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Aydin F, Durumeric AEP, da Hora GCA, Nguyen JDM, Oh MI, Swanson JMJ. Improving the accuracy and convergence of drug permeation simulations via machine-learned collective variables. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:045101. [PMID: 34340389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the permeation of biomolecules through cellular membranes is critical for many biotechnological applications, including targeted drug delivery, pathogen detection, and the development of new antibiotics. To this end, computer simulations are routinely used to probe the underlying mechanisms of membrane permeation. Despite great progress and continued development, permeation simulations of realistic systems (e.g., more complex drug molecules or biologics through heterogeneous membranes) remain extremely challenging if not intractable. In this work, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with transition-tempered metadynamics and techniques from the variational approach to conformational dynamics to study the permeation mechanism of a drug molecule, trimethoprim, through a multicomponent membrane. We show that collective variables (CVs) obtained from an unsupervised machine learning algorithm called time-structure based Independent Component Analysis (tICA) improve performance and substantially accelerate convergence of permeation potential of mean force (PMF) calculations. The addition of cholesterol to the lipid bilayer is shown to increase both the width and height of the free energy barrier due to a condensing effect (lower area per lipid) and increase bilayer thickness. Additionally, the tICA CVs reveal a subtle effect of cholesterol increasing the resistance to permeation in the lipid head group region, which is not observed when canonical CVs are used. We conclude that the use of tICA CVs can enable more efficient PMF calculations with additional insight into the permeation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Aydin
- Quantum Simulation Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - Gabriel C A da Hora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - John D M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Myong In Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Jessica M J Swanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Liu C, Zhang M, Liu K, Zhao Y, Li Z. Untargeted Global Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Tripropylamine-Enhanced Lycopene Accumulation in Blakeslea trispora. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673225. [PMID: 34150732 PMCID: PMC8207141 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously determined that the cyclase inhibitor tripropylamine (TPA) significantly enhances lycopene accumulation in Blakeslea trispora. To elucidate the mechanism of TPA-enhanced lycopene accumulation, the untargeted metabolome of B. trispora treated with TPA was analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Forty-two differential metabolites were identified, of which 15 significantly differential metabolites meeting the following parameters were screened: variable importance for the projection > 1, P < 0.05, and fold change > 1.5. The down-regulated metabolites were mainly cyclic dipeptides, bacteriostatic compounds, and lipids, while the up-regulated metabolites were mainly unsaturated fatty acid. Furthermore, the bacteriostatic ability was poor, the extracellular and intracellular pH levels were high, and hyphae with vesicles were swollen locally in B. trispora after treatment with TPA. Our data suggest that the TPA enhances lycopene accumulation not only by inhibiting the cyclization of β-carotene but also by down-regulating cyclic dipeptides for quorum sensing; up-regulating unsaturated fatty acids, 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 4-hydroxybenzoate and down-regulating choline, resulting in locally swelling mycelium with vacuoles; and down-regulating bacteriostatic metabolites for metabolic flux redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cunping Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zexu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Hu S, Zhao T, Li H, Cheng D, Sun Z. Effect of tetracaine on dynamic reorganization of lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183351. [PMID: 32416192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand the intrinsic influence of a drug on lipid membranes is of critical importance in pharmacological science. Herein, we report fluorescence microscopy analysis of the interaction between the local anesthetic tetracaine (TTC) and planar supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), as model membranes. Our results show that TTC increases lipid chain mobility, destabilizes the SLBs and remarkably induces membrane disruption and solubilization. Upon TTC binding, a local curvature change in the bilayer was observed, which led to the subsequent formation of up to 20-μm-long flexible lipid tubules as well as the formation of micron-size holes. Quantitative analysis revealed that membrane solubilization process can be divided into two distinct different stages as a function of TTC concentration. In the first stage (<800 μM), the bilayer disruption profiles fit well to a Langmuir isotherm, while in the second stage (800 μM-25 mM), TTC solubilizes the membrane in a detergent-like manner. Notably, the onset of membrane solubilization occurred below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of TTC, indicating a local accumulation of the drug in the membrane. Additionally, cholesterol increases the insertion of TTC into the membrane and thus promotes the solubilization effect of TTC on lipid bilayers. These findings may help to elucidate the possible mechanisms of TTC interaction with lipid membranes, the dose dependent toxicity attributed to local anesthetics, as well as provide valuable information for drug development and modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hewen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Danling Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
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Wood I, Fabian L, Moglioni A, Cabeça LF, de Paula E, Pickholz M. Combining nuclear magnetic resonance with molecular dynamics simulations to address sumatriptan interaction with model membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mechanism of local anesthetic-induced disruption of raft-like ordered membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1381-1389. [PMID: 31207252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because ordered membrane domains, called lipid rafts, regulate activation of ion channels related to the nerve pulse, lipids rafts are thought to be a possible target for anesthetic molecules. To understand the mechanism of anesthetic action, we examined influence of representative local anesthetics (LAs); dibucaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine, on raft-like liquid-ordered (Lo)/non-raft-like liquid-disordered (Ld) phase separation. METHODS Impact of LAs on the phase separation was observed by fluorescent microscopy. LA-induced perturbation of the Lo and Ld membranes was examined by DPH anisotropy measurements. Incorporation of LAs to the membranes was examined by fluorescent anisotropy of LAs. The biding location of the LAs was indicated by small angle x-ray diffraction (SAXD). RESULTS Fluorescent experiments showed that dibucaine eliminated the phase separation the most effectively, followed by tetracaine and lidocaine. The disruption of the phase separation can be explained by their disordering effects on the Lo membrane. SAXD and other experiments further suggested that dibucaine's most potent perturbation of the Lo membrane is attributable to its deeper immersion and bulky molecular structure. Tetracaine, albeit immersed in the Lo membrane as deeply as dibucaine, less perturbs the Lo membrane probably because of its smaller bulkiness. Lidocaine hardly reaches the hydrophobic region, resulting in the weakest Lo membrane perturbation. CONCLUSION Dibcaine perturbs the Lo membrane the most effectively, followed by tetracaine and lidocaine. This ranking correlates with their anesthetic potency. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests a possible mechanistic link between anesthetic action and perturbation of lipid rafts.
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Ionic gradient liposomes: Recent advances in the stable entrapment and prolonged released of local anesthetics and anticancer drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Efimova SS, Chulkov EG, Ostroumova OS. Lipid-mediated mode of action of local anesthetics on lipid pores induced by polyenes, peptides and lipopeptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018. [PMID: 29525621 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of local anesthetics (LAs), namely, lidocaine (LDC), prilocaine (PLC), mepivacaine (MPV), bupivacaine (BPV), procaine (PC), and tetracaine (TTC), on the steady-state transmembrane conductance induced by the cis-side addition of the antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotic, nystatin (NYS), in planar lipid bilayers were studied. The addition of TTC to model membranes comprising DOPC and cholesterol (33 mol%) led to a nearly twenty-fold increase in the steady-state NYS-induced membrane conductance. BPV slightly enhanced the channel-forming activity of polyene. LDC, PLC, MPV, and PC did not affect the NYS-induced transmembrane current. We concluded that the effects of LAs on the channel-forming activity of NYS were in agreement with their effects on the elastic properties of model membranes. The ability of aminoamide LAs to promote calcein leakage from large unilamellar DOPC-vesicles was decreased in the following order: BPV >> LDC ≈ PLC ≈ MPV. LDC, PLC, and MPV produced a graded leakage of fluorescent marker from liposomes, up to 10-13%. A initial sharp jump in fluorescence after the introduction of BPV was attributed to the solubilization of liposomes and the formation of mixed DOPC:BPV-micelles. Differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) of large unilamellar DPPC-vesicles showed that the main transition temperature (Tm) is continuously decreased upon increasing concentrations of TTC. A sharp drop in the enthalpy of the transition at higher TTC concentrations indicated a formation of anesthetic/lipid mixed micelles. In contrast to TTC, PC slightly decreased Tm, broadened the DSC signal and did not provoke vesicle-to-micelle transition. Both the calcein leakage and DSC data together with the results of measurements of threshold voltages that are required to cause the lipid bilayer breakdown might indicate an alteration in the curvature lipid packing stress, induced by BPV and TTC. The data presented here lend support to a lipid-mediated mode of LAs action on NYS pores via an alteration in curvature stress near the trans-mouth. Similar results were obtained for several lipid pores, formed by polyene amphotericin B, lipopeptide syringomycin E, and the peptides magainin and melittin. This finding further developed the concept of non-specific regulation of lipid pores by LAs. In conclusion, the combination of nystatin with LAs could be a novel treatment for efficient therapy of superficial and mucosal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Evgeny G Chulkov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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Ozgür B, Saaby L, Langthaler K, Brodin B. Characterization of the IPEC-J2 MDR1 (iP-gp) cell line as a tool for identification of P-gp substrates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:112-121. [PMID: 29146563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we transfected the porcine intestinal cell line IPEC-J2, with human P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1). The resulting cell line, iP-gp, has a high expression of functional human P-gp in the apical membrane, and a low expression of nonhuman ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The aim of the present work was to investigate the usability of iP-gp cell line for determining transepithelial transport kinetics of the prototypical P-gp substrates digoxin and rhodamine 123. The cell line generated tight monolayers after 16days of culture, reflected by high transepithelial electrical resistance values (TEER>15,000Ω·cm2), immunocytochemistry and low fluxes of the paracellular flux marker [14C]-mannitol. Monolayer integrity was not affected the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and ethanol in concentrations up to 2% (v/v). Transepithelial fluxes of [3H]-labeled digoxin and rhodamine 123 were measured at varying donor concentrations, and kinetic parameters were estimated. Km and Vmax of P-gp mediated basolateral-to-apical (B-A) flux of rhodamine 123 were estimated to 332±124μM and 111±16pmol·cm-2·min-1 (n=3, total N=6), respectively. Vmax and Km of digoxin B-A flux could not be estimated due to the low aqueous solubility of digoxin. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the selective P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar (LY-335979), were estimated to 0.05±0.01μM (n=3, total N=6) and 0.04±0.01μM (n=3, total N=6) in transport experiments with digoxin and rhodamine 123 as substrates, respectively. Bidirectional fluxes of digoxin and rhodamine 123 were measured in transfected Madin Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK II MDR1) and compared with the fluxes obtained with the iP-gp cell monolayers. Efflux ratios were highest in the iP-gp cells, due to a tighter paracellular pathway. In conclusion, both digoxin and rhodamine 123 could be used to obtain IC50 values of inhibition, Ki values were only possible to obtain using rhodamine 123. The observed tightness, robustness towards solvents and the high efflux ratios confirmed that the iP-gp cell line may serve as a useful screening tool for investigations of substrate-P-gp interactions and modulation of P-gp function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Ozgür
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Saaby
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer-FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Brodin
- Section of Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Macartney DH. Cucurbit[n]uril Host-Guest Complexes of Acids, Photoacids, and Super Photoacids. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donal H. Macartney
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON Canada K7L3N6
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11
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Assessing gastric toxicity of xanthone derivatives of anti-inflammatory activity using simulation and experimental approaches. Biophys Chem 2016; 220:20-33. [PMID: 27846425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are tricyclic compounds of natural or synthetic origin exhibiting a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities. Three synthetic xanthone derivatives (KS1, KS2, and KS3) with properties typical for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) were objects of the presented model study. NSAIDs are in common use however; several of them exhibit gastric toxicity predominantly resulting from their direct interactions with the outermost lipid layer of the gastric mucosa that impair its hydrophobic barrier property. Among the studied xanthones, gastric toxicity of only KS2 has been determined in previous pharmacological studies, and it is low. In this study, carried out using X-ray diffraction and computer simulation, a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol bilayer (POPC-Chol) was used as a model of a hydrophobic layer of lipids protecting gastric mucosa as POPC and Chol are the main lipids in human mucus. X-ray diffraction data were used to validate the computer model. The aim of the study was to assess potential gastric toxicity of the xanthones by analysing their atomic level interactions with lipids, ions, and water in the lipid bilayer and their effect on the bilayer physicochemical properties. The results show that xanthones have small effect on the bilayer properties except for its rigidity whereas their interactions with water, ions, and lipids depend on their protonation state and for a given state, are similar for all the xanthones. As gastric toxicity of KS2 is low, based on MD simulations one can predict that toxicity of KS1 and KS3 is also low.
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12
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Effect of cis-(Z)-flupentixol on DPPC membranes in the presence and absence of cholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Inacio R, Barlow D, Kong X, Keeble J, Jones SA. Investigating how the attributes of self-associated drug complexes influence the passive transport of molecules through biological membranes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 102:214-22. [PMID: 26965142 PMCID: PMC4827376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how drug self-association influences absorption into the human body. This study presented two hydrophobic membranes with a series of solutions containing different types of tetracaine aggregates with the aim of understanding how the attributes of supramolecular aggregate formation influenced passive membrane transport. The data showed that aqueous solutions of the unprotonated form of tetracaine displayed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) passive membrane transport compared to solutions with mixtures of the unprotonated and protonated drug microspecies (e.g. transport through the skin was 0.96 ± 0.31 μg cm−2 min−1 and 1.59 ± 0.26 μg cm−2 min−1 respectively). However, despite an enhanced rate of drug transport and a better membrane partitioning the unionised molecules showed a significantly longer (p < 0.05) lag time to membrane penetration compared solutions rich in the ionised microspecies. Analytical characterisation of the solutions applied to the apical surface of the membranes in the transport studies showed that larger tetracaine aggregates with smaller surface charge gave rise to the longer lag times. These large aggregates demonstrated more extensive intermolecular bonding and therefore, it was suggest that it was the enhanced propensity of the unionised species to form tightly bound drug aggregates that caused the delay in the membrane penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Inacio
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - D Barlow
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - X Kong
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - J Keeble
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - S A Jones
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Fiala S, Roman M, Inacio R, Mashal S, Brown MB, Jones SA. New insights into eutectic cream skin penetration enhancement. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:403-411. [PMID: 26732522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The manner in which the eutectic cream EMLA enhances the percutaneous penetration of lidocaine and prilocaine into human skin is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the modification of drug aggregation played a role in the way EMLA facilitates delivery. Light scattering analysis of lidocaine alone in water gave a critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of 572 μM and a mean aggregate size of 58.8 nm. The analysis of prilocaine in identical conditions gave a CAC of 1177 μM and a mean aggregate size of 105.7 ± 24.8 nm. When the two drugs were mixed at their eutectic 1:1 ratio in water the CAC reduced to 165.8 μM and the aggregate size was 43.82 nm. This lidocaine-prilocaine interaction in water was further modified upon addition of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, the surfactant in the EMLA aqueous phase, to produce aggregates of <20 nm. The physical characterisation data suggested that it was the EMLA cream's surfactant that modified the drug molecular interactions in the aqueous continuous phase and caused a 6 fold higher drug penetration through human epidermal tissue compared to the oil formulations tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fiala
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Roman
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Inacio
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sumaia Mashal
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marc B Brown
- School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; MedPharm Ltd., Unit 3/Chancellor Court, 50 Occam Road, Surrey Research Park, Guilford GU2 7YN, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Jones
- Insitute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Xu Q, Zhao T, Sun Z. Monitoring drug–lipid membrane interactions via a molecular rotor probe. Analyst 2016; 141:4676-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00721j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A label-free sensing method based on membrane viscosity changes to study the interactions between small drug molecules and lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
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Gobrogge CA, Kong VA, Walker RA. Temperature Dependent Solvation and Partitioning of Coumarin 152 in Phospholipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1805-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Gobrogge
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Victoria A. Kong
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Robert A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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Loch JI, Bonarek P, Polit A, Jabłoński M, Czub M, Ye X, Lewiński K. β-Lactoglobulin interactions with local anaesthetic drugs – Crystallographic and calorimetric studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Chakrabarti A, Patra M. Differential interactions of two local anesthetics with phospholipid membrane and nonerythroid spectrin: Localization in presence of cholesterol and ganglioside, GM1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:821-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Shahzad Y, Louw R, Gerber M, du Plessis J. Breaching the skin barrier through temperature modulations. J Control Release 2015; 202:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Logan R, Kong AC, Axcell E, Krise JP. Amine-Containing Molecules and the Induction of an Expanded Lysosomal Volume Phenotype: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1572-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Effect of tetracaine on DMPC and DMPC+cholesterol biomembrane models: Liposomes and monolayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Stokes G, Conboy JC. Measuring selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-membrane interactions with second harmonic generation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1409-17. [PMID: 24410282 PMCID: PMC4004268 DOI: 10.1021/ja409250y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with lipid membranes has been measured at clinically relevant serum concentrations using the label-free technique of second harmonic generation (SHG). The SERMs investigated in this study include raloxifene, tamoxifen, and the tamoxifen metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and endoxifen. Equilibrium association constants (Ka) were measured for SERMs using varying lipid compositions to examine how lipid phase, packing density, and cholesterol content impact SERM-membrane interactions. Membrane-binding properties of tamoxifen and its metabolites were compared on the basis of hydroxyl group substitution and amine ionization to elucidate how the degree of drug ionization impacts membrane partitioning. SERM-membrane interactions were probed under multiple pH conditions, and drug adsorption was observed to vary with the concentration of soluble neutral species. The agreement between Ka values derived from SHG measurements of the interactions between SERMs and artificial cell membranes and independent observations of the SERMs efficacy from clinical studies suggests that quantifying membrane adsorption properties may be important for understanding SERM action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace
Y. Stokes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - John C. Conboy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
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23
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Huang D, Zhao T, Xu W, Yang T, Cremer PS. Sensing small molecule interactions with lipid membranes by local pH modulation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10240-8. [PMID: 24152205 DOI: 10.1021/ac401955t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we utilized a label-free sensing platform based on pH modulation to detect the interactions between tetracaine, a positively charged small molecule used as a local anesthetic, and planar supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). The SLBs were patterned inside a flow cell, allowing for various concentrations of tetracaine to be introduced over the surface in a buffer solution. Studies with membranes containing POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) yielded an equilibrium dissociation constant value of Kd = 180 ± 47 μm for this small molecule-membrane interaction. Adding cholesterol to the SLBs decreased the affinity between tetracaine and the bilayers, while this interaction tightened when POPE (1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9-Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) was added. Studies were also conducted with three negatively charged membrane lipids, POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt)), POPS (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (sodium salt)), and ganglioside GM1. All three measurements gave rise to a similar tightening of the apparent Kd value compared with pure POPC membranes. The lack of chemical specificity with the identity of the negatively charged lipid indicated that the tightening was largely electrostatic. Through a direct comparison with ITC measurements, it was found that the pH modulation sensor platform offers a facile, inexpensive, highly sensitive, and rapid method for the detection of interactions between putative drug candidates and lipid bilayers. As such, this technique may potentially be exploited as a screen for drug development and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry and §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University , University Park, PA 16802
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24
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Monteiro JP, Oliveira PJ, Jurado AS. Mitochondrial membrane lipid remodeling in pathophysiology: a new target for diet and therapeutic interventions. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:513-28. [PMID: 23827885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are arbiters in the fragile balance between cell life and death. These organelles present an intricate membrane system, with a peculiar lipid composition and displaying transverse as well as lateral asymmetry. Some lipids are synthesized inside mitochondria, while others have to be imported or acquired in the form of precursors. Here, we review different processes, including external interventions (e.g., diet) and a range of biological events (apoptosis, disease and aging), which may result in alterations of mitochondrial membrane lipid content. Cardiolipin, the mitochondria lipid trademark, whose biosynthetic pathway is highly regulated, will deserve special attention in this review. The modulation of mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, especially by diet, as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of some pathologies will be also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Monteiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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26
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Sierra-Valdez FJ, Forero-Quintero LS, Zapata-Morin PA, Costas M, Chavez-Reyes A, Ruiz-Suárez JC. The influence of non polar and polar molecules in mouse motile cells membranes and pure lipid bilayers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59364. [PMID: 23565149 PMCID: PMC3614556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental study of mouse sperm motility that shows chief aspects characteristic of neurons: the anesthetic (produced by tetracaine) and excitatory (produced by either caffeine or calcium) effects and their antagonic action. While tetracaine inhibits sperm motility and caffeine has an excitatory action, the combination of these two substances balance the effects, producing a motility quite similar to that of control cells. We also study the effects of these agents (anesthetic and excitatory) on the melting points of pure lipid liposomes constituted by 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid (DPPA). Tetracaine induces a large fluidization of the membrane, shifting the liposomes melting transition temperature to much lower values. The effect of caffeine is null, but its addition to tetracaine-doped liposomes greatly screen the fluidization effect. A high calcium concentration stiffens pure lipid membranes and strongly reduces the effect of tetracaine. Molecular Dynamics Simulations are performed to further understand our experimental findings at the molecular level. We find a strong correlation between the effect of antagonic molecules that could explain how the mechanical properties suitable for normal cell functioning are affected and recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Costas
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, México D.F., México
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27
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Leeson S, Strichartz G. Kinetics of uptake and washout of lidocaine in rat sciatic nerve in vitro. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:694-702. [PMID: 23400993 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31827aed25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potency and efficacy of local anesthetics injected clinically for peripheral nerve block depends strongly on the rate of neural drug uptake. However, because diffusion into surrounding tissues and removal by the vascular system are major factors in the overall distribution of lidocaine in vivo, true kinetics of drug/neural tissue interactions must be studied in the absence of those confounding factors. METHODS Uptake: Ensheathed or desheathed isolated rat sciatic nerves were exposed to [(14)C]-lidocaine for 0 to 180 minutes and then removed and the lidocaine content of nerve and sheath analyzed. Washout: Isolated nerves were soaked in [(14)C]-lidocaine for 60 minutes and then placed in lidocaine-free solution for 0 to 30 minutes, with samples removed at different times to assess the drug content. Experimental variables included the effects of the ensheathing epineurium, lidocaine concentration, pH, presence of CO(2)-bicarbonate, and incubation duration. RESULTS The equilibrium uptake of lidocaine increased with incubation time, concentration, and the fraction of molecules in the nonionized form. The uptake rate was unaffected by drug concentration, but was about halved by the presence of the epineurial sheath, with the washout rate slowed less. Slight alkalinization, from pH 6.8 to pH 7.4, by bicarbonate-CO(2) buffer or a nonbicarbonate buffer, enhanced the neural uptake, and to the same degree. The washout of lidocaine was faster after shorter incubations at high concentrations than when equal amounts of lidocaine were taken up after long incubations at low lidocaine concentrations. CONCLUSION Lidocaine enters a nerve by a process other than free diffusion, through an epineurial sheath that is a slight obstacle. Given the rapid entry in vitro compared with the much smaller and transient content measured in vivo, it seems highly unlikely that lidocaine equilibrates with the nerve during a peripheral blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Leeson
- Pain Research Center, MRB 611/BWH, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA
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28
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Europium Coordination Complexes as Potential Anticancer Drugs: Their Partitioning and Permeation Into Lipid Bilayers as Revealed by Pyrene Fluorescence Quenching. J Fluoresc 2012; 23:193-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Wood D, Brown M, Jones S. Understanding heat facilitated drug transport across human epidermis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:642-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Beyder A, Strege PR, Bernard C, Farrugia G. Membrane permeable local anesthetics modulate Na(V)1.5 mechanosensitivity. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:308-16. [PMID: 22874086 PMCID: PMC3508909 DOI: 10.4161/chan.21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium selective ion channel NaV1.5 is expressed in the heart and the gastrointestinal tract, which are mechanically active organs. NaV1.5 is mechanosensitive at stimuli that gate other mechanosensitive ion channels. Local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drugs act upon NaV1.5 to modulate activity by multiple mechanisms. This study examined whether NaV1.5 mechanosensitivity is modulated by local anesthetics. NaV1.5 channels wereexpressed in HEK-293 cells, and mechanosensitivity was tested in cell-attached and excised inside-out configurations. Using a novel protocol with paired voltage ladders and short pressure pulses, negative patch pressure (-30 mmHg) in both configurations produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the half-point of the voltage-dependence of activation (V1/2a) and inactivation (V1/2i) by about -10 mV. Lidocaine (50 µM) inhibited the pressure-induced shift of V1/2a but not V1/2i. Lidocaine inhibited the tonic increase in pressure-induced peak current in a use-dependence protocol, but it did not otherwise affect use-dependent block. The local anesthetic benzocaine, which does not show use-dependent block, also effectively blocked a pressure-induced shift in V1/2a. Lidocaine inhibited mechanosensitivity in NaV1.5 at the local anesthetic binding site mutated (F1760A). However, a membrane impermeable lidocaine analog QX-314 did not affect mechanosensitivity of F1760A NaV1.5 when applied from either side of the membrane. These data suggest that the mechanism of lidocaine inhibition of the pressure-induced shift in the half-point of voltage-dependence of activation is separate from the mechanisms of use-dependent block. Modulation of NaV1.5 mechanosensitivity by the membrane permeable local anesthetics may require hydrophobic access and may involve membrane-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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31
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Paiva JG, Paradiso P, Serro AP, Fernandes A, Saramago B. Interaction of local and general anaesthetics with liposomal membrane models: A QCM-D and DSC study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 95:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen J, Korostyshevsky D, Lee S, Perlstein EO. Accumulation of an antidepressant in vesiculogenic membranes of yeast cells triggers autophagy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34024. [PMID: 22529904 PMCID: PMC3329523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antidepressants are cationic amphipaths, which spontaneously accumulate in natural or reconstituted membranes in the absence of their specific protein targets. However, the clinical relevance of cellular membrane accumulation by antidepressants in the human brain is unknown and hotly debated. Here we take a novel, evolutionarily informed approach to studying the effects of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline/Zoloft® on cell physiology in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), which lacks a serotonin transporter entirely. We biochemically and pharmacologically characterized cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled sertraline, and in parallel performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of organellar membrane homeostasis in untreated vs. sertraline-treated cells. These experiments have revealed that sertraline enters yeast cells and then reshapes vesiculogenic membranes by a complex process. Internalization of the neutral species proceeds by simple diffusion, is accelerated by proton motive forces generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase, but is counteracted by energy-dependent xenobiotic efflux pumps. At equilibrium, a small fraction (10–15%) of reprotonated sertraline is soluble while the bulk (90–85%) partitions into organellar membranes by adsorption to interfacial anionic sites or by intercalation into the hydrophobic phase of the bilayer. Asymmetric accumulation of sertraline in vesiculogenic membranes leads to local membrane curvature stresses that trigger an adaptive autophagic response. In mutants with altered clathrin function, this adaptive response is associated with increased lipid droplet formation. Our data not only support the notion of a serotonin transporter-independent component of antidepressant function, but also enable a conceptual framework for characterizing the physiological states associated with chronic but not acute antidepressant administration in a model eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Chen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel Korostyshevsky
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sean Lee
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ethan O. Perlstein
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Morris CE, Boucher PA, Joós B. Left-shifted nav channels in injured bilayer: primary targets for neuroprotective nav antagonists? Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:19. [PMID: 22375118 PMCID: PMC3284691 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical, ischemic, and inflammatory injuries to voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav)-rich membranes of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier render Nav channels dangerously leaky. By what means? The behavior of recombinant Nav1.6 (Wang et al., 2009) leads us to postulate that, in neuropathologic conditions, structural degradation of axolemmal bilayer fosters chronically left-shifted Nav channel operation, resulting in E(Na) rundown. This "sick excitable cell Nav-leak" would encompass left-shifted fast- and slow-mode based persistent I(Na) (i.e., I(window) and slow-inactivating I(Na)). Bilayer-damage-induced electrophysiological dysfunctions of native-Nav channels, and effects on inhibitors on those channels, should, we suggest, be studied in myelinated axons, exploiting I(Na)(V,t) hysteresis data from sawtooth ramp clamp. We hypothesize that (like dihydropyridines for Ca channels), protective lipophilic Nav antagonists would partition more avidly into disorderly bilayers than into the well-packed bilayers characteristic of undamaged, healthy plasma membrane. Whereas inhibitors using aqueous routes would access all Navs equally, differential partitioning into "sick bilayer" would co-localize lipophilic antagonists with "sick-Nav channels," allowing for more specific targeting of impaired cells. Molecular fine-tuning of Nav antagonists to favor more avid partitioning into damaged than into intact bilayers could reduce side effects. In potentially salvageable neurons of traumatic and/or ischemic penumbras, in inflammatory neuropathies, in muscular dystrophy, in myocytes of cardiac infarct borders, Nav-leak driven excitotoxicity overwhelms cellular repair mechanisms. Precision-tuning of a lipophilic Nav antagonist for greatest efficacy in mildly damaged membranes could render it suitable for the prolonged continuous administration needed to allow for the remodeling of the excitable membranes, and thus functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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35
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Serro AP, Carapeto A, Paiva G, Farinha JPS, Colaço R, Saramago B. Formation of an intact liposome layer adsorbed on oxidized gold confirmed by three complementary techniques: QCM-D, AFM and confocal fluorescence microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Investigacão Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz; Campus Universitário; Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica; 2829-511 Caparica Portugal
| | - A. Carapeto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - G. Paiva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - J. P. S. Farinha
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; Instituto Superior Técnico; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - R. Colaço
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - B. Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I; Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Nguyen TT, Conboy JC. High-throughput screening of drug-lipid membrane interactions via counter-propagating second harmonic generation imaging. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5979-88. [PMID: 21696170 DOI: 10.1021/ac2009614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the use of counter-propagating second harmonic generation (SHG) to image the interactions between the local anesthetic tetracaine and a multicomponent planar supported lipid bilayer array in a label-free manner. The lipid bilayer arrays, prepared using a 3D continuous flow microspotter, allow the effects of lipid phase and cholesterol content on tetracaine binding to be examined simultaneously. SHG images show that tetracaine has a higher binding affinity to liquid-crystalline phase lipids than to solid-gel phase lipids. The presence of 28 mol % cholesterol decreased the binding affinity of tetracaine to bilayers composed of the mixed chain lipid, 1-steroyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (SOPC), and the saturated lipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipamitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DPPC) while having no effect on diunsaturated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DOPC). The maximum surface excess of tetracaine increases with the degree of unsaturation of the phospholipids and decreases with cholesterol in the lipid bilayers. The paper demonstrates that SHG imaging is a sensitive technique that can directly image and quantitatively measure the association of a drug to a multicomponent lipid bilayer array, providing a high-throughput means to assess drug-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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37
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Acid–base equilibrium of drugs in time-resolved fluorescence measurements: Theoretical aspects and expressions for apparent pKa shifts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Smith KA, Conboy JC. Using micropatterned lipid bilayer arrays to measure the effect of membrane composition on merocyanine 540 binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1808:1611-7. [PMID: 21376014 PMCID: PMC3086692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lipophilic dye merocyanine 540 (MC540) was used to model small molecule-membrane interactions using micropatterned lipid bilayer arrays (MLBAs) prepared using a 3D Continuous Flow Microspotter (CFM). Fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor MC540 binding to fifteen different bilayer compositions simultaneously. MC540 fluorescence was two times greater for bilayers composed of liquid-crystalline (l.c.) phase lipids (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC),1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)) compared to bilayers in the gel phase (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC)). The effect cholesterol (CHO) had on MC540 binding to the membrane was found to be dependent on the lipid component; cholesterol decreased MC540 binding in DMPC, DPPC and DSPC bilayers while having little to no effect on the remaining l.c. phase lipids. MC540 fluorescence was also lowered when 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (sodium salt) (DOPS) was incorporated into DOPC bilayers. The increase in the surface charge density appears to decrease the occurrence of highly fluorescent monomers and increase the formation of weakly fluorescent dimers via electrostatic repulsion. This paper demonstrates that MLBAs are a useful tool for preparing high density reproducible bilayer arrays to study small molecule-membrane interactions in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - John C. Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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39
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Macartney DH. Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Cucurbiturils: Effects on their Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solution. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Hariharan P, Sudhahar CG, Chou SH, Chin DH. Lipid Bilayer-Assisted Release of an Enediyne Antibiotic from Neocarzinostatin Chromoprotein. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7722-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100735v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Shan-Ho Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Der-Hang Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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Yang YC, Hsieh JY, Kuo CC. The external pore loop interacts with S6 and S3-S4 linker in domain 4 to assume an essential role in gating control and anticonvulsant action in the Na(+) channel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 134:95-113. [PMID: 19635852 PMCID: PMC2717694 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200810158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lamotrigine are widely prescribed anticonvulsants in neurological clinics. These drugs bind to the same receptor site, probably with the diphenyl motif in their structure, to inhibit the Na+ channel. However, the location of the drug receptor remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate close proximity and potential interaction between an external aromatic residue (W1716 in the external pore loop) and an internal aromatic residue (F1764 in the pore-lining part of the sixth transmembrane segment, S6) of domain 4 (D4), both being closely related to anticonvulsant and/or local anesthetic binding to the Na+ channel. Double-mutant cycle analysis reveals significant cooperativity between the two phenyl residues for anticonvulsant binding. Concomitant F1764C mutation evidently decreases the susceptibility of W1716C to external Cd2+ and membrane-impermeable methanethiosulfonate reagents. Also, the W1716E/F1764R and G1715E/F1764R double mutations significantly alter the selectivity for Na+ over K+ and markedly shift the activation curve, respectively. W1716 and F1764 therefore very likely form a link connecting the outer and inner compartments of the Na+ channel pore (in addition to the selectivity filter). Anticonvulsants and local anesthetics may well traverse this “S6 recess” without trespassing on the selectivity filter. Furthermore, we found that Y1618K, a point mutation in the S3-4 linker (the extracellular extension of D4S4), significantly alters the consequences of carbamazepine binding to the Na+ channel. The effect of Y1618K mutation, however, is abolished by concomitant point mutations in the vicinity of Y1618, but not by those in the internally located inactivation machinery, supporting a direct local rather than a long-range allosteric action. Moreover, Y1618 could interact with D4 pore residues W1716 and L1719 to have a profound effect on both channel gating and anticonvulsant action. We conclude that there are direct interactions among the external S3-4 linker, the external pore loop, and the internal S6 segment in D4, making the external pore loop a pivotal point critically coordinating ion permeation, gating, and anticonvulsant binding in the Na+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Life Science, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Wyman IW, Macartney DH. Host-guest complexations of local anaesthetics by cucurbit[7]uril in aqueous solution. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:247-52. [PMID: 20024155 DOI: 10.1039/b915694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) host molecule forms very stable host-guest complexes with the local anaesthetics procaine (K(CB[7]) = (3.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(4) dm(3) mol(-1)), tetracaine (K(CB[7]) = (1.5 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) dm(3) mol(-1)), procainamide (K(CB[7]) = (7.8 +/- 1.6) x 10(4) dm(3) mol(-1)), dibucaine (K(CB[7]) = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(5) dm(3) mol(-1)) and prilocaine (K(CB[7]) = (2.6 +/- 0.6) x 10(4) dm(3) mol(-1)) in aqueous solution (pD = 4.75). The stability constants are 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than the values reported for binding by the comparably sized beta-cyclodextrin host molecule. The inclusion by CB[7] raises the first pK(a) values of the anaesthetics by 0.5-1.9 pK units, as the protonated forms are bound more strongly in acidic solution. The complexation-induced chemical shift changes in the guest proton resonances provide an indication of the site(s) of binding and the effects of protonation on the location of the binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Wyman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Lange Y, Ye J, Duban ME, Steck TL. Activation of membrane cholesterol by 63 amphipaths. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8505-15. [PMID: 19655814 DOI: 10.1021/bi900951r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A few membrane-intercalating amphipaths have been observed to stimulate the interaction of cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase, saponin and cyclodextrin, presumably by displacing cholesterol laterally from its phospholipid complexes. We now report that this effect, referred to as cholesterol activation, occurs with dozens of other amphipaths, including alkanols, saturated and cis- and trans-unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, sphingosine derivatives, terpenes, alkyl ethers, ketones, aromatics and cyclic alkyl derivatives. The apparent potency of the agents tested ranged from 3 microM to 7 mM and generally paralleled their octanol/water partition coefficients, except that relative potency declined for compounds with >10 carbons. Some small amphipaths activated cholesterol at a membrane concentration of approximately 3 mol per 100 mol of bilayer lipids, about equimolar with the cholesterol they displaced. Lysophosphatidylserine countered the effects of all these agents, consistent with its ability to reduce the pool of active membrane cholesterol. Various amphipaths stabilized red cells against the hemolysis elicited by cholesterol depletion, presumably by substituting for the extracted sterol. The number and location of cis and trans fatty acid unsaturations and the absolute stereochemistry of enantiomer pairs had only small effects on amphipath potency. Nevertheless, potency varied approximately 7-fold within a group of diverse agents with similar partition coefficients. We infer that a wide variety of amphipaths can displace membrane cholesterol by competing stoichiometrically but with only limited specificity for weak association with phospholipids. Any number of other drugs and experimental agents might do the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lange
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Nguyen TT, Rembert K, Conboy JC. Label-free detection of drug-membrane association using ultraviolet-visible sum-frequency generation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1401-3. [PMID: 19140762 PMCID: PMC2867465 DOI: 10.1021/ja8070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug-membrane interactions play a crucial role in the pharmacology and activity of drugs. The measurement of drug association to lipid membranes has conventionally been measured by fluorescence and other spectroscopic methods. However, a main disadvantage of fluorescence labeling of drugs is that the introduction of fluorophores may change the molecules physical properties, such as charge, hydrophobic or hydrophilic character, and structure. To circumvent these problems, Ultraviolet-Visible Sum Frequency Generation (UV-Vis SFG) has been developed as an ultrasensitive and label-free technique to detect small-molecule drug association to lipid membranes. Four different classes of drugs, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen), antibiotic (azithromycin), antifungal (tolnaftate), and local anesthetic (tetracaine), were examined. Drug association was measured on planar supported lipid bilayers (PSLBs) of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (DOPC). Equilibrium association constants of the drugs were obtained and correlate well to the partition coefficients of the drugs in a liposome membrane-water system. UV-Vis SFG is a powerful and novel technique to directly measure the association of drugs to a single biological membrane without chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Kelvin Rembert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - John C. Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Saveyn P, Cocquyt J, De Cuyper M, Van der Meeren P. Evaluation of the interaction of propranolol with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes: the Langmuir model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6007-6012. [PMID: 18471000 DOI: 10.1021/la800025y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the amine containing beta-receptor blocking agent propranolol (Ppn) with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles was studied. Using a centrifugation assay, the protonated as well as unprotonated amount of the drug sorbed was verified, whereas the binding of the protonated Ppn was deduced from the surface charge density of the vesicles as calculated from electrophoretic mobility measurements. Assuming a 1:1 binding, a Langmuir model with only two parameters was found to be sufficient to fit all experimental data. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the estimated values of these parameters were reliable and independent from each other. These parameters were truly intrinsic, as electrostatic interactions were accounted for in the model. It was found that the pKa of Ppn shifted from 9.24, when dissolved in water, downward by 1.34 units upon sorption, indicating that the intrinsic partition coefficient of the unprotonated Ppn was about 22 times higher than that of the protonated analog. In addition, a significant increase in the affinity of both Ppn analogs with increasing salt concentration was found. Theoretical analysis revealed that the Langmuir sorption model may be considered as a partitioning model with decreasing partition coefficient as the sorbed amount increases. Thus, the Langmuir model provides a better fit than a simple partition model at conditions that induce a substantial amount of propranolol sorbed, such as high pH and high propranolol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Saveyn
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Preferential location of lidocaine and etidocaine in lecithin bilayers as determined by EPR, fluorescence and 2H NMR. Biophys Chem 2008; 132:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Strassmaier T, Kirk SR, Banerji T, Karpen JW. Block of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels by tetracaine derivatives: role of apolar interactions at two distinct locations. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:645-9. [PMID: 18055205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new tetracaine derivatives was synthesized to explore the effects of hydrophobic character on blockade of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. Increasing the hydrophobicity at either of two positions on the tetracaine scaffold, the tertiary amine or the butyl tail, yields blockers with increased potency. However, shape also plays an important role. While gradual increases in length of the butyl tail lead to increased potency, substitution of the butyl tail with branched alkyl or cyclic groups is deleterious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Strassmaier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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