Li Y. Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined With Virtual-Reality Reconsolidation Intervention for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized-Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903242. [PMID: 35865301 PMCID: PMC9294395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Craving associated with drug-related memory is one of the key factors that induce the relapse of methamphetamine (MA). Disruption or modulation of the reconsolidation of drug-related memory may serve as an option for clinical treatment of MA addiction. This protocol proposes to use virtual reality (VR) to retrieve drug-associated memory and then use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at the neural circuit that encodes the reward value of drug cues to provide a non-invasive intervention during reconsolidation. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of TMS treatment after VR retrieval on the reduction of cue reactivity and craving of MA. Methods This is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel group trial, targeting participants with MA use disorder aged from 18 to 45 years old. Forty-five eligible volunteers in Shanxi Drug Rehabilitation Center will be recruited and be randomly allocated into three parallel groups, receiving either 1) MA-related cues retrieval in VR combined with active TMS (MA VR scene + TBS) or 2) sham TMS (MA VR scene + sham TBS), or 3) neutral cues retrieval in VR combined with active TMS (neutral VR scene + TBS). Two sessions of post-VR-retrieval TBS will be scheduled on two separate days within 1 week. The primary outcome will detect the memory-related activity by the electroencephalography (EEG) reactivity to drug cues in VR scenes. Secondary outcomes are the self-reported MA craving in VR scene, the physiological parameter (cue-induced heart rate) and the scores of psychological questionnaires including anxiety, depression, and mood. All primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 1-week, and 1-month post-intervention. Assessments will be compared between the groups of 1) MA VR scene + TBS, 2) MA VR scene + sham TBS and 3) neutral VR scene + TBS. Discussion This will be the first study to examine whether the TMS modulation after VR retrieval can reduce self-reported craving and drug-related cue reactivity. It will promote the understanding of the neural circuit mechanism of the reconsolidation-based intervention and provide an effective treatment for MA use disorder patients. Clinical Trial Registration [Chinese Clinical Trial Registry], identifier [ChiCTR1900026902]. Registered on 26 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Hao
- School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianling Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Markus H. Winkler
- Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Fenglan Wang
- Shanxi Women's Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Shanxi Women's Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shanxi Women's Drug Rehabilitation Center, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Library, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology I, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Xinwen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dakhili A, Sangchooli A, Jafakesh S, Zare-Bidoky M, Soleimani G, Batouli SAH, Kazemi K, Faghiri A, Oghabian MA, Ekhtiari H. Cue-induced craving and negative emotion disrupt response inhibition in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral and fMRI results from a mixed Go/No-Go task. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 233:109353. [PMID: 35249000 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-related cue-reactivity, dysfunctional negative emotion processing, and response-disinhibition constitute three core aspects of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). These phenomena have been studied independently, but the neuroscientific literature on their interaction in addictive disorders remains scant. METHODS 62 individuals with MUD were scanned when responding to the geometric Go or No-Go cues superimposed over blank, neutral, negative-emotional and drug-related background images. Neural correlates of drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity, response-inhibition and their interactions were estimated, and methamphetamine cue-reactivity was compared between individuals with MUD and 23 healthy controls. Relationships between behavioral characteristics and observed activations were investigated. RESULTS Individuals with MUD had longer reaction times and more errors in drug and negative-emotional compared to blank blocks, and more omission errors in drug compared to neutral blocks. They showed higher drug cue-reactivity than controls across prefrontal, fusiform, and visual regions (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition was associated with precuneal, inferior parietal, anterior cingulate, temporal, and inferior frontal activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition in drug cue blocks coincided with higher activations in the visual cortex and lower activations in the paracentral lobule and superior and inferior frontal gyri, while inhibition during negative-emotional blocks led to higher superior parietal, fusiform, and lateral occipital activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). CONCLUSION Drug cue-reactivity may impair response inhibition partly through activating dis-inhibitory regions, while temporal and parietal activations associated with response-inhibition in negative blocks suggest compensatory activity. Results suggest that drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity influence response-inhibition, and the study of these interactions may aid mechanistic understanding of methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Dakhili
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Jafakesh
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA.
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9
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Temporally dynamic neural correlates of drug cue reactivity, response inhibition, and methamphetamine-related response inhibition in people with methamphetamine use disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3567. [PMID: 35246553 PMCID: PMC8897423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cue-induced drug craving and disinhibition are two essential components of continued drug use and relapse in substance use disorders. While these phenomena develop and interact across time, the temporal dynamics of their underlying neural activity remain under-investigated. To explore these dynamics, an analysis of time-varying activation was applied to fMRI data from 62 men with methamphetamine use disorder in their first weeks of recovery in an abstinence-based treatment program. Using a mixed block-event, factorial cue-reactivity/Go-NoGo task and a sliding window across the task duration, dynamically-activated regions were identified in three linear mixed effects models (LMEs). Habituation to drug cues across time was observed in the superior temporal gyri, amygdalae, left hippocampus, and right precuneus, while response inhibition was associated with the sensitization of temporally-dynamic activations across many regions of the inhibitory frontoparietal network. Methamphetamine-related response inhibition was associated with temporally-dynamic activity in the parahippocampal gyri and right precuneus (corrected p-value < 0.001), which show a declining cue-reactivity contrast and an increasing response inhibition contrast. Overall, the declining craving-related activations (habituation) and increasing inhibition-associated activations (sensitization) during the task duration suggest the gradual recruitment of response inhibitory processes and a concurrent habituation to drug cues in areas with temporally-dynamic methamphetamine-related response inhibition. Furthermore, temporally dynamic cue-reactivity and response inhibition were correlated with behavioral and clinical measures such as the severity of methamphetamine use and craving, impulsivity and inhibitory task performance. This exploratory study demonstrates the time-variance of the neural activations undergirding cue-reactivity, response inhibition, and response inhibition during exposure to drug cues, and suggests a method to assess this dynamic interplay. Analyses that can capture temporal fluctuations in the neural substrates of drug cue-reactivity and response inhibition may prove useful for biomarker development by revealing the rate and pattern of sensitization and habituation processes, and may inform mixed cue-exposure intervention paradigms which could promote habituation to drug cues and sensitization in inhibitory control regions.
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Li H, Zhao D, Liu Y, Xv J, Huang H, Jin Y, Lu Y, Qi Y, Zhou Q. Are There Neural Overlaps of Reactivity to Illegal Drugs, Tobacco, and Alcohol Cues? With Evidence From ALE and CMA. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:779239. [PMID: 35463497 PMCID: PMC9019580 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.779239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuses of most illegal drugs, including methamphetamine, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and polydrug, are usually in conjunction with alcohol and tobacco. There are similarities and associations between the behavior, gene, and neurophysiology of such abusers, but the neural overlaps of their cue-reactivity and the correlation of neural overlap with drug craving still needs to be further explored. In this study, an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) was performed on brain activation under legal (tobacco, alcohol) and illegal drug cues, for identifying the similarities in brain functions between different craving states. A Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) on the correlation coefficient between brain activation and craving scores in the selected literatures with subjective craving reports explained the degree of the craving via brain imaging results. In ALE, co-activation areas of the three cue-reactivity (posterior cingulate, caudate, and thalamus) suggest that the three cue-reactivity may all arouse drug-use identity which is a predictor of relapse and generation of conditioned reflexes under reward memory, thus leading to illegal drug relapses. In CMA, the brain activation was significantly correlated with subjective craving, with a correlation coefficient of 0.222. The neural overlap of tobacco, alcohol and most of the prevalent illegal drug cues not only further helps us understand the neural mechanism of substance co-abuse and relapse, but also provides implications to detoxification. Furthermore, the correlation between brain activation and craving is low, suggesting the accuracy of craving-based quantitative evaluation by neuroimaging remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiLing Li
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - YuQing Liu
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - JingWen Xv
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - HanZhi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiying Lu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - YuanYuan Qi
- Zhejiang Moganshan Female Drug Detoxification Center, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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Jeong H, Yoon S, Sung YH, Kim J, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF. Effects of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline on gray matter volumes in methamphetamine-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:215-221. [PMID: 34507102 PMCID: PMC8557135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) has been suggested to exert neuroprotective and neuroreparative effects and may be beneficial for patients with stimulant dependence. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in methamphetamine (MA) dependence investigated effects of CDP-choline on the brain structures and their associations with craving and MA use. METHODS MA users (n = 44) were randomized to receive 2 g/day of CDP-choline (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Healthy individuals (n = 27) were also examined using brain MRI at the same interval. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to examine changes in gray matter (GM) volumes and their associations with craving and MA use. RESULTS Craving for MA was significantly reduced after the 8 week-treatment with CDP-choline (p = 0.01), but not with the placebo treatment (p = 0.10). There was no significant difference in the total number of MA-negative urine samples between the two groups (p = 0.19). With CDP-choline treatment, GM volumes in the left middle frontal gyrus (p = 0.001), right hippocampus (p = 0.009), and left precuneus (p = 0.001) were significantly increased compared to the placebo and control groups. Increased GM volumes in the left middle frontal gyrus with CDP-choline treatment were associated with reduced craving for MA (Spearman's ρ = -0.56, p = 0.03). In addition, the right hippocampal volume increases were positively associated with the total number of MA-negative urine results in the CDP-choline group (Spearman's ρ = 0.67, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CDP-choline may increase GM volumes of MA-dependent patients, which may be related to decreases in MA use and craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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12
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Chen T, Su H, Wang L, Li X, Wu Q, Zhong N, Du J, Meng Y, Duan C, Zhang C, Shi W, Xu D, Song W, Zhao M, Jiang H. Modulation of Methamphetamine-Related Attention Bias by Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation on Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667476. [PMID: 34414178 PMCID: PMC8370756 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have identified the treatment effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cravings of patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). However, the mechanism underlying the treatment effect remains largely unknown. A potential candidate mechanism could be that rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) modulates the attention bias to methamphetamine-related cues. The purpose of this study is therefore to determine the modulation of rTMS on methamphetamine-related attention bias and the corresponding electrophysiological changes. Methods Forty-nine patients with severe MUD were included for analysis. The subjects were randomized to receive the active intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) or sham iTBS targeting DLPFC for 20 sessions. Participants performed the Addiction Stroop Task before and after the treatment while being recorded by a 64-channel electroencephalogram. Baseline characteristics were collected through the Addiction Severity Index. Results Post-treatment evaluations showed a reduced error rate in discriminating the color of methamphetamine words in the active iTBS group compared with the sham iTBS group. Following rTMS treatment, we found the significant time-by-group effect for the N1 amplitude (methamphetamine words > neutral words) and P3 latency (methamphetamine words > neutral words). The change of N1 amplitude was positively correlated with cravings in the active group. Moreover, reduced power of neural oscillation in the beta band, manifesting at frontal central areas, was also found in the active group. Conclusion This study suggests that attention bias and the beta oscillation during the attentional processing of methamphetamine words in patients with MUD could be modulated by iTBS applied to left DLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Meng
- Yunnan Institute on Drug Dependence, Kunming, China
| | - Chunmei Duan
- Yunnan Institute on Drug Dependence, Kunming, China
| | | | - Wen Shi
- Shanghai Female Compulsory Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Altered patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity in abstinent methamphetamine-dependent users. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7705. [PMID: 33833282 PMCID: PMC8032776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) could induce functional and structural brain alterations in dependent subjects. However, few studies have investigated resting-state activity in methamphetamine-dependent subjects (MADs). We aimed to investigate alterations of brain activity during resting-state in MADs using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). We analyzed fALFF and ReHo between MADs (n = 70) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 84) and performed regression analysis using MA use variables. Compared to HCs, abstinent MADs showed increased fALFF and ReHo values in the bilateral striatum, decreased fALFF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and decreased ReHo in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and left precuneus. We also observed the fALFF values of bilateral striatum were positively correlated with the age of first MA use, and negatively correlated with the duration of MA use. The fALFF value of right striatum was also positively correlated with the duration of abstinence. The alterations of spontaneous cerebral activity in abstinent MADs may help us probe into the neurological pathophysiology underlying MA-related dysfunction and recovery. Since MADs with higher fALFF in the right striatum had shorter MA use and longer abstinence, the increased fALFF in the right striatum might implicate early recovery during abstinence.
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14
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Neural activation during anticipation of monetary gain or loss does not associate with positive subjective response to alcohol in binge drinkers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108432. [PMID: 33250380 PMCID: PMC7750248 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains an unresolved source of morbidity and mortality. Psychopharmacological challenge studies and neuroimaging experiments are two methods used to identify risk of problematic substance use. The present study combined these two approaches by examining associations between self-reported stimulation, sedation, liking or wanting more after a dose of alcohol and neural-based responses to anticipation of monetary gain and loss. METHODS Young adult binge drinkers (N = 56) aged 21-29, with no history of Substance Use Disorder completed five experimental sessions. These included four laboratory sessions in which they rated their subjective responses to alcohol (0.8 g/kg for men, 0.68 g/kg for women) or placebo, and a single functional magnetic resonance imaging session in which they completed a monetary incentive delay task. During the scan, we recorded neural signal related to anticipation of winning $5 or $1.50 compared to winning no money (WinMoney-WinZero), losing $5 or $1.50 compared to losing no money (LoseMoney-LoseZero), and winning $5 or $1.50 compared to losing $5 or $1.50 (WinMoney-LoseMoney), in reward related regions. RESULTS There were no significant associations between subjective ratings of "Feel Drug Effect", "Like Drug Effect", "Want More", stimulation or sedation following the acute alcohol challenge and neural activation in reward related regions during anticipation of monetary gain or loss. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sensitivity of neural reward circuits is not directly related to rewarding subjective experiences from alcohol. Taken together with previous studies, the present findings indicate that the association between the subjective effects of drugs and reward-related brain activity depends on the drugs, tasks or subject samples under study.
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15
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Aryan N, Banafshe HR, Farnia V, Shakeri J, Alikhani M, Rahimi H, Sehat M, Mamsharifi P, Ghaderi A, Omidi A. The therapeutic effects of methylphenidate and matrix-methylphenidate on addiction severity, craving, relapse and mental health in the methamphetamine use disorder. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:72. [PMID: 32977820 PMCID: PMC7519552 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Little evidence has examined the therapeutic effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and Matrix Model treatment on addiction severity, craving, relapse and mental health in people who use methamphetamine (PWUM). This study was conducted to determine the effects of MPH, Matrix Model treatment, and Matrix-MPH on addiction severity, craving, relapse and mental health in PWUM. Methods This clinical trial was conducted among 100 patients with METH users. Participants were randomly divided into four groups who received: 1) 22 sessions of 45-min, twice a week for Matrix Model treatment (n = 25); 2) MPH 10 mg/day in the first month, 7.5 mg/day in the second month and 5 mg/day in the third month (n = 25); 3) Matrix Model treatment combined with MPH (n = 25); 4) control group (n = 25) for 12 weeks. Addiction severity, craving, relapse and mental status were evaluated at baseline and end-of-trial. Results Matrix Model treatment combined with MPH significantly reduced MA craving (P < 0.001) and addiction severity (P < 0.001). In addition, Matrix Model treatment combined with MPH resulted in a significant increase of mental health (P = 0.001), compared with Matrix Model treatment, MPH, and control group. Also, negative METH urine test significantly increased in the Matrix Model treatment combined with MPH group compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions In conclusion, Matrix Model treatment combined with MPH for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on addiction severity, craving, relapse, and mental health in PWUM, compared with Matrix Model treatment, MPH, and control group. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for clinical trials registration (http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20171105037245N1). Registration date: 9 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aryan
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jalal Shakeri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibollah Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Department of Community Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Mamsharifi
- Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Clinical Research development unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Omidi
- Department of clinical psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
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16
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Seow LSE, Ong WJ, Hombali A, AshaRani PV, Subramaniam M. A Scoping Review on Cue Reactivity in Methamphetamine Use Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6504. [PMID: 32906716 PMCID: PMC7558044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The experience of craving via exposure to drug-related cues often leads to relapse in drug users. This study consolidated existing empirical evidences of cue reactivity to methamphetamine to provide an overview of current literature and to inform the directions for future research. The best practice methodological framework for conducting scoping review by Arkey and O'Malley was adopted. Studies that have used a cue paradigm or reported on cue reactivity in persons with a history of methamphetamine use were included. Databases such as Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched using key terms, in addition to citation check and hand search. The search resulted in a total of 32 original research articles published between 2006 to 2020. Three main themes with regard to cue reactivity were identified and synthesized: (1) effects of cue exposure, (2) individual factors associated with cue reactivity, and (3) strategies that modulate craving or reactivity to cues. Exposure to methamphetamine-associated cues elicits significant craving and other autonomic reactivity. Evidence suggests that drug cue reactivity is strongly associated with indices of drug use and other individual-specific factors. Future studies should focus on high quality studies to support evidence-based interventions for reducing cue reactivity and to examine cue reactivity as an outcome measure.
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17
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Ekhtiari H, Kuplicki R, Pruthi A, Paulus M. Methamphetamine and Opioid Cue Database (MOCD): Development and Validation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107941. [PMID: 32146357 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug cue reactivity (DCR) is widely used in experimental settings for both assessment and intervention. There is no validated database of pictorial cues available for methamphetamine and opioids. METHODS 360 images in three-groups (methamphetamine, opioid and neutral (control)) matched for their content (objects, hands, faces and actions) were selected in an initial development phase. 28 participants with a history of both methamphetamine and opioid use (37.71 ± 8.11 years old, 12 female) with over six months of abstinence were asked to rate images for craving, valence, arousal, typicality and relatedness. RESULTS All drug images were differentiated from neutral images. Drug related images received higher arousal and lower valence ratings compared to neutral images (craving (0-100) for neutral (11.5 ± 21.9), opioid (87.7 ± 18.5) and methamphetamine (88 ± 18), arousal (1-9) for neutral (2.4 ± 1.9), opioid (4.6 ± 2.7) and methamphetamine (4.6 ± 2.6), and valence (1-9) for neutral (4.8 ± 1.3), opioid (4.4 ± 1.9) and methamphetamine (4.4 ± 1.8)). There is no difference between methamphetamine and opioid images in craving, arousal and valence. There is a significant positive relationship between the amount of time that participants spent on drug-related images and the craving they reported for the image. Every 10 points of craving were associated with an increased response time of 383 ms. Three image sets were automatically selected for equivalent fMRI tasks (methamphetamine and opioids) from the database (tasks are available at github). CONCLUSION The methamphetamine and opioid cue database (MOCD) provides a resource of validated images/tasks for future DCR studies. Additionally, researchers can select several sets of unique but equivalent images based-on their psychological/physical characteristics for multiple assessments/interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States.
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States
| | - Asheema Pruthi
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; School of Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma, 4502 E 41st, Tulsa, OK, 74135, United States
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States
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