1
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Garza-Miyazato D, Hanashima S, Umegawa Y, Murata M, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Greimel P. Mode of molecular interaction of triterpenoid saponin ginsenoside Rh2 with membrane lipids in liquid-disordered phases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184366. [PMID: 38960300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a ginseng saponin comprising a triterpene core and one unit of glucose and has attracted much attention due to its diverse biological activities. In the present study, we used small-angle X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, fluorescence microscopy, and MD simulations to investigate the molecular interaction of Rh2 with membrane lipids in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase mainly composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine compared with those in liquid-ordered (Lo) phase mainly composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol. The electron density profiles determined by X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that Rh2 tends to be present in the shallow interior of the bilayer in the Ld phase, while Rh2 accumulation was significantly smaller in the Lo phase. Order parameters at intermediate depths in the bilayer leaflet obtained from 2H NMR spectra and MD simulations indicated that Rh2 reduces the order of the acyl chains of lipids in the Ld phase. The dihydroxy group and glucose moiety at both ends of the hydrophobic triterpene core of Rh2 cause tilting of the molecular axis relative to the membrane normal, which may enhance membrane permeability by loosening the packing of lipid acyl chains. These features of Rh2 are distinct from steroidal saponins such as digitonin and dioscin, which exert strong membrane-disrupting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Garza-Miyazato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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2
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Chiu PL, Orjuela JD, de Groot BL, Aponte-Santamaría C, Walz T. Structure and dynamics of cholesterol-mediated aquaporin-0 arrays and implications for lipid rafts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.16.540959. [PMID: 37292626 PMCID: PMC10245776 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.540959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-0 (AQP0) tetramers form square arrays in lens membranes through a yet unknown mechanism, but lens membranes are enriched in sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Here, we determined electron crystallographic structures of AQP0 in sphingomyelin/cholesterol membranes and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to establish that the observed cholesterol positions represent those seen around an isolated AQP0 tetramer and that the AQP0 tetramer largely defines the location and orientation of most of its associated cholesterol molecules. At a high concentration, cholesterol increases the hydrophobic thickness of the annular lipid shell around AQP0 tetramers, which may thus cluster to mitigate the resulting hydrophobic mismatch. Moreover, neighboring AQP0 tetramers sandwich a cholesterol deep in the center of the membrane. MD simulations show that the association of two AQP0 tetramers is necessary to maintain the deep cholesterol in its position and that the deep cholesterol increases the force required to laterally detach two AQP0 tetramers, not only due to protein-protein contacts but also due to increased lipid-protein complementarity. Since each tetramer interacts with four such 'glue' cholesterols, avidity effects may stabilize larger arrays. The principles proposed to drive AQP0 array formation could also underlie protein clustering in lipid rafts.
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3
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Pamungkas KKP, Fureraj I, Assies L, Sakai N, Mercier V, Chen XX, Vauthey E, Matile S. Core-Alkynylated Fluorescent Flippers: Altered Ultrafast Photophysics to Track Thick Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406204. [PMID: 38758302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent flippers have been introduced as small-molecule probes to image membrane tension in living systems. This study describes the design, synthesis, spectroscopic and imaging properties of flippers that are elongated by one and two alkynes inserted between the push and the pull dithienothiophene domains. The resulting mechanophores combine characteristics of flippers, reporting on physical compression in the ground state, and molecular rotors, reporting on torsional motion in the excited state, to take their photophysics to new level of sophistication. Intensity ratios in broadened excitation bands from differently twisted conformers of core-alkynylated flippers thus report on mechanical compression. Lifetime boosts from ultrafast excited-state planarization and lifetime drops from competitive intersystem crossing into triplet states report on viscosity. In standard lipid bilayer membranes, core-alkynylated flippers are too long for one leaflet and tilt or extend into disordered interleaflet space, which preserves rotor-like torsional disorder and thus weak, blue-shifted fluorescence. Flipper-like planarization occurs only in highly ordered membranes of matching leaflet thickness, where they light up and selectively report on these thick membranes with red-shifted, sharpened excitation maxima, high intensity and long lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Xiao-Xiao Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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5
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Hirano K, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N. Impact of sphingomyelin acyl chain heterogeneity upon properties of raft-like membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184036. [PMID: 36055359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a main component of lipid rafts and characteristic of abundance of long and saturated acyl chains. Recently, we reported that fluorescence-labeled lipids including C16:0 and C18:0SMs retained membrane behaviors of inherent lipids. Here, we newly prepared fluorescent SMs with longer acyl chains, C22:0 and C24:1, for observing their partition and diffusion in SM/cholesterol (chol)/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers. Although fluorescent C24:1SM underwent a uniform distribution between ordered (Lo) and disordered (Ld) phases, other fluorescent SMs with saturated acyl chains were preferentially distributed in the Lo phase. Interestingly, when the acyl chains of fluorescent and membrane SMs are different, distribution of fluorescent SM to the Lo phase was reduced compared to when the acyl chains are the same. This tendency was also observed for C16:0SM/C22:0SM/chol/DOPC quaternary bilayers, where the minor SM was more excluded out of the Lo phase than the major SM. We also found that the coexistence of SMs induces SM efflux out of the Lo phase and simultaneous DOPC influx to the Lo phase, consequently reducing the difference in fluidity between the two phases. These results suggest that physicochemical properties of lipid rafts are regulated by the acyl chain heterogeneity of SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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6
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Sea Anemones, Actinoporins, and Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158771. [PMID: 35955905 PMCID: PMC9369217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spanish or Spanish-speaking scientists represent a remarkably populated group within the scientific community studying pore-forming proteins. Some of these scientists, ourselves included, focus on the study of actinoporins, a fascinating group of metamorphic pore-forming proteins produced within the venom of several sea anemones. These toxic proteins can spontaneously transit from a water-soluble fold to an integral membrane ensemble because they specifically recognize sphingomyelin in the membrane. Once they bind to the bilayer, they subsequently oligomerize into a pore that triggers cell-death by osmotic shock. In addition to sphingomyelin, some actinoporins are especially sensible to some other membrane components such as cholesterol. Our group from Universidad Complutense of Madrid has focused greatly on the role played by sterols in this water–membrane transition, a question which still remains only partially solved and constitutes the main core of the article below.
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7
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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8
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Siani P, Donadoni E, Ferraro L, Re F, Di Valentin C. Molecular dynamics simulations of doxorubicin in sphingomyelin-based lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1864:183763. [PMID: 34506799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most efficient antitumor drugs employed in numerous cancer therapies. Its incorporation into lipid-based nanocarriers, such as liposomes, improves the drug targeting into tumor cells and reduces drug side effects. The carriers' lipid composition is expected to affect the interactions of DOX and its partitioning into liposomal membranes. To get a rational insight into this aspect and determine promising lipid compositions, we use numerical simulations, which provide unique information on DOX-membrane interactions at the atomic level of resolution. In particular, we combine classical molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to elucidate the mechanism of penetration of a protonated Doxorubicin molecule (DOX+) into potential liposome membranes, here modeled as lipid bilayers based on mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol lipid molecules, of different compositions and lipid phases. Moreover, we analyze DOX+ partitioning into relevant regions of SM-based lipid bilayer systems using a combination of free energy methods. Our results show that DOX+ penetration and partitioning are facilitated into less tightly packed SM-based membranes and are dependent on lipid composition. This work paves the way to further investigations of optimal formulations for lipid-based carriers, such as those associated with pH-responsive membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Siani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Donadoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferraro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Raoul Follereau 3, Vedano al Lambro, MB 20854, Italy; BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
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9
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Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The role of the 'sphingoid motif' in shaping the molecular interactions of sphingolipids in biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183701. [PMID: 34302797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids can be differentiated from other membrane lipids by the distinctive chemistry of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), which is generated by the condensation of an amino acid (normally but not always serine) and a fatty acyl CoA (normally palmitoyl CoA) by the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). The first five carbon atoms of the sphingoid LCB, herein defined as the 'sphingoid motif', are largely responsible for the unique chemical and biophysical properties of sphingolipids since they can undergo a relatively large number (compared to other lipid species) of molecular interactions with other membrane lipids, via hydrogen-bonding, charge-pairing, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. These interactions are responsible, for instance, for the association of sphingolipids with cholesterol in the membrane lipid bilayer. Here, we discuss some of the unique properties of this sphingoid motif, and in addition to outlining how this structural motif drives intra-bilayer interactions, discuss the atomic details of the interactions with two critical players in the biosynthetic pathway, namely SPT, and the ceramide transport protein, CERT. In the former, the selectivity of sphingolipid synthesis relies on a hydrogen bond interaction between Lys379 of SPTLC2 and the l-serine sidechain hydroxyl moiety. In the latter, the entire sphingoid motif is stereoselectively recognized by a hydrogen-bonding network involving all three sphingoid motif heteroatoms. The remarkable selectivity of these interactions, and the subtle means by which these interactions are modified and regulated in eukaryotic cells raises a number of challenging questions about the generation of these proteins, and of their interactions with the sphingoid motif in evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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10
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Palacios-Ortega J, García-Linares S, Rivera-de-Torre E, Heras-Márquez D, Gavilanes JG, Slotte JP, Martínez-Del-Pozo Á. Structural foundations of sticholysin functionality. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140696. [PMID: 34246789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Actinoporins constitute a family of α pore-forming toxins produced by sea anemones. The soluble fold of these proteins consists of a β-sandwich flanked by two α-helices. Actinoporins exert their activity by specifically recognizing sphingomyelin at their target membranes. Once there, they penetrate the membrane with their N-terminal α-helices, a process that leads to the formation of cation-selective pores. These pores kill the target cells by provoking an osmotic shock on them. In this review, we examine the role and relevance of the structural features of actinoporins, down to the residue level. We look at the specific amino acids that play significant roles in the function of actinoporins and their fold. Particular emphasis is given to those residues that display a high degree of conservation across the actinoporin sequences known to date. In light of the latest findings in the field, the membrane requirements for pore formation, the effect of lipid composition, and the process of pore formation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sara García-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego Heras-Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José G Gavilanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Del-Pozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Kinnun JJ, Bolmatov D, Lavrentovich MO, Katsaras J. Lateral heterogeneity and domain formation in cellular membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104976. [PMID: 32946808 PMCID: PMC7491465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Review article describing recent experimental and theoretical membrane lateral heterogeneity research. Describes the static and dynamic physical concepts behind domain formation in model membranes. Describes coarse-grained, phenomenological approaches that result in phases associated with lipid lateral heterogeneity.
As early as the development of the fluid mosaic model for cellular membranes, researchers began observing the telltale signs of lateral heterogeneity. Over the decades this has led to the development of the lipid raft hypothesis and the ensuing controversy that has unfolded, as a result. Here, we review the physical concepts behind domain formation in lipid membranes, both of their structural and dynamic origins. This, then leads into a discussion of coarse-grained, phenomenological approaches that describe the wide range of phases associated with lipid lateral heterogeneity. We use these physical concepts to describe the interaction between raft-lipid species, such as long-chain saturated lipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol, and non-raft forming lipids, such as those with short acyl chains or unsaturated fatty acids. While debate has persisted on the biological relevance of lipid domains, recent research, described here, continues to identify biological roles for rafts and new experimental approaches have revealed the existence of lipid domains in living systems. Given the recent progress on both the biological and structural aspects of raft formation, the research area of membrane lateral heterogeneity will not only expand, but will continue to produce exciting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Kinnun
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
| | - Dima Bolmatov
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - Maxim O Lavrentovich
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
| | - John Katsaras
- Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Sample Environment Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States.
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12
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Smith P, Quinn PJ, Lorenz CD. Two Coexisting Membrane Structures Are Defined by Lateral and Transbilayer Interactions between Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9786-9799. [PMID: 32701297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of fully hydrated bilayers composed of equimolar proportions of palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM) and cholesterol has been examined by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two coexisting bilayer structures, which are distinguished by the transbilayer phosphate-phosphate distance of coupled PSM molecules, are observed by diffraction at 37 °C. The MD simulations reveal that PSM molecules in the thicker membrane are characterized by more ordered, more extended, and less interdigitated hydrocarbon tails compared to those in the thinner membrane. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds further distinguish the two bilayer structures, and we observe the disruption of a sphingomyelin intermolecular hydrogen bond network induced by the proximity of cholesterol. Through an unsupervised clustering of interatomic distances, we show for the first time that the asymmetry of phospholipids is important in driving their interactions with cholesterol. We identify four distinct modes of interaction, two of which lead to the dehydration of cholesterol. These two modes of interaction provide the first description of precise physical mechanisms underlying the umbrella model, which itself explains how phospholipids may shield cholesterol from water. The most dehydrating mode of interaction is particular to the N-acylated fatty acid moiety of PSM and thus may explain the long-held observation that cholesterol preferentially mixes with sphingomyelins over glycerophospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smith
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Peter J Quinn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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13
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Favarin BZ, Bolean M, Ramos AP, Magrini A, Rosato N, Millán JL, Bottini M, Costa-Filho AJ, Ciancaglini P. Lipid composition modulates ATP hydrolysis and calcium phosphate mineral propagation by TNAP-harboring proteoliposomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108482. [PMID: 32710882 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone biomineralization is mediated by a special class of extracellular vesicles, named matrix vesicles (MVs), released by osteogenic cells. The MV membrane is enriched in sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) compared with the parent cells' plasma membrane. TNAP is an ATP phosphohydrolase bound to cell and MV membranes via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Previous studies have shown that the lipid microenvironment influences the catalytic activity of enzymes incorporated into lipid bilayers. However, there is a lack of information about how the lipid microenvironment controls the ability of MV membrane-bound enzymes to induce mineral precipitation. Herein, we used TNAP-harboring proteoliposomes made of either pure dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) or DMPC mixed with either Chol, SM or both of them as MV biomimetic systems to evaluate how the composition modulates the lipid microenvironment and, in turn, TNAP incorporation into the lipid bilayer by means of calorimetry. These results were correlated with the proteoliposomes' catalytic activity and ability to induce the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in vitro. DMPC:SM proteoliposomes displayed the highest efficiency of mineral propagation, apparent affinity for ATP and substrate hydrolysis efficiency, which correlated with their highest degree of membrane organization (highest ΔH), among the tested proteoliposomes. Results obtained from turbidimetry and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the tested proteoliposomes induced ACP precipitation with the order DMPC:SM>DMPC:Chol:SM≈DMPC:Chol>DMPC which correlated with the lipid organization and the presence of SM in the proteoliposome membrane. Our study arises important insights regarding the physical properties and role of lipid organization in MV-mediated mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Z Favarin
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M Bolean
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A P Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A Magrini
- Department of Biopathology and Imaging Diagnostics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - A J Costa-Filho
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ciancaglini
- Department of Chemistry, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Trombik P, Cieślik-Boczula K. Influence of phenothiazine molecules on the interactions between positively charged poly-l-lysine and negatively charged DPPC/DPPG membranes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117563. [PMID: 31689607 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazines are very effective antipsychotic drugs, which also have anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Despite being used in human treatment, the molecular mechanism of the biological actions of these molecules is not yet understood in detail. The role of the interactions between phenothiazines and proteins or lipid membranes has been much discussed. Herein, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies were used to investigate the effect of three phenothiazines: fluphenazine (FPh); chlorpromazine (ChP); and propionylpromazine (PP) on the structures of a positively charged poly-l-lysine (PLL) peptide, a negatively charged dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPC/DPPG) membrane, and on the mutual interactions between electrostatically associated PLL molecules and DPPC/DPPG membranes. Phenothiazine-induced alterations in the secondary structure of PLL, the conformational state (trans/gauche) of the hydrocarbon lipid chains, and the hydration of the DPPC/DPPG membrane interface were studied on the basis of amide I' vibrations, antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the CH2 groups of the lipid hydrocarbon chains (νsCH2), and stretching vibrations of the lipid C=O groups (νC = O), respectively. It was shown that in the presence of negatively charged DPPC/DPPG membranes, the phenothiazines were able to modify the secondary structure of charged PLL molecules. Additionally, the effect of PLL on the structure of DPPC/DPPG membranes was also altered by the presence of the phenothiazine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Trombik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Galván-Hernández A, Kobayashi N, Hernández-Cobos J, Antillón A, Nakabayashi S, Ortega-Blake I. Morphology and dynamics of domains in ergosterol or cholesterol containing membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Wanikawa M, Nakamura H, Emori S, Hashimoto N, Murayama T. Accumulation of sphingomyelin in Niemann‐Pick disease type C cells disrupts Rab9‐dependent vesicular trafficking of cholesterol. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2300-2309. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Wanikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chuo‐ku Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chuo‐ku Chiba Japan
| | - Shunsuke Emori
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chuo‐ku Chiba Japan
| | - Naohiro Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chuo‐ku Chiba Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chuo‐ku Chiba Japan
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17
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Mainali L, Pasenkiewicz-Gierula M, Subczynski WK. Formation of cholesterol Bilayer Domains Precedes Formation of Cholesterol Crystals in Membranes Made of the Major Phospholipids of Human Eye Lens Fiber Cell Plasma Membranes. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:162-172. [PMID: 31462080 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1662058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: The goal of this study is to reveal how age-related changes in phospholipid (PL) composition in the fiber cell plasma membranes of the human eye lens affect the cholesterol (Chol) content at which Chol bilayer domains (CBDs) and Chol crystals start to form.Materials and Methods: Saturation-recovery electron paramagnetic resonance with spin-labeled cholesterol analogs and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the Chol contents at which CBDs and cholesterol crystals, respectively, start to form in in membranes made of the major PL constituents of the plasma membrane of the human eye lens fiber cells. To preserve compositional homogeneity throughout the membrane suspension, the lipid multilamellar dispersions investigated in this work were prepared using a rapid solvent exchange method. The cholesterol content changed from 0 to 75 mol%.Results: The saturation recovery electron paramagnetic resonance results show that CBDs start to form at 33, 50, 46, and 48 mol% Chol in the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin bilayers, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry results show that Chol crystals start to form at 50, 66, 70, and 66 mol% Chol in the phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin bilayers, respectively.Conclusions: These results, as well those of our previous studies, indicate that the formation of CBDs precedes the formation of Chol crystals in all of the studied systems, and the appearance of each depends on the type of PL forming the bilayer. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of Chol-dependent processes in eye lens fiber cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Mainali
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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18
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Mechanism of local anesthetic-induced disruption of raft-like ordered membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1381-1389. [PMID: 31207252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because ordered membrane domains, called lipid rafts, regulate activation of ion channels related to the nerve pulse, lipids rafts are thought to be a possible target for anesthetic molecules. To understand the mechanism of anesthetic action, we examined influence of representative local anesthetics (LAs); dibucaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine, on raft-like liquid-ordered (Lo)/non-raft-like liquid-disordered (Ld) phase separation. METHODS Impact of LAs on the phase separation was observed by fluorescent microscopy. LA-induced perturbation of the Lo and Ld membranes was examined by DPH anisotropy measurements. Incorporation of LAs to the membranes was examined by fluorescent anisotropy of LAs. The biding location of the LAs was indicated by small angle x-ray diffraction (SAXD). RESULTS Fluorescent experiments showed that dibucaine eliminated the phase separation the most effectively, followed by tetracaine and lidocaine. The disruption of the phase separation can be explained by their disordering effects on the Lo membrane. SAXD and other experiments further suggested that dibucaine's most potent perturbation of the Lo membrane is attributable to its deeper immersion and bulky molecular structure. Tetracaine, albeit immersed in the Lo membrane as deeply as dibucaine, less perturbs the Lo membrane probably because of its smaller bulkiness. Lidocaine hardly reaches the hydrophobic region, resulting in the weakest Lo membrane perturbation. CONCLUSION Dibcaine perturbs the Lo membrane the most effectively, followed by tetracaine and lidocaine. This ranking correlates with their anesthetic potency. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests a possible mechanistic link between anesthetic action and perturbation of lipid rafts.
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Palacios-Ortega J, García-Linares S, Rivera-de-Torre E, Gavilanes JG, Martínez-Del-Pozo Á, Slotte JP. Sticholysin, Sphingomyelin, and Cholesterol: A Closer Look at a Tripartite Interaction. Biophys J 2019; 116:2253-2265. [PMID: 31146924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinoporins are a group of soluble toxic proteins that bind to membranes containing sphingomyelin (SM) and oligomerize to form pores. Sticholysin II (StnII) is a member of the actinoporin family produced by Stichodactyla helianthus. Cholesterol (Chol) is known to enhance the activity of StnII. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this activation have remained obscure, although the activation is not Chol specific but rather sterol specific. To further explore how bilayer lipids affect or are affected by StnII, we have used a multiprobe approach (fluorescent analogs of both Chol and SM) in combination with a series of StnII tryptophan (Trp) mutants to study StnII/bilayer interactions. First, we compared StnII bilayer permeabilization in the presence of Chol or oleoyl-ceramide (OCer). The comparison was done because both Chol and OCer have a 1-hydroxyl, which helps to orient the molecule in the bilayer (although OCer has additional polar functional groups). Both Chol and OCer also have increased affinity for SM, which StnII may recognize. However, our results show that only Chol was able to activate StnII-induced bilayer permeabilization; OCer failed to activate it. To further examine possible Chol/StnII interactions, we measured Förster resonance energy transfer between Trp in StnII and cholestatrienol, a fluorescent analog of Chol. We could show higher Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency between cholestatrienol and Trps in position 100 and 114 of StnII when compared to three other Trp positions further away from the bilayer binding region of StnII. Taken together, our results suggest that StnII was able to attract Chol to its vicinity, maybe by showing affinity for Chol. SM interactions are known to be important for StnII binding to bilayers, and Chol is known to facilitate subsequent permeabilization of the bilayers by StnII. Our results help to better understand the role of these important membrane lipids for the bilayer properties of StnII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sara García-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José G Gavilanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Leonard AN, Wang E, Monje-Galvan V, Klauda JB. Developing and Testing of Lipid Force Fields with Applications to Modeling Cellular Membranes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6227-6269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Varsano N, Beghi F, Dadosh T, Elad N, Pereiro E, Haran G, Leiserowitz L, Addadi L. The Effect of the Phospholipid Bilayer Environment on Cholesterol Crystal Polymorphism. Chempluschem 2019; 84:338-344. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
| | - Fabio Beghi
- Department of ChemistryUniversità Degli Studi di Milano Italy
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments DivisionALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Valles 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical & Biological PhysicsWeizmann Institute of Science
| | | | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl Street Rehovot Israel
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22
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Hantal G, Fábián B, Sega M, Jójárt B, Jedlovszky P. Effect of general anesthetics on the properties of lipid membranes of various compositions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:594-609. [PMID: 30571949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Computer simulations of four lipid membranes of different compositions, namely neat DPPC and PSM, and equimolar DPPC-cholesterol and PSM-cholesterol mixtures, are performed in the presence and absence of the general anesthetics diethylether and sevoflurane both at 1 and 600 bar. The results are analyzed in order to identify membrane properties that are potentially related to the molecular mechanism of anesthesia, namely that change in the same way in any membrane with any anesthetics, and change oppositely with increasing pressure. We find that the lateral lipid density satisfies both criteria: it is decreased by anesthetics and increased by pressure. This anesthetic-induced swelling is attributed to only those anesthetic molecules that are located close to the boundary of the apolar phase. This lateral expansion is found to lead to increased lateral mobility of the lipids, an effect often thought to be related to general anesthesia; to an increased fraction of the free volume around the outer preferred position of anesthetics; and to the decrease of the lateral pressure in the nearby range of the ester and amide groups, a region into which anesthetic molecules already cannot penetrate. All these changes are reverted by the increase of pressure. Another important finding of this study is that cholesterol has an opposite effect on the membrane properties than anesthetics, and, correspondingly, these changes are less marked in the presence of cholesterol. Therefore, changes in the membrane that can lead to general anesthesia are expected to occur in the membrane domains of low cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Hantal
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/9, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Institut UTINAM (CNRS UMR 6213), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marcello Sega
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/9, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Jójárt
- Institute of Food Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt 5-7, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka utca 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
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23
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Yano Y, Hanashima S, Yasuda T, Tsuchikawa H, Matsumori N, Kinoshita M, Al Sazzad MA, Slotte JP, Murata M. Sphingomyelin Stereoisomers Reveal That Homophilic Interactions Cause Nanodomain Formation. Biophys J 2018; 115:1530-1540. [PMID: 30274830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin is an abundant lipid in some cellular membrane domains, such as lipid rafts. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of the lipid with surrounding components such as neighboring sphingomyelin and cholesterol (Cho) are widely considered to stabilize the raft-like liquid-ordered (Lo) domains in membrane bilayers. However, details of their interactions responsible for the formation of Lo domains remain largely unknown. In this study, the enantiomer of stearoyl sphingomyelin (ent-SSM) was prepared, and its physicochemical properties were compared with the natural SSM and the diastereomer of SSM to examine possible stereoselective lipid-lipid interactions. Interestingly, differential scanning calorimetry experiments demonstrated that palmitoyl sphingomyelin, with natural stereochemistry, exhibited higher miscibility with SSM bilayers than with ent-SSM bilayers, indicating that the homophilic sphingomyelin interactions occurred in a stereoselective manner. Solid-state 2H NMR revealed that Cho elicited its ordering effect very similarly on SSM and ent-SSM (and even on the diastereomer of SSM), suggesting that SSM-Cho interactions are not significantly affected by stereospecific hydrogen bonding. SSM and ent-SSM formed gel-like domains with very similar lateral packing in SSM/Cho/palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes, as shown by fluorescence lifetime experiments. This observation can be explained by a homophilic hydrogen-bond network, which was largely responsible for the formation of gel-like nanodomains of SSMs (or ent-SSM). Our previous study revealed that Cho-poor gel-like domains contributed significantly to the formation of an Lo phase in sphingomyelin/Cho membranes. The results of the study presented here further show that SSM-SSM interactions occur near the headgroup region, whereas hydrophobic SSM-Cho interactions appeared important in the bilayer interior for Lo domain formation. The homophilic interactions of sphingomyelins could be mainly responsible for the formation of the domains of nanometer size, which may correspond to the small sphingomyelin/Cho-based rafts that temporally occur in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Yano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Espiritu RA. Membrane permeabilizing action of amphidinol 3 and theonellamide A in raft-forming lipid mixtures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:43-48. [PMID: 27159918 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphidinol 3 (AM3) and theonellamide A (TNM-A) are potent antifungal compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii and the sponge Theonella spp., respectively. Both of these metabolites have been demonstrated to interact with membrane lipids ultimately resulting in a compromised bilayer integrity. In this report, the activity of AM3 and TNM-A in ternary lipid mixtures composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (POPC):brain sphingomyelin:cholesterol at a mole ratio of 1:1:1 or 3:1:1 exhibiting lipid rafts coexistence is presented. It was found that AM3 has a more extensive membrane permeabilizing activity compared with TNM-A in these membrane mimics, which was almost complete at 15 μM. The extent of their activity nevertheless is similar to the previously reported binary system of POPC and cholesterol, suggesting that phase separation has neither beneficial nor detrimental effects in their ability to disrupt the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Espiritu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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25
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Wang E, Klauda JB. Examination of Mixtures Containing Sphingomyelin and Cholesterol by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4833-4844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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26
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High Cholesterol/Low Cholesterol: Effects in Biological Membranes: A Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:369-385. [PMID: 28417231 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipid composition determines membrane properties, and cholesterol plays a major role in this determination as it regulates membrane fluidity and permeability, as well as induces the formation of coexisting phases and domains in the membrane. Biological membranes display a very diverse lipid composition, the lateral organization of which plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of membrane functions. We hypothesize that, during biological evolution, membranes with a particular cholesterol content were selected to perform certain functions in the cells of eukaryotic organisms. In this review, we discuss the major membrane properties induced by cholesterol, and their relationship to certain membrane functions.
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27
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García-Linares S, Rivera-de-Torre E, Palacios-Ortega J, Gavilanes JG, Martínez-del-Pozo Á. The Metamorphic Transformation of a Water-Soluble Monomeric Protein Into an Oligomeric Transmembrane Pore. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Olżyńska A, Cwiklik L. Behavior of sphingomyelin and ceramide in a tear film lipid layer model. Ann Anat 2016; 210:128-134. [PMID: 27837653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tear film lipid layer is a complex lipid mixture forming the outermost interface between eye and environment. Its key characteristics, such as surface tension and structural stability, are governed by the presence of polar lipids. The origin of these lipids and exact composition of the mixture are still elusive. We focus on two minor polar lipid components of the tear film lipid later: sphingomyelin and ceramide. By employing coarse grain molecular dynamics in silico simulations accompanied by Langmuir balance experiments we provide molecular-level insight into behavior of these two lipids in a tear film lipid layer model. Sphingomyelin headgroups are significantly exposed at the water-lipids boundary while ceramide molecules are incorporated between other lipids frequently interacting with nonpolar lipids. Even though these two lipids increase surface tension of the film, their molecular-level behavior suggests that they have a stabilizing effect on the tear film lipid layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic.
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29
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Hashimoto N, Matsumoto I, Takahashi H, Ashikawa H, Nakamura H, Murayama T. Cholesterol-dependent increases in glucosylceramide synthase activity in Niemann-Pick disease type C model cells: Abnormal trafficking of endogenously formed ceramide metabolites by inhibition of the enzyme. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:458-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Yasuda T, Al Sazzad MA, Jäntti NZ, Pentikäinen OT, Slotte JP. The Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on Sphingomyelin/Colipid Interactions in Bilayer Membranes. Biophys J 2016; 110:431-440. [PMID: 26789766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid acyl chain composition and order, the hydrogen bonding, and properties of the phospholipid headgroup all influence cholesterol/phospholipid interactions in hydrated bilayers. In this study, we examined the influence of hydrogen bonding on sphingomyelin (SM) colipid interactions in fluid uni- and multilamellar vesicles. We have compared the properties of oleoyl or palmitoyl SM with comparable dihydro-SMs, because the hydrogen bonding properties of SM and dihydro-SM differ. The association of cholestatrienol, a fluorescent cholesterol analog, with oleoyl sphingomyelin (OSM) was significantly stronger than its association with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, in bilayers with equal acyl chain order. The association of cholestatrienol with dihydro-OSM, which lacks a trans double bond in the sphingoid base, was even stronger than the association with OSM, suggesting an important role for hydrogen bonding in stabilizing sterol/SM interactions. Furthermore, with saturated SM in the presence of 15 mol % cholesterol, cholesterol association with fluid dihydro-palmitoyl SM bilayers was stronger than seen with palmitoyl SM under similar conditions. The different hydrogen bonding properties in OSM and dihydro-OSM bilayers also influenced the segregation of palmitoyl ceramide and dipalmitoylglycerol into an ordered phase. The ordered, palmitoyl ceramide-rich phase started to form above 2 mol % in the dihydro-OSM bilayers but only above 6 mol % in the OSM bilayers. The lateral segregation of dipalmitoylglycerol was also much more pronounced in dihydro-OSM bilayers than in OSM bilayers. The results show that hydrogen bonding is important for sterol/SM and ceramide/SM interactions, as well as for the lateral segregation of a diglyceride. A possible molecular explanation for the different hydrogen bonding in SM and dihydro-SM bilayers is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yasuda
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Niklas Z Jäntti
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Computational Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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31
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Lazzarini A, Macchiarulo A, Floridi A, Coletti A, Cataldi S, Codini M, Lazzarini R, Bartoccini E, Cascianelli G, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Beccari T, Curcio F, Albi E. Very-long-chain fatty acid sphingomyelin in nuclear lipid microdomains of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells: can the exchange from C24:0 to C16:0 affect signal proteins and vitamin D receptor? Mol Biol Cell 2016; 26:2418-25. [PMID: 26124436 PMCID: PMC4571297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid microdomains localized in the inner nuclear membrane are considered platforms for active chromatin anchoring. Stimuli such as surgery, vitamin D, or glucocorticoid drugs influence their gene expression, DNA duplication, and RNA synthesis. In this study, we used ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify sphingomyelin (SM) species coupled with immunoblot analysis to comprehensively map differences in nuclear lipid microdomains (NLMs) purified from hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. We showed that NLMs lost saturated very-long-chain fatty acid (FA; C24:0) SM in cancer cells and became enriched in long-chain FA (C16:0) SM. We also found that signaling proteins, such as STAT3, Raf1, and PKCζ, were increased and vitamin D receptor was reduced in cancer cells. Because recent researches showed a shift in sphingolipid composition from C24:0 to C16:0 in relation to cell life, we performed a comparative analysis of properties among C16:0 SM, C24:0 SM, and cholesterol. Our results led us to hypothesize that the enrichment of C16:0 SM could determine enhanced dynamic properties of NLMs in cancer cells with an increased shuttling of protein signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Remo Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bartoccini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, 06100 Perugia, Italy
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32
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Pasenkiewicz-Gierula M, Baczynski K, Markiewicz M, Murzyn K. Computer modelling studies of the bilayer/water interface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2305-2321. [PMID: 26825705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises high resolution studies on the interface of lamellar lipid bilayers composed of the most typical lipid molecules which constitute the lipid matrix of biomembranes. The presented results were obtained predominantly by computer modelling methods. Whenever possible, the results were compared with experimental results obtained for similar systems. The first and main section of the review is concerned with the bilayer-water interface and is divided into four subsections. The first describes the simplest case, where the interface consists only of lipid head groups and water molecules and focuses on interactions between the lipid heads and water molecules; the second describes the interface containing also mono- and divalent ions and concentrates on lipid-ion interactions; the third describes direct inter-lipid interactions. These three subsections are followed by a discussion on the network of direct and indirect inter-lipid interactions at the bilayer interface. The second section summarises recent computer simulation studies on the interactions of antibacterial membrane active compounds with various models of the bacterial outer membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pasenkiewicz-Gierula
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Baczynski
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Markiewicz
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Murzyn
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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33
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Venable RM, Sodt AJ, Rogaski B, Rui H, Hatcher E, MacKerell AD, Pastor RW, Klauda JB. CHARMM all-atom additive force field for sphingomyelin: elucidation of hydrogen bonding and of positive curvature. Biophys J 2015; 107:134-45. [PMID: 24988348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The C36 CHARMM lipid force field has been extended to include sphingolipids, via a combination of high-level quantum mechanical calculations on small molecule fragments, and validation by extensive molecular dynamics simulations on N-palmitoyl and N-stearoyl sphingomyelin. NMR data on these two molecules from several studies in bilayers and micelles played a strong role in the development and testing of the force field parameters. Most previous force fields for sphingomyelins were developed before the availability of the detailed NMR data and relied on x-ray diffraction of bilayers alone for the validation; these are shown to be too dense in the bilayer plane based on published chain order parameter data from simulations and experiments. The present simulations reveal O-H:::O-P intralipid hydrogen bonding occurs 99% of the time, and interlipid N-H:::O=C (26-29%, depending on the lipid) and N-H:::O-H (17-19%). The interlipid hydrogen bonds are long lived, showing decay times of 50 ns, and forming strings of lipids, and leading to reorientational correlation time of nearly 100 ns. The spontaneous radius of curvature for pure N-palmitoyl sphingomyelin bilayers is estimated to be 43-100 Å, depending on the assumptions made in assigning a bending constant; this unusual positive curvature for a two-tailed neutral lipid is likely associated with hydrogen bond networks involving the NH of the sphingosine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Venable
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brent Rogaski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Huan Rui
- Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Elizabeth Hatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.
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34
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Alm I, García-Linares S, Gavilanes JG, Martínez-Del-Pozo Á, Slotte JP. Cholesterol stimulates and ceramide inhibits Sticholysin II-induced pore formation in complex bilayer membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:925-31. [PMID: 25546840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pore forming capacity of Sticholysin II (StnII; isolated from Stichodactyla helianthus) in bilayer membranes containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM) and either cholesterol or palmitoyl ceramide (PCer) has been examined. The aim of the study was to elucidate how the presence of differently ordered PSM domains affected StnII oligomerization and pore formation. Cholesterol is known to enhance pore formation by StnII, and our results confirmed this and provide kinetic information for the process. The effect of cholesterol on bilayer permeabilization kinetics was concentration-dependent. In the concentration regime used (2.5-10nmol cholesterol in POPC:PSM 80:20 by nmol), cholesterol also increased the acyl chain order in the fluid PSM domain and thus decreased bilayer fluidity, suggesting that fluidity per se was not responsible for cholesterol's effect. Addition of PCer (2.5-10nmol) to the POPC:PSM (80:20 by nmol) bilayers attenuated StnII-induced pore formation, again in a concentration-dependent fashion. This addition also led to the formation of a PCer-rich gel phase. Addition of cholesterol to PCer-containing membranes could partially reduce the inhibitory effect of PCer on StnII pore formation. We conclude that the physical state of PSM (as influenced by either cholesterol or PCer) affected StnII binding and pore formation under the conditions examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Alm
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sara García-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José G Gavilanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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35
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Róg T, Vattulainen I. Cholesterol, sphingolipids, and glycolipids: what do we know about their role in raft-like membranes? Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 184:82-104. [PMID: 25444976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids rafts are considered to be functional nanoscale membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, characteristic in particular of the external leaflet of cell membranes. Lipids, together with membrane-associated proteins, are therefore considered to form nanoscale units with potential specific functions. Although the understanding of the structure of rafts in living cells is quite limited, the possible functions of rafts are widely discussed in the literature, highlighting their importance in cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the understanding of rafts that has emerged based on recent atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation studies on the key lipid raft components, which include cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and the proteins interacting with these classes of lipids. The simulation results are compared to experiments when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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36
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ApoA-I/HDL Generation and Intracellular Cholesterol Transport through Cytosolic Lipid-Protein Particles in Astrocytes. J Lipids 2014; 2014:530720. [PMID: 25197575 PMCID: PMC4146353 DOI: 10.1155/2014/530720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) associates with ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) on the cell surface of astrocytes like various peripheral cells and enhances the translocation of newly synthesized cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus (ER/Golgi) to the cytosol. The cholesterol translocated to the cytosol is incorporated to cytosolic lipid-protein particles (CLPP) together with phospholipids and proteins such as sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, caveolin-1, protein kinase Cα (PK-Cα), and cyclophilin A. The CLPP are high density lipoproteins- (HDL-)like cytosolic lipid-protein complex with densities of 1.09–1.16 g/mL and diameters of 17-18 nm. The association of exogenous apoA-I with cellular ABCA1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation, activation, and translocation to the CLPP of ABCA1-associated phospholipase Cγ (PL-Cγ) in rat astrocytes. Furthermore, PK-Cα is translocated and activated to/in the CLPP through theproduction of diacylglyceride in the CLPP. ApoA-I enhances both the association of CLPP with microtubules and the phosphorylation of α-tubulin as a component of microtubules. The CLPP are dissociated from microtubules after α-tubulin in microtubules is phosphorylated by the CLPP-associated PK-Cα. The association and dissociation between CLPP and microtubules may participate in the intracellular transport of cholesterol to the plasma membrane.
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37
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Reis A, Rudnitskaya A, Blackburn GJ, Mohd Fauzi N, Pitt AR, Spickett CM. A comparison of five lipid extraction solvent systems for lipidomic studies of human LDL. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1812-24. [PMID: 23670529 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidome profile of fluids and tissues is a growing field as the role of lipids as signaling molecules is increasingly understood, relying on an effective and representative extraction of the lipids present. A number of solvent systems suitable for lipid extraction are commonly in use, though no comprehensive investigation of their effectiveness across multiple lipid classes has been carried out. To address this, human LDL from normolipidemic volunteers was used to evaluate five different solvent extraction protocols [Folch, Bligh and Dyer, acidified Bligh and Dyer, methanol (MeOH)-tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME), and hexane-isopropanol] and the extracted lipids were analyzed by LC-MS in a high-resolution instrument equipped with polarity switching. Overall, more than 350 different lipid species from 19 lipid subclasses were identified. Solvent composition had a small effect on the extraction of predominant lipid classes (triacylglycerides, cholesterol esters, and phosphatidylcholines). In contrast, extraction of less abundant lipids (phosphatidylinositols, lyso-lipids, ceramides, and cholesterol sulfates) was greatly influenced by the solvent system used. Overall, the Folch method was most effective for the extraction of a broad range of lipid classes in LDL, although the hexane-isopropanol method was best for apolar lipids and the MeOH-TBME method was suitable for lactosyl ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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38
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Lönnfors M, Långvik O, Björkbom A, Slotte JP. Cholesteryl phosphocholine--a study on its interactions with ceramides and other membrane lipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2319-2329. [PMID: 23356741 DOI: 10.1021/la3051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We prepared cholesteryl phosphocholine (CholPC) by chemical synthesis and studied its interactions with small (ceramide and cholesterol) and large headgroup (sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine) colipids in bilayer membranes. We established that CholPC could form bilayers (giant uni- and multilamellar vesicles, as well as extruded large unilamellar vesicles) with both ceramides and cholesterol (initial molar ratio 1:1). The extruded bilayers appeared to be fluid, although highly ordered, even when the ceramide had an N-linked palmitoyl acyl chain. In binary systems containing CholPC and either palmitoyl SM or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholine, CholPC markedly destabilized the gel phase of the respective large headgroup lipid. In 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers, CholPC was much less efficient than cholesterol in ordering the acyl chains. In complex bilayers containing POPC and cholesterol or palmitoyl ceramide, CholPC appeared to prefer interacting with the small headgroup lipids over POPC. When the degree of order in CholPC/PCer bilayers was compared to Chol/PSM bilayers, CholPC/PCer bilayers were more disordered (based on DPH anisotropy). This finding may result from different headgroup orientation and dynamics in CholPC and PSM. Our results overall can be understood if one takes into account the molecular shape of CholPC (large polar headgroup and modest size hydrophobic part) when interpreting molecular interactions between small and large headgroup colipids. The results are also consistent with the proposed umbrella model" for explaining cholesterol/colipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lönnfors
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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39
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Peter Slotte J. Molecular properties of various structurally defined sphingomyelins -- correlation of structure with function. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:206-19. [PMID: 23295259 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins are important phospholipids in plasma membranes of most cells. Because of their dominantly saturated nature, they affect the lateral structure of membranes, and contribute to the regulation of cholesterol distribution within membranes, and in cells. However, the abundance of molecular species present in cells also implies that sphingomyelins have other, more specific functions. Many of these functions are currently unknown, but are under extensive study. Mostly model membrane studies have shown that sphingomyelins (and other sphingolipids), in contrast to glycerophospholipids, have important hydrogen bonding properties which in several important ways confer specific functional properties to this abundant class of membrane phospholipids. The often very asymmetric nature of sphingomyelins, arising from mismatch in length between the long chain base and N-acyl chains, also impose specific properties (e.g., interdigitation) to sphingomyelins not seen with glycerophospholipids. In this review, the latest sphingomyelin literature will be scrutinized, and an effort will be made to correlate the molecular structure of sphingomyelin with functional properties. In particular, the effects of head group properties, interfacial hydrogen bonding, long chain base hydroxylation, N-acyl chain hydroxylation, and N-acyl chain methyl-branching will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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40
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Polley A, Vemparala S, Rao M. Atomistic Simulations of a Multicomponent Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13403-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3032868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Polley
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 080, India
| | | | - Madan Rao
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 080, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore
560 065, India
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41
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Ernst AM, Contreras FX, Thiele C, Wieland F, Brügger B. Mutual recognition of sphingolipid molecular species in membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2616-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Matsumori N, Yasuda T, Okazaki H, Suzuki T, Yamaguchi T, Tsuchikawa H, Doi M, Oishi T, Murata M. Comprehensive Molecular Motion Capture for Sphingomyelin by Site-Specific Deuterium Labeling. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8363-70. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3009399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO,
Lipid Active Structure
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Doi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Sciences, Kyushu University,
Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka,
Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO,
Lipid Active Structure
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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43
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Hadley KR, McCabe C. A Simulation Study of the Self-Assembly of Coarse-Grained Skin Lipids. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:4802-4814. [PMID: 22899964 PMCID: PMC3418889 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm07204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Computer simulations are an attractive means by which to probe the self-assembly and molecular level organization of lipids in biological membranes. In this work, we study a simple skin lipid system to demonstrate the ability of the coarse-grained models used for fatty acids, cholesterol, and water to self-assemble, thus validating the models for use in further studies of the complex lipid mixtures found in the outermost layer of the skin. Specifically, the ability of the models to predict the correct self-assembled structures from molecular dynamics simulations is compared against those seen experimentally and from all-atom simulations of preassembled bilayers. The nature of the molecular interactions and their roles in the self-assembly process is elucidated and heuristics for self-assembly established. Additionally, the coarse-grained models have been used to characterize the effect of varying cholesterol composition on bilayer properties and the mechanism of bilayer destabilization by short and long chain fatty acids in the presence of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Hadley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235-1604
| | - C. McCabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235-1604
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235-1604
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44
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Saito H, Shinoda W. Cholesterol Effect on Water Permeability through DPPC and PSM Lipid Bilayers: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:15241-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201611p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Saito
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Matsumori N, Tanada N, Nozu K, Okazaki H, Oishi T, Murata M. Design and synthesis of sphingomyelin-cholesterol conjugates and their formation of ordered membranes. Chemistry 2011; 17:8568-75. [PMID: 21728198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A lipid raft is a cholesterol (Chol)-rich microdomain floating in a sea of lipid bilayers. Although Chol is thought to interact preferentially with sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), rather than with glycerophospholipids, the origin of the specific interaction has remained unresolved, primarily because of the high mobility of lipid molecules and weak intermolecular interactions. In this study, we synthesized SM-Chol conjugates with functionally designed linker portions to restrain Chol mobility and examined their formation of ordered membranes by a detergent insolubility assay, fluorescence anisotropy experiments, and fluorescence-quenching assay. In all of the tests, membranes prepared from the conjugates showed properties of ordered domains comparable to a SM-Chol (1:1) membrane. To gain insight into the structure of bilayers composed from the conjugates, we performed molecular dynamics simulations with 64 molecules of the conjugates, which suggested that the conjugates form a stable bilayer structure by bending at the linker portion and, mostly, reproduce the hydrogen bonds between the SM and Chol portions. These results imply that the molecular recognition between SM and Chol in an ordered domain is essentially reproduced by the conjugated molecules and, thus, demonstrates that these conjugate molecules could potentially serve as molecular probes for understanding molecular recognition in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Sergelius C, Yamaguchi S, Yamamoto T, Slotte JP, Katsumura S. N-cholesteryl sphingomyelin—A synthetic sphingolipid with unique membrane properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1054-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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N- and O-methylation of sphingomyelin markedly affects its membrane properties and interactions with cholesterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Effect of sphingomyelin headgroup size on molecular properties and interactions with cholesterol. Biophys J 2011; 99:3300-8. [PMID: 21081078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelins (SMs) and sterols are important constituents of the plasma membrane and have also been identified as major lipid components in membrane rafts. Using SM analogs with decreasing headgroup methylation, we systemically analyzed the effect of headgroup size on membrane properties and interactions with cholesterol. An increase in headgroup size resulted in a decrease in the main phase transition. Atom-scale molecular-dynamics simulations were in agreement with the fluorescence anisotropy experiments, showing that molecular areas increased and acyl chain order decreased with increasing headgroup size. Furthermore, the transition temperatures were constantly higher for SM headgroup analogs compared to corresponding phosphatidylcholine headgroup analogs. The sterol affinity for phospholipid bilayers was assessed using a sterol-partitioning assay and an increased headgroup size increased sterol affinity for the bilayer, with a higher sterol affinity for SM analogs as compared to phosphatidylcholine analogs. Moreover, the size of the headgroup affected the formation and composition of cholesterol-containing ordered domains. Palmitoyl-SM (the largest headgroup) seemed to attract more cholesterol into ordered domains than the other SM analogs with smaller headgroups. The ordering and condensing effect of cholesterol on membrane lipids was also largest for palmitoyl-SM as compared to the smaller SM analogs. The results show that the size of the SM headgroup is crucially important for SM-SM and SM-sterol interactions. Our results further emphasize that interfacial electrostatic interactions are important for stabilizing cholesterol interactions with SMs.
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Ekholm O, Jaikishan S, Lönnfors M, Nyholm TK, Slotte JP. Membrane bilayer properties of sphingomyelins with amide-linked 2- or 3-hydroxylated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:727-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Biological Function of the Cellular Lipid BMP—BMP as a Key Activator for Cholesterol Sorting and Membrane Digestion. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:1594-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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