1
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Kannoth S, Ali N, Prasanth GK, Arvind K, Mohany M, Hembrom PS, Sadanandan S, Vasu DA, Grace T. Transcriptome analysis of Corvus splendens reveals a repertoire of antimicrobial peptides. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18728. [PMID: 37907616 PMCID: PMC10618271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance has become a global health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial peptides have been acknowledged as potential leads for prospective anti-infectives. Owing to their scavenging lifestyle, Corvus splendens is thought to have developed robust immunity to pathogens found in their diet, implying that they have evolved mechanisms to resist infection. In the current study, the transcriptome of C. splendens was sequenced, and de novo assembled to identify the presence of antimicrobial peptide genes. 72.09 million high-quality clean reads were obtained which were then de novo assembled into 3,43,503 transcripts and 74,958 unigenes. About 37,559 unigenes were successfully annotated using SwissProt, Pfam, GO, and KEGG databases. A search against APD3, CAMPR3 and LAMP databases identified 63 AMP candidates belonging to more than 20 diverse families and functional classes. mRNA of AvBD-2, AvBD-13 and CATH-2 were found to be differentially expressed between the three tested crows as well as among the tissues. We also characterized Corvus Cathelicidin 2 (CATH-2) to gain knowledge of its antimicrobial mechanisms. The CD spectroscopy of synthesized mature Corvus CATH-2 peptide displayed an amphipathic α-helical structure. Though the synthetic CATH-2 caused hemolysis of human RBC, it also exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus. Docking simulation results revealed that this peptide could bind to the LPS binding site of MD-2, which may prevent LPS from entering the MD-2 binding pocket, and trigger TLR4 signaling pathway. The Corvus CATH-2 characterized in this study could aid in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Kannoth
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ganesh K Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Arvind
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Shemmy Sadanandan
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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2
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Walsh OD, Choi L, Sigdel KP. Effect of CM15 on Supported Lipid Bilayer Probed by Atomic Force Microscopy. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:864. [PMID: 37999350 PMCID: PMC10672887 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are key components of the immune system. These peptides affect the membrane in various ways; some form nano-sized pores, while others only produce minor defects. Since these peptides are increasingly important in developing antimicrobial drugs, understanding the mechanism of their interactions with lipid bilayers is critical. Here, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we investigated the effect of a synthetic hybrid peptide, CM15, on the membrane surface comprising E. coli polar lipid extract. Direct imaging of supported lipid bilayers exposed to various concentrations of the peptide revealed significant membrane remodeling. We found that CM15 interacts with supported lipid bilayers and forms membrane-spanning defects very quickly. It is found that CM15 is capable of remodeling both leaflets of the bilayer. For lower CM15 concentrations, punctate void-like defects were observed, some of which re-sealed themselves as a function of time. However, for CM15 concentrations higher than 5 µM, the defects on the bilayers became so widespread that they disrupted the membrane integrity completely. This work enhances the understanding of CM15 interactions with the bacterial lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna P. Sigdel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
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3
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Singh P, Szigyártó IC, Ricci M, Gaál A, Quemé‐Peña MM, Kitka D, Fülöp L, Turiák L, Drahos L, Varga Z, Beke‐Somfai T. Removal and identification of external protein corona members from RBC-derived extracellular vesicles by surface manipulating antimicrobial peptides. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e78. [PMID: 38938416 PMCID: PMC11080927 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In the last years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by various cells and body fluids have shown extreme potential in biomedical applications. Increasing number of studies suggest that a protein corona could adhere to the surface of EVs which can have a fundamental effect on their function, targeting and therapeutical efficacy. However, removing and identifying these corona members is currently a challenging task to achieve. In this study we have employed red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (REVs) as a model system and three membrane active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), LL-37, FK-16 and CM15, to test whether they can be used to remove protein corona members from the surface of vesicles. These AMPs were reported to preferentially exert their membrane-related activity via one of the common helical surface-covering models and do not significantly affect the interior of lipid bilayer bodies. The interaction between the peptides and the REVs was followed by biophysical techniques, such as flow-linear dichroism spectroscopy which provided the effective applicable peptide concentration for protein removal. REV samples were then subjected to subsequent size exclusion chromatography and to proteomics analysis. Based on the comparison of control REVs with the peptide treated samples, seventeen proteins were identified as external protein corona members. From the three investigated AMPs, FK-16 can be considered as the best candidate to further optimize EV-related applicability of AMPs. Our results on the REV model system envisage that membrane active peptides may become a useful set of tools in engineering and modifying surfaces of EVs and other lipid-based natural particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiomolecular Self‐assembly Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Imola Cs. Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiomolecular Self‐assembly Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Maria Ricci
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiomolecular Self‐assembly Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiological Nanochemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Mayra Maritza Quemé‐Peña
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiomolecular Self‐assembly Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Diána Kitka
- Hevesy György PhD School of ChemistryELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiological Nanochemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical ChemistryUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- Institute of Organic ChemistryMS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - László Drahos
- Institute of Organic ChemistryMS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiological Nanochemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Tamás Beke‐Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryBiomolecular Self‐assembly Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
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4
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Sharma P, Ayappa KG. A Molecular Dynamics Study of Antimicrobial Peptide Interactions with the Lipopolysaccharides of the Outer Bacterial Membrane. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:665-675. [PMID: 35960325 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With rising bacterial resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been widely investigated as potential antibacterial molecules to replace conventional antibiotics. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for membrane disruption are largely based on AMP interactions with the inner phospholipid bilayers of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Mechanisms for AMP translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria composed of lipopolysaccharides and the asymmetric lipid bilayer are complicated by the secondary structure adopted by the peptide in the different membrane environments. We have employed atomistic molecular dynamics and umbrella-sampling simulations with an aggregate duration of [Formula: see text] 6 microseconds to obtain the free energy landscape of CM15 peptide translocating through the lipopolysaccharide region of Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli. The peptide has a favorable binding-free energy (- 130 kJ mol[Formula: see text]) in the O-antigen region with a large barrier (150 kJ mol[Formula: see text]) at the interface between the anionic core saccharides and upper bilayer leaflet made up of lipid-A molecules. Restraint-free molecular dynamics simulations show that the random coil structure is favored over the helix in both the extracellular aqueous region and the cation-rich core-saccharide regions of the outer membrane. The peptide and membrane properties are analyzed at each of the 100 ns duration of the umbrella-sampling windows to illustrate changes in peptide length, orientation, and hydration. Our study provides insights into the free energy landscape for the insertion of the AMP CM15 in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and we discuss the implications of our findings with the broader question of how AMPs overcome this barrier during antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumn Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.,Eli Lilly Services India Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - K Ganapathy Ayappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
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5
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Kohut G, Juhász T, Quemé-Peña M, Bősze SE, Beke-Somfai T. Controlling Peptide Function by Directed Assembly Formation: Mechanistic Insights Using Multiscale Modeling on an Antimicrobial Peptide-Drug-Membrane System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15756-15769. [PMID: 34179620 PMCID: PMC8223213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their potential applicability against multidrug-resistant bacteria, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides (HDPs) gain increased attention. Besides diverse immunomodulatory roles, their classical mechanism of action mostly involves membrane disruption of microbes. Notably, their unbalanced overexpression has also been associated with host cell cytotoxicity in various diseases. Relatedly, AMPs can be subject to aggregate formation, either via self-assembly or together with other compounds, which has demonstrated a modulation effect on their biological functions, thus highly relevant both for drug targeting projects and understanding their in vivo actions. However, the molecular aspects of the related assembly formation are not understood. Here, we focused in detail on an experimentally studied AMP-drug system, i.e., CM15-suramin, and performed all-atom and coarse-grain (CG) simulations. Results obtained for all systems were in close line with experimental observations and indicate that the CM15-suramin aggregation is an energetically favorable and dynamic process. In the presence of bilayers, the peptide-drug assembly formation was highly dependent on lipid composition, and peptide aggregates themselves were also capable of binding to the membranes. Interestingly, longer CG simulations with zwitterionic membranes indicated an intermediate state in the presence of both AMP-drug assemblies and monomeric peptides located on the membrane surface. In sharp contrast, larger AMP-drug aggregates could not be detected with a negatively charged membrane, rather the AMPs penetrated its surface in a monomeric form, in line with previous in vitro observations. Considering experimental and theoretical results, it is promoted that in biological systems, cationic AMPs may often form associates with anionic compounds in a reversible manner, resulting in lower bioactivity. This is only mildly affected by zwitterionic membranes; however, membranes with a negative charge strongly alter the energetic preference of AMP assemblies, resulting in the dissolution of the complexes into the membrane. The phenomenon observed here at a molecular level can be followed in several experimental systems studied recently, where peptides interact with food colors, drug molecules, or endogenous compounds, which strongly indicates that reversible associate formation is a general phenomenon for these complexes. These results are hoped to be exploited in novel therapeutic strategies aiming to use peptides as drug targets and control AMP bioactivity by directed assembly formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kohut
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE
Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány
1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mayra Quemé-Peña
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, ELTE
Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány
1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Erika Bősze
- ELKH
Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Ma L, Luo Y, Ma YH, Lu X. Interaction between Antimicrobial Peptide CM15 and a Model Cell Membrane Affected by CM15 Terminal Amidation and the Membrane Phase State. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1613-1621. [PMID: 33464910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as an effective class of antimicrobial agents against microorganisms. In this work, the interaction between an antimicrobial peptide, CM15, and a negatively charged phospholipid bilayer, DPPG, was studied via sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Two structurally correlated characteristic variables were introduced to reveal the interaction mechanism/efficiency, i.e. C-terminal amidation and temperature variation (∼20 °C, room temperature, and ∼35 °C, close to human body temperature). Experimental results indicated that owing to the increased positive charge, C-terminal amidation resulted in rapid adsorption onto the bilayer surface and efficient disruption of the outer layer, exhibiting less ordered insertion orientation. The elevated temperature (from ∼20 °C to ∼35 °C) promoted the penetration of both the outer and inner leaflets by the peptides and finally led to the disruption of the whole bilayer owing to the enhanced fluidity of the bilayer. From the perspective of the interaction mechanism, this experimental study provides two practical cues to understand the disruption process of the negatively charged model biomembranes, which can lay the structural foundation for designing and developing high-efficiency antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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7
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Sinha S, Ghosh Dastidar S. Shifting Polar Residues Across Primary Sequence Frames of Transmembrane Domains Calibrates Membrane Permeation Thermodynamics. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4353-4366. [PMID: 33136366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Permeation of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) using the transmembrane domains (TMDs) is the key step of the Bcl-2 family of proteins to control apoptosis. The primary sequences of the TMDs of the family members like Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bak, etc. indicate the presence of charged residues at the C-terminal tip to be essential for drilling the membrane. However, Bax, a variant of the same family, is an exception, as the charged residues are shifted away from the tip by two positional frames in the primary sequence, but does it matter really? The free energy landscapes of membrane permeation, computed from a total of ∼13.3 μs of conformational sampling, show how such shifting of the amino acid frames in the primary sequence is correlated with the energy landscape that ensures the balance between membrane permeation and cytosolic population. Shifting the charged residues back to the terminal, in suitable mutants of Bax, proves the necessity of terminal charged residues by improving the insertion free energy but adds a high energy barrier unless some other polar residues are adjusted further. The difference in the TMDs of Bcl-xL and Bax is also reflected in their mechanism to drill the MOM-like anionic membrane; only Bax-TMD requires surface crowding to favorably shape the permeation landscape by weakening the bilayer integrity. So, this investigation suggests that such proteins can calibrate the free energy landscape of membrane permeation by adjusting the positions of the charged or polar residues in the primary sequence frames, a strategy analogous to the game of the "sliding tile puzzle" but played with primary sequence frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sinha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
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8
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Singh P, Szigyártó IC, Ricci M, Zsila F, Juhász T, Mihály J, Bősze S, Bulyáki É, Kardos J, Kitka D, Varga Z, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane Active Peptides Remove Surface Adsorbed Protein Corona From Extracellular Vesicles of Red Blood Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:703. [PMID: 32850685 PMCID: PMC7432246 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the outstanding potential in biomedical applications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are also promising candidates to expand our knowledge on interactions between vesicular surface proteins and small-molecules which exert biomembrane-related functions. Here we provide mechanistic details on interactions between membrane active peptides with antimicrobial effect (MAPs) and red blood cell derived EVs (REVs) and we demonstrate that they have the capacity to remove members of the protein corona from REVs even at lower than 5 μM concentrations. In case of REVs, the Soret-band arising from the membrane associated hemoglobins allowed to follow the detachment process by flow-Linear Dichroism (flow-LD). Further on, the significant change on the vesicle surfaces was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Since membrane active peptides, such as melittin have the affinity to disrupt vesicles, a combination of techniques, fluorescent antibody labeling, microfluidic resistive pulse sensing, and flow-LD were employed to distinguish between membrane destruction and surface protein detachment. The removal of protein corona members is a newly identified role for the investigated peptides, which indicates complexity of their in vivo function, but may also be exploited in synthetic and natural nanoparticle engineering. Furthermore, results also promote that EVs can be used as improved model systems for biophysical studies providing insight to areas with so far limited knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Ricci
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bulyáki
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Kitka
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Aryal CM, Bui NN, Khadka NK, Song L, Pan J. The helix 0 of endophilin modifies membrane material properties and induces local curvature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183397. [PMID: 32533976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The amphipathic helix 0 of endophilin (i.e., H0-Endo) is important to membrane binding, but its function of curvature generation remains controversial. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to study effects of H0-Endo on membrane material properties. We found that H0-Endo reduced lipid chain mobility and increased bilayer polarity, i.e., making the bilayer interior more polar. Lipid-dependent examination revealed that anionic lipids augmented the effect of H0-Endo, while cholesterol had a minimal impact. Our EPR spectroscopy of magnetically aligned bicelles showed that as the peptide-to-lipid ratio increased, the lipid chain orientational order decreased gradually, followed by a sudden loss. We discuss an interfacial-bound model of the amphipathic H0-Endo to account for all EPR data. We used atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to explore membrane morphological changes. We found that H0-Endo caused the formation of micron-sized holes in mica-supported planar bilayers. Hole formation is likely caused by two competing forces - the adhesion force exerted by the substrate represses bilayer budging, whereas the line tension originating from peptide clustering has a tendency of destabilizing bilayer organization. In the absence of substrate influences, membrane curvature induction was manifested by generating small vesicles surrounding giant unilamellar vesicles. Our results of membrane perforation and vesiculation suggest that the functionality of H0-Endo is more than just coordinating membrane binding of endophilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinta M Aryal
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Nhat Nguyen Bui
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - Nawal K Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America.
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America.
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10
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Rani G, Kuroda K, Vemparala S. Aggregation of methacrylate-based ternary biomimetic antimicrobial polymers in solution. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:064003. [PMID: 33105118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abc4c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using detailed atomistic simulations, we explore the morphological characteristics of aggregates formed in solution phase by ternary biomimetic antimicrobial (AM) methacrylate polymers, composed of hydrophobic, charged cationic and polar functional groups and compare it with aggregate morphologies of binary methacrylate polymers, composed only of hydrophobic and charged cationic functional groups. The effect of sequence of the constituent functional groups on aggregate conformation is also studied by considering random and block sequences along the polymer backbone. Our results show that while binary polymers tend to form robust aggregates, replacing some of the hydrophobic groups with overall charge neutral polar groups weakens the aggregate considerably, leading to increased conformational fluctuations and formation of loose-packed, open aggregates, particularly in the case of random ternary polymers. Interaction energy calculations clearly suggest that the role of inclusion of polar groups in ternary polymers is two-fold: (1) to reduce possible strong local concentration of hydrophobic groups and 'smear' the overall hydrophobicity along the polymer backbone to increase the solubility of the polymers (2) to compensate the loss of attractive hydrophobic interactions by forming attractive electrostatic interactions with the charged groups and contribute to aggregation formation, albeit weak. Given that most of the naturally occurring AM peptides have contributions from all the three functional groups, this study elucidates the functionally tuneable role of inclusion of polar groups in the way AM agents interact with each other in solution phase, which can eventually dictate their partitioning behaviour into bacterial and mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rani
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States of America
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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11
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Agbale CM, Sarfo JK, Galyuon IK, Juliano SA, Silva GGO, Buccini DF, Cardoso MH, Torres MDT, Angeles-Boza AM, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Helical Antimicrobial Peptide Sequences Incorporating Metal-Binding Motifs. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3802-3812. [PMID: 31448597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent alternative strategies to combat the global health problem of antibiotic resistance. However, naturally occurring AMPs are generally not sufficiently active for use as antibiotics. Optimized synthetic versions incorporating additional design principles are needed. Here, we engineered amino-terminal Cu(II) and Ni(II) (ATCUN) binding motifs, which can enhance biological function, into the native sequence of two AMPs, CM15 and citropin1.1. The incorporation of metal-binding motifs modulated the antimicrobial activity of synthetic peptides against a panel of carbapenem-resistant enterococci (CRE) bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpC+) and Escherichia coli (KpC+). Activity modulation depended on the type of ATCUN variant utilized. Membrane permeability assays revealed that the in silico selected lead template, CM15, and its ATCUN analogs increased bacterial cell death. Mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that coordinating ATCUN derivatives with Cu(II) ions did not increase the helical tendencies of the AMPs. CM15 ATCUN variants, when combined with Meropenem, streptomycin, or chloramphenicol, showed synergistic effects against E. coli (KpC+ 1812446) biofilms. Motif addition also reduced the hemolytic activity of the wild-type AMP and improved the survival rate of mice in a systemic infection model. The dependence of these bioactivities on the particular amino acids of the ATCUN motif highlights the possible use of size, charge, and hydrophobicity to fine-tune AMP biological function. Our data indicate that incorporating metal-binding motifs into peptide sequences leads to synthetic variants with modified biological properties. These principles may be applied to augment the activities of other peptide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M Agbale
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Justice K Sarfo
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil
| | - Isaac K Galyuon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Gislaine G O Silva
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil
| | - Danieli F Buccini
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil.,Centro de Análises de Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília , DF 70790-160 , Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Brasília , Brasília , DF 70910-900 , Brazil
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States.,Institute of Materials Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-INOVA Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Dom Bosco , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso Do Sul, MS 79117-900 , Brazil.,Centro de Análises de Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica de Brasília , Brasília , DF 70790-160 , Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Brasília , Brasília , DF 70910-900 , Brazil
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12
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Quemé‐Peña M, Juhász T, Mihály J, Cs. Szigyártó I, Horváti K, Bősze S, Henczkó J, Pályi B, Németh C, Varga Z, Zsila F, Beke‐Somfai T. Manipulating Active Structure and Function of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide CM15 with the Polysulfonated Drug Suramin: A Step Closer to in Vivo Complexity. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1578-1590. [PMID: 30720915 PMCID: PMC6618317 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill bacteria by targeting their membranes through various mechanisms involving peptide assembly, often coupled with disorder-to-order structural transition. However, for several AMPs, similar conformational changes in cases in which small organic compounds of both endogenous and exogenous origin have induced folded peptide conformations have recently been reported. Thus, the function of AMPs and of natural host defence peptides can be significantly affected by the local complex molecular environment in vivo; nonetheless, this area is hardly explored. To address the relevance of such interactions with regard to structure and function, we have tested the effects of the therapeutic drug suramin on the membrane activity and antibacterial efficiency of CM15, a potent hybrid AMP. The results provided insight into a dynamic system in which peptide interaction with lipid bilayers is interfered with by the competitive binding of CM15 to suramin, resulting in an equilibrium dependent on peptide-to-drug ratio and vesicle surface charge. In vitro bacterial tests showed that when CM15⋅suramin complex formation dominates over membrane binding, antimicrobial activity is abolished. On the basis of this case study, it is proposed that small-molecule secondary structure regulators can modify AMP function and that this should be considered and could potentially be exploited in future development of AMP-based antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Quemé‐Peña
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Imola Cs. Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide ChemistryHungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide ChemistryHungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/A1117BudapestHungary
| | - Judit Henczkó
- National Biosafety LaboratoryNational Public Health CenterAlbert Flórián út 21097BudapestHungary
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety LaboratoryNational Public Health CenterAlbert Flórián út 21097BudapestHungary
| | - Csaba Németh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Tamás Beke‐Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
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13
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Kohut G, Sieradzan A, Zsila F, Juhász T, Bősze S, Liwo A, Samsonov SA, Beke-Somfai T. The molecular mechanism of structural changes in the antimicrobial peptide CM15 upon complex formation with drug molecule suramin: a computational analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10644-10659. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of helical conformations of CM15 upon interactions with suramin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kohut
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Eötvös Loránd University
- H-1518 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | | | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
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14
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Mortazavian H, Foster LL, Bhat R, Patel S, Kuroda K. Decoupling the Functional Roles of Cationic and Hydrophobic Groups in the Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities of Methacrylate Random Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4370-4378. [PMID: 30350596 PMCID: PMC6238640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of ternary statistical methacrylate copolymers consisting of cationic ammonium (amino-ethyl methacrylate: AEMA), hydrophobic alkyl (ethyl methacrylate: EMA), and neutral hydroxyl (hydroxyethyl methacrylate: HEMA) side chain monomers. The cationic and hydrophobic functionalities of copolymers mimic the cationic amphiphilicity of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The HEMA monomer units were used to separately modulate the compositions of cationic and hydrophobic monomers, and we investigated the effect of each component on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of copolymers. Our data indicated that increasing the number of cationic groups of the copolymers to be more than 30 mol % did not increase their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The number of cationic side chains in a polymer chain at this threshold is 5.5-7.7, which is comparable to those of natural antimicrobial peptides such as maginin (+6). The MIC values of copolymers with >30 mol % of AEMA depend on only the mol % of EMA, indicating that the hydrophobic interactions of the copolymers with E. coli cell membranes determine the antimicrobial activity of copolymers. These results suggest that the roles of cationic and hydrophobic groups can be controlled independently by design in the ternary copolymers studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Leanna L. Foster
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Rajani Bhat
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Shyrie Patel
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48176
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15
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Nievergelt AP, Brillard C, Eskandarian HA, McKinney JD, Fantner GE. Photothermal Off-Resonance Tapping for Rapid and Gentle Atomic Force Imaging of Live Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2984. [PMID: 30274330 PMCID: PMC6213139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging living cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM) promises not only high-resolution topographical data, but additionally, mechanical contrast, both of which are not obtainable with other microscopy techniques. Such imaging is however challenging, as cells need to be measured with low interaction forces to prevent either deformation or detachment from the surface. Off-resonance modes which periodically probe the surface have been shown to be advantageous, as they provide excellent force control combined with large amplitudes, which help reduce lateral force interactions. However, the low actuation frequency in traditional off-resonance techniques limits the imaging speed significantly. Using photothermal actuation, we probe the surface by directly actuating the cantilever. Due to the much smaller mass that needs to be actuated, the achievable measurement frequency is increased by two orders of magnitude. Additionally, photothermal off-resonance tapping (PORT) retains the precise force control of conventional off-resonance modes and is therefore well suited to gentle imaging. Here, we show how photothermal off-resonance tapping can be used to study live cells by AFM. As an example of imaging mammalian cells, the initial attachment, as well as long-term detachment, of human thrombocytes is presented. The membrane disrupting effect of the antimicrobial peptide CM-15 is shown on the cell wall of Escherichia coli. Finally, the dissolution of the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis by lysozyme is shown. Taken together, these evolutionarily disparate forms of life exemplify the usefulness of PORT for live cell imaging in a multitude of biological disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Nievergelt
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Charlène Brillard
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Haig A Eskandarian
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- UPKIN, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - John D McKinney
- UPKIN, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Georg E Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Feix JB, Kohn S, Tessmer MH, Anderson DM, Frank DW. Conformational Changes and Membrane Interaction of the Bacterial Phospholipase, ExoU: Characterization by Site-Directed Spin Labeling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 77:79-87. [PMID: 30047043 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous pathogenic bacteria produce proteins evolved to facilitate their survival and dissemination by modifying the host environment. These proteins, termed effectors, often play a significant role in determining the virulence of the infection. Consequently, bacterial effectors constitute an important class of targets for the development of novel antibiotics. ExoU is a potent phospholipase effector produced by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous studies have established that the phospholipase activity of ExoU requires non-covalent interaction with ubiquitin, however the molecular details of the mechanism of activation and the manner in which ExoU associates with a target lipid bilayer are not understood. In this review we describe our recent studies using site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) and EPR spectroscopy to elucidate the conformational changes and membrane interactions that accompany activation of ExoU. We find that ubiquitin binding and membrane interaction act synergistically to produce structural transitions that occur upon ExoU activation, and that the C-terminal four-helix bundle of ExoU functions as a phospholipid-binding domain, facilitating the association of ExoU with the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy B Feix
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Samantha Kohn
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Maxx H Tessmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - David M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dara W Frank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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17
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Silva T, Claro B, Silva BFB, Vale N, Gomes P, Gomes MS, Funari SS, Teixeira J, Uhríková D, Bastos M. Unravelling a Mechanism of Action for a Cecropin A-Melittin Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide: The Induced Formation of Multilamellar Lipid Stacks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2158-2170. [PMID: 29304549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides is fundamental to the development of new and more active antibiotics. In the present work, we use a wide range of techniques (SANS, SAXD, DSC, ITC, CD, and confocal and electron microscopy) in order to fully characterize the interaction of a cecropin A-melittin hybrid antimicrobial peptide, CA(1-7)M(2-9), of known antimicrobial activity, with a bacterial model membrane of POPE/POPG in an effort to unravel its mechanism of action. We found that CA(1-7)M(2-9) disrupts the vesicles, inducing membrane condensation and forming an onionlike structure of multilamellar stacks, held together by the intercalated peptides. SANS and SAXD revealed changes induced by the peptide in the lipid bilayer thickness and the bilayer stiffening in a tightly packed liquid-crystalline lamellar phase. The analysis of the observed abrupt changes in the repeat distance upon the phase transition to the gel state suggests the formation of an Lγ phase. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first time that the Lγ phase is identified as part of the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides. The energetics of interaction depends on temperature, and ITC results indicate that CA(1-7)M(2-9) interacts with the outer leaflet. This further supports the idea of a surface interaction that leads to membrane condensation and not to pore formation. As a result, we propose that this peptide exerts its antimicrobial action against bacteria through extensive membrane disruption that leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Silva
- CIQ-UP - Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Claro
- CIQ-UP - Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno F B Silva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , 4150-171 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - José Teixeira
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS) , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Uhríková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava , 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Margarida Bastos
- CIQ-UP - Centro de Investigação em Química, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Kaur P, Li Y, Cai J, Song L. Selective Membrane Disruption Mechanism of an Antibacterial γ-AApeptide Defined by EPR Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2017; 110:1789-1799. [PMID: 27119639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-AApeptides are a new class of antibacterial peptidomimetics that are not prone to antibiotic resistance and are highly resistant to protease degradation. It is not clear how γ-AApeptides interact with bacterial membranes and alter lipid assembly, but such information is essential to understanding their antimicrobial activities and guiding future design of more potent and specific antimicrobial agents. Using electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, we characterized the membrane interaction and destabilizing mechanism of a lipo-cyclic-γ-AApeptide (AA1), which has broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. The analyses revealed that AA1 binding increases the membrane permeability of POPC/POPG liposomes, which mimic negatively charged bacterial membranes. AA1 binding also inhibits membrane fluidity and reduces solvent accessibility around the lipid headgroup region. Moreover, AA1 interacts strongly with POPC/POPG liposomes, inducing significant lipid lateral-ordering and membrane thinning. In contrast, minimal membrane property changes were observed upon AA1 binding for liposomes mimicking mammalian cell membranes, which consist of neutral lipids and cholesterol. Our findings suggest that AA1 interacts and disrupts bacterial membranes through a carpet-like mechanism. The results showed that the intrinsic features of γ-AApeptides are important for their ability to disrupt bacterial membranes selectively, the implications of which extend to developing new antibacterial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavanjeet Kaur
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yaqiong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Likai Song
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
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19
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Takahashi H, Caputo GA, Vemparala S, Kuroda K. Synthetic Random Copolymers as a Molecular Platform To Mimic Host-Defense Antimicrobial Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1340-1350. [PMID: 28379682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers have been used as a molecular platform to develop host-defense antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimetics which are effective in killing drug-resistant bacteria. In this topical review, we will discuss the AMP-mimetic design and chemical optimization strategies as well as the biological and biophysical implications of AMP mimicry by synthetic polymers. Traditionally, synthetic polymers have been used as a chemical means to replicate the chemical functionalities and physicochemical properties of AMPs (e.g., cationic charge, hydrophobicity) to recapitulate their mode of action. However, we propose a new perception that AMP-mimetic polymers are an inherently bioactive platform as whole molecules, which mimic more than the side chain functionalities of AMPs. The tunable nature and chemical simplicity of synthetic random polymers facilitate the development of potent, cost-effective, broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The polymer-based approach offers the potential for many antimicrobial applications to be used directly in solution or attached to surfaces to fight against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences , C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Comparative analysis of internalisation, haemolytic, cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of membrane-active cationic peptides: aspects of experimental setup. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1053-1067. [PMID: 28314993 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cationic peptides proved fundamental importance as pharmaceutical agents and/or drug carrier moieties functioning in cellular processes. The comparison of the in vitro activity of these peptides is an experimental challenge and a combination of different methods, such as cytotoxicity, internalisation rate, haemolytic and antibacterial effect, is necessary. At the same time, several issues need to be addressed as the assay conditions have a great influence on the measured biological effects and the experimental setup needs to be optimised. Therefore, critical comparison of results from different assays using representative examples of cell penetrating and antimicrobial peptides was performed and optimal test conditions were suggested. Our main goal was to identify carrier peptides for drug delivery systems of antimicrobial drug candidates. Based on the results of internalisation, haemolytic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activity assays, a classification of cationic peptides is advocated. We found eight promising carrier peptides with good penetration ability of which Penetratin, Tat, Buforin and Dhvar4 peptides showed low adverse haemolytic effect. Penetratin, Transportan, Dhvar4 and the hybrid CM15 peptide had the most potent antibacterial activity on Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC lower than 1.2 μM) and Transportan was effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well. The most selective peptide was the Penetratin, where the effective antimicrobial concentration on pneumococcus was more than 250 times lower than the HC50 value. Therefore, these peptides and their analogues will be further investigated as drug delivery systems for antimicrobial agents.
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21
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Montero-Alejo V, Corzo G, Porro-Suardíaz J, Pardo-Ruiz Z, Perera E, Rodríguez-Viera L, Sánchez-Díaz G, Hernández-Rodríguez EW, Álvarez C, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, Perdomo-Morales R. Panusin represents a new family of β-defensin-like peptides in invertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:310-321. [PMID: 27616720 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta_defensin have been solely found in vertebrates until β-defensin-like peptides were described as transcript isoforms in two species of Panulirus genus. They were considered as putative antimicrobials since their biological activity have not been demonstrated. Here we purified and characterized a defensin-like peptide from the hemocytes of spiny lobster P. argus, hereafter named panusin. Structurally, panusin presents a cysteine-stabilized α/β motif, and is prone to form homodimers. Biological activity of panusin showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, characterized for being strikingly salt-resistant. Panusin did not showed hemolytic activity but was demonstrated its binding capacity to different lipid membrane models, indicating amphipathicity of β-sheet core as driving force for its antimicrobial activity. Panusin is considered a new kind of arthropod defensin which share structural and biological features with beta-defensin from vertebrates. The presence of beta-defensin like peptides in crustacean might suggest the emergence of the evolutionary relationship of β-defensins from vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Javier Porro-Suardíaz
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Zenia Pardo-Ruiz
- Biochemistry Department, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Erick Perera
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Gabriela Sánchez-Díaz
- Department for Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Artemisa, Cuba; Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Erix Wiliam Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department for Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Artemisa, Cuba; Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Álvarez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Zsila F, Bősze S, Horváti K, Szigyártó IC, Beke-Somfai T. Drug and dye binding induced folding of the intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptide CM15. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug binding induces the disorder-to-order conformational transition of the natively unfolded antimicrobial peptide CM15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Hung. Acad. Sci
- Eötvös Loránd University
- H-1518 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Kata Horváti
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Hung. Acad. Sci
- Eötvös Loránd University
- H-1518 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Imola Cs. Szigyártó
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
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23
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Godballe T, Mojsoska B, Nielsen HM, Jenssen H. Antimicrobial activity of GN peptides and their mode of action. Biopolymers 2016; 106:172-183. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troels Godballe
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Hanne M. Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Biologics; University of Copenhagen; 2100 Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science, Systems and Models; Roskilde University; DK-4000 Denmark
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24
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Aitha M, Moller AJ, Sahu ID, Horitani M, Tierney DL, Crowder MW. Investigating the position of the hairpin loop in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, NDM-1, during catalysis and inhibitor binding. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:35-9. [PMID: 26717260 PMCID: PMC4843777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to examine the relative position of a hairpin loop in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, NDM-1, during catalysis, rapid freeze quench double electron electron resonance (RFQ-DEER) spectroscopy was used. A doubly-labeled mutant of NDM-1, which had one spin label on the invariant loop at position 69 and another label at position 235, was prepared and characterized. The reaction of the doubly spin labeled mutant with chromacef was freeze quenched at 500μs and 10ms. DEER results showed that the average distance between labels decreased by 4Å in the 500μs quenched sample and by 2Å in the 10ms quenched sample, as compared to the distance in the unreacted enzyme, although the peaks corresponding to distance distributions were very broad. DEER spectra with the doubly spin labeled enzyme with two inhibitors showed that the distance between the loop residue at position 69 and the spin label at position 235 does not change upon inhibitor binding. This study suggests that the hairpin loop in NDM-1 moves over the metal ion during the catalysis and then moves back to its original position after hydrolysis, which is consistent with a previous hypothesis based on NMR solution studies on a related metallo-β-lactamase. This study also demonstrates that this loop motion occurs in the millisecond time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Aitha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Abraham J Moller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Indra D Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Masaki Horitani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - David L Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michael W Crowder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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25
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Bonucci A, Caldaroni E, Balducci E, Pogni R. A Spectroscopic Study of the Aggregation State of the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Bacterial versus Host Cell Model Membranes. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6760-8. [PMID: 26502164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The LL-37 antimicrobial peptide is the only cathelicidin peptide found in humans that has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Because it exerts also chemotactic and angiogenetic activity, LL-37 is involved in promoting wound healing, reducing inflammation, and strengthening the host immune response. The key to the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) lies in the different compositions of bacterial versus host cell membranes. In this context, antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and two variants were studied in the presence of model membranes with different lipid compositions and charges. The investigation was performed using an experimental strategy that combines the site-directed spin labeling-electron paramagnetic resonance technique with circular dichroism and fluorescence emission spectroscopies. LL-37 interacts with negatively charged membranes forming a stable aggregate, which can likely produce toroidal pores until the amount of bound peptide exceeds a critical concentration. At the same time, we have clearly detected an aggregate with a higher oligomeric degree for interaction of LL-37 with neutral membranes. These data confirm the absence of cell selectivity of the peptide and a more complex role in stimulating host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bonucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Caldaroni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Balducci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino , 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a well-established method that has recently grown in popularity as an experimental technique, with multiple applications in protein and peptide science. The growth is driven by development of labeling strategies, as well as by considerable technical advances in the field, that are paralleled by an increased availability of EPR instrumentation. While the method requires an introduction of a paramagnetic probe at a well-defined position in a peptide sequence, it has been shown to be minimally destructive to the peptide structure and energetics of the peptide-membrane interactions. In this chapter, we describe basic approaches for using SDSL EPR spectroscopy to study interactions between small peptides and biological membranes or membrane mimetic systems. We focus on experimental approaches to quantify peptide-membrane binding, topology of bound peptides, and characterize peptide aggregation. Sample preparation protocols including spin-labeling methods and preparation of membrane mimetic systems are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Kang SJ, Park SJ, Mishig-Ochir T, Lee BJ. Antimicrobial peptides: therapeutic potentials. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1477-86. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.976613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Chen L, Li X, Gao L, Fang W. Theoretical insight into the relationship between the structures of antimicrobial peptides and their actions on bacterial membranes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:850-60. [PMID: 25062757 DOI: 10.1021/jp505497k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides with diverse cationic charges, amphiphathicities, and secondary structures possess a variety of antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, and other generalized targets. To illustrate the relationship between the structures of these peptide and their actions at microscopic level, we present systematic coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics simulations of eight types of antimicrobial peptides with different secondary structures interacting with a lipid bilayer membrane. We find that the peptides use multiple mechanisms to exert their membrane-disruptive activities: A cationic charge is essential for the peptides to selectively target negatively charged bacterial membranes. This cationic charge is also responsible for promoting electroporation. A significant hydrophobic portion is necessary to disrupt the membrane through formation of a permeable pore or translocation. Alternatively, the secondary structure and the corresponding rigidity of the peptides determine the pore structure and the translocation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Xin-wai-da-jie 19#, Beijing 100875, China
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29
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Mechanistic insight into CM18-Tat11 peptide membrane-perturbing action by whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Molecules 2014; 19:9228-39. [PMID: 24991756 PMCID: PMC6271366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-destabilization properties of the recently-introduced endosomolytic CM18-Tat11 hybrid peptide (KWKLFKKIGAVLKVLTTG-YGRKKRRQRRR, residues 1–7 of cecropin-A, 2–12 of melittin, and 47–57 of HIV-1 Tat protein) are investigated in CHO-K1 cells by using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. CM18-Tat11, CM18, and Tat11 peptides are administered to the cell membrane with a computer-controlled micro-perfusion system. CM18-Tat11 induces irreversible cell-membrane permeabilization at concentrations (≥4 µM) at which CM18 triggers transient pore formation, and Tat11 does not affect membrane integrity. We argue that the addition of the Tat11 module to CM18 is able to trigger a shift in the mechanism of membrane destabilization from “toroidal” to “carpet”, promoting a detergent-like membrane disruption. Collectively, these results rationalize previous observations on CM18-Tat11 delivery properties that we believe can guide the engineering of new modular peptides tailored to specific cargo-delivery applications.
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30
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Human neutrophil peptide 1 variants bearing arginine modified cationic side chains: effects on membrane partitioning. Biophys Chem 2014; 190-191:32-40. [PMID: 24820901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Defensins (e.g. human neutrophil peptides, HNPs) have a broad spectrum bactericidal activity contributing to human innate immunity. The positive charge of amino acid side chains is responsible for the first interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides with negatively charged bacterial membranes. α-Defensins contain a high content of Arg residues compared to Lys. In this paper, different peptide analogs including substitution of Arg-14 respectively with N(G)-N(G')-asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), N(G)-N(G')-symmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (SDMA) and Lys (R14K and R15KR14KR15K) variants have been studied to test the role of Arg guanidino group and the localized cationic charge of Lys for interaction with lipid membranes. Our findings show that all the variants have a decreased disruptive activity against the bilayer. The methylated analogs show a reduction in membrane partitioning due to the lack of their ability to form hydrogen bonds. Comparison with the native HNP-1 peptide has been discussed.
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31
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Zhou C, Wang M, Zou K, Chen J, Zhu Y, Du J. Antibacterial Polypeptide-Grafted Chitosan-Based Nanocapsules As an "Armed" Carrier of Anticancer and Antiepileptic Drugs. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:1021-1025. [PMID: 35581872 DOI: 10.1021/mz400480z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial polypeptides as ancient immune defense systems are effective against bacteria. Here we report a novel kind of "armed" carrier: an antibacterial polypeptide-grafted chitosan-based nanocapsule with an excellent antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This nanocapsule also has excellent blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity. Patients after tumor surgery may benefit from this "armed" carrier because it is highly anti-inflammation and is able to deliver anticancer and antiepileptic drugs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Zhou
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Mingzhi Wang
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Kaidian Zou
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- School
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai, 201804, China
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32
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de Vera IMS, Blackburn ME, Galiano L, Fanucci GE. Pulsed EPR distance measurements in soluble proteins by site-directed spin labeling (SDSL). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 74:17.17.1-17.17.29. [PMID: 24510645 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1717s74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in structural biology centers on recent improvements in distance measurements using the double electron-electron resonance (DEER) technique. This unit focuses on EPR-based distance measurements by site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) of engineered cysteine residues in soluble proteins, with HIV-1 protease used as a model. To elucidate conformational changes in proteins, experimental protocols were optimized and existing data analysis programs were employed to derive distance-distribution profiles. Experimental considerations, sample preparation, and error analysis for artifact suppression are also outlined herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy E Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Luis Galiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Syngenta Crop Protection, Minnetonka, Minnesota
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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33
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Solution NMR studies on the orientation of membrane-bound peptides and proteins by paramagnetic probes. Molecules 2013; 18:7407-35. [PMID: 23799448 PMCID: PMC6269851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many peptides and proteins are attached to or immersed in a biological membrane. In order to understand their function not only the structure but also their topology in the membrane is important. Solution NMR spectroscopy is one of the most often used approaches to determine the orientation and localization of membrane-bound peptides and proteins. Here we give an application-oriented overview on the use of paramagnetic probes for the investigation of membrane-bound peptides and proteins. The examples discussed range from the large pool of antimicrobial peptides, bacterial toxins, cell penetrating peptides to domains of larger proteins or the calcium regulating protein phospholamban. Topological information is obtained in all these examples by the use of either attached or freely mobile paramagnetic tags. For some examples information obtained from the paramagnetic probes was included in the structure determination.
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34
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Bonucci A, Balducci E, Pistolesi S, Pogni R. The defensin–lipid interaction: Insights on the binding states of the human antimicrobial peptide HNP-1 to model bacterial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:758-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Cui Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang L, Ding Z, Qu X, Cui H. Class IIa bacteriocins: diversity and new developments. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16668-707. [PMID: 23222636 PMCID: PMC3546714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins are heat-stable, unmodified peptides with a conserved amino acids sequence YGNGV on their N-terminal domains, and have received much attention due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, their high biological activity, and their excellent heat stability. They are promising and attractive agents that could function as biopreservatives in the food industry. This review summarizes the new developments in the area of class IIa bacteriocins and aims to provide uptodate information that can be used in designing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhongqing Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
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36
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Salomone F, Cardarelli F, Di Luca M, Boccardi C, Nifosì R, Bardi G, Di Bari L, Serresi M, Beltram F. A novel chimeric cell-penetrating peptide with membrane-disruptive properties for efficient endosomal escape. J Control Release 2012; 163:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Alfieri KN, Vienneau AR, Londergan CH. Using infrared spectroscopy of cyanylated cysteine to map the membrane binding structure and orientation of the hybrid antimicrobial peptide CM15. Biochemistry 2011; 50:11097-108. [PMID: 22103476 PMCID: PMC3246368 DOI: 10.1021/bi200903p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic antimicrobial peptide CM15, a hybrid of N-terminal sequences from cecropin and melittin peptides, has been shown to be extremely potent. Its mechanism of action has been thought to involve pore formation based on prior site-directed spin labeling studies. This study examines four single-site β-thiocyanatoalanine variants of CM15 in which the artificial amino acid side chain acts as a vibrational reporter of its local environment through the frequency and line shape of the unique CN stretching band in the infrared spectrum. Circular dichroism experiments indicate that the placements of the artificial side chain have only small perturbative effects on the membrane-bound secondary structure of the CM15 peptide. All variant peptides were placed in buffer solution, in contact with dodecylphosphatidylcholine micelles, and in contact with vesicles formed from Escherichia coli polar lipid extract. At each site, the CN stretching band reports a different behavior. Time-dependent attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra were also collected for each variant as it was allowed to remodel the E. coli lipid vesicles. The results of these experiments agree with the previously proposed formation of toroidal pores, in which each peptide finds itself in an increasingly homogeneous and curved local environment without apparent peptide-peptide interactions. This work also demonstrates the excellent sensitivity of the SCN stretching vibration to small changes in the peptide-lipid interfacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice R. Vienneau
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041-1392
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38
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Melo MN, Ferre R, Feliu L, Bardají E, Planas M, Castanho MARB. Prediction of antibacterial activity from physicochemical properties of antimicrobial peptides. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28549. [PMID: 22194847 PMCID: PMC3237455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Consensus is gathering that antimicrobial peptides that exert their antibacterial action at the membrane level must reach a local concentration threshold to become active. Studies of peptide interaction with model membranes do identify such disruptive thresholds but demonstrations of the possible correlation of these with the in vivo onset of activity have only recently been proposed. In addition, such thresholds observed in model membranes occur at local peptide concentrations close to full membrane coverage. In this work we fully develop an interaction model of antimicrobial peptides with biological membranes; by exploring the consequences of the underlying partition formalism we arrive at a relationship that provides antibacterial activity prediction from two biophysical parameters: the affinity of the peptide to the membrane and the critical bound peptide to lipid ratio. A straightforward and robust method to implement this relationship, with potential application to high-throughput screening approaches, is presented and tested. In addition, disruptive thresholds in model membranes and the onset of antibacterial peptide activity are shown to occur over the same range of locally bound peptide concentrations (10 to 100 mM), which conciliates the two types of observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel N. Melo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MNM); (MARBC)
| | - Rafael Ferre
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Lídia Feliu
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Eduard Bardají
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- Laboratori d'Innovació en Processos i Productes de Síntesi Orgànica, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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39
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Kaminski HM, Feix JB. Effects of D-Lysine Substitutions on the Activity and Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptide CM15. Polymers (Basel) 2011; 3:2088-2106. [PMID: 30405905 DOI: 10.3390/polym3042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their potent antimicrobial activity, the usefulness of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as antibiotics has been limited by their toxicity to eukaryotic cells and a lack of stability in vivo. In the present study we examined the effects of introducing D-lysine residues into a 15-residue hybrid AMP containing residues 1-7 of cecropin A and residues 2-9 of melittin (designated CM15). Diastereomeric analogs of CM15 containing between two and five D-lysine substitutions were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, lysis of human erythrocytes, toxicity to murine macrophages, ability to disrupt cell membranes, and protease stability. All of the analogs caused rapid permeabilization of the Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope, as indicated by uptake of SYTOX green. CM15 also permeabilized the plasma membrane of RAW264.7 macrophages, but this was substantially diminished for the D-lysine containing analogs. The introduction of D-lysine caused moderate decreases in antimicrobial activity for all analogs studied. However, D-Lys substitution produced a much more pronounced reduction in toxicity to eukaryotic cells, leading to marked improvements in antimicrobial efficacy for some analogs. Circular dichroism studies indicated a progressive loss of helical secondary structure upon introduction of D-lysine residues, and there was a good correspondence between helical content and eukaryotic cell cytotoxicity. Overall, these studies show that the biological activity of CM15 analogs containing D-lysine depends on both the number and position of D-Lys substitutions, and that such substitutions can dramatically lower toxicity to eukaryotic cells with only minimal decreases in antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Kaminski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Jimmy B Feix
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226
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40
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Russell AL, Kennedy AM, Spuches AM, Gibson WS, Venugopal D, Klapper D, Srouji AH, Bhonsle JB, Hicks RP. Determining the effect of the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into antimicrobial peptides on the interactions with zwitterionic and anionic membrane model systems. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:740-58. [PMID: 21945566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Circular Dichroism (CD), isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and calcein fluorescence leakage experiments were conducted to provide insight into the mechanisms of binding of a series of antimicrobial peptides containing unnatural amino acids (Ac-XF-Tic-Oic-XK-Tic-Oic-XF-Tic-Oic-XK-Tic-KKKK-CONH(2)) to zwitterionic and anionic micelles, SUVs and LUVs; where X (Spacer# 1) is either Gly, β-Ala, Gaba or 6-aminohexanoic acid. It is the intent of this investigation to correlate these interactions with the observed potency and selectivity against several different strains of bacteria. The CD spectra of these compounds in the presence of zwitterionic DPC micelles and anionic SDS micelles are very different indicating that these compounds adopt different conformations on binding to the surface of anionic and zwitterionic membrane models. These compounds also exhibited very different CD spectra in the presence of zwitterionic POPC and anionic mixed 4:1 POPC/POPG SUVs and LUVs, indicating the formation of different conformations on interaction with the two membrane types. This observation is also supported by ITC and calcein leakage data. ITC data suggested these peptides interact primarily with the surface of zwitterionic LUVs and was further supported by fluorescence experiments where the interactions do not appear to be concentration dependent. In the presence of anionic membranes, the interactions appear more complex and the calorimetric and fluorescence data both imply pore formation is dependent on peptide concentration. Furthermore, evidence suggests that as the length of Spacer# 1 increases the mechanism of pore formation also changes. Based on the observed differences in the mechanisms of interactions with zwitterionic and anionic LUVs these AMPs are potential candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Russell
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
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41
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Díaz MD, de la Torre BG, Fernández-Reyes M, Rivas L, Andreu D, Jiménez-Barbero J. Structural framework for the modulation of the activity of the hybrid antibiotic peptide cecropin A-melittin [CA(1-7)M(2-9)] by Nε-lysine trimethylation. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2177-83. [PMID: 21805551 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 3D structures of six linear pentadecapeptides derived from the cecropin A-melittin antimicrobial peptide CA(1-7)M(2-9) [KWKLFKKIGAVLKVL-NH(2)] have been studied. These analogues are modified by ε-NH(2) trimethylation of one or more lysine residues and showed variation in both antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, depending on the number and position of modified lysines. Since it is expected that these peptides will display a strong conformational ordering when in contact with membranes, we have investigated their structure on the basis of the data extracted from NMR experiments performed in membrane-mimetic environments. We show that inclusion of N(ε)-trimethylated lysine residues induces a certain degree of structural flexibility, while preserving to a variable extent a largely α-helical structure. In addition, peptide orientation with respect to SDS micelles has been explored by detection of the intensity changes of peptide NMR signals upon addition of a paramagnetic probe (Mn(2+) ions).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Físico-Química, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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42
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Weghuber J, Aichinger MC, Brameshuber M, Wieser S, Ruprecht V, Plochberger B, Madl J, Horner A, Reipert S, Lohner K, Henics T, Schütz GJ. Cationic amphipathic peptides accumulate sialylated proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic host cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2581-90. [PMID: 21718688 PMCID: PMC3161180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) selectively target bacterial membranes by electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids. It turned out that for inhibition of microbial growth a high CAMP membrane concentration is required, which can be realized by the incorporation of hydrophobic groups within the peptide. Increasing hydrophobicity, however, reduces the CAMP selectivity for bacterial over eukaryotic host membranes, thereby causing the risk of detrimental side-effects. In this study we addressed how cationic amphipathic peptides—in particular a CAMP with Lysine–Leucine–Lysine repeats (termed KLK)—affect the localization and dynamics of molecules in eukaryotic membranes. We found KLK to selectively inhibit the endocytosis of a subgroup of membrane proteins and lipids by electrostatically interacting with negatively charged sialic acid moieties. Ultrastructural characterization revealed the formation of membrane invaginations representing fission or fusion intermediates, in which the sialylated proteins and lipids were immobilized. Experiments on structurally different cationic amphipathic peptides (KLK, 6-MO-LF11-322 and NK14-2) indicated a cooperation of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces that selectively arrest sialylated membrane constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Weghuber
- Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstr 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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Thennarasu S, Huang R, Lee DK, Yang P, Maloy L, Chen Z, Ramamoorthy A. Limiting an antimicrobial peptide to the lipid-water interface enhances its bacterial membrane selectivity: a case study of MSI-367. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10595-605. [PMID: 21062093 PMCID: PMC3006059 DOI: 10.1021/bi101394r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a minimalist design approach, a synthetic peptide MSI-367 [(KFAKKFA)(3)-NH(2)] was designed and synthesized with the objective of generating cell-selective nonlytic peptides, which have a significant bearing on cell targeting. The peptide exhibited potent activity against both bacteria and fungi, but no toxicity to human cells at micromolar concentrations. Bacterial versus human cell membrane selectivity of the peptide was determined via membrane permeabilization assays. Circular dichroism investigations revealed the intrinsic helix propensity of the peptide, β-turn structure in aqueous buffer and extended and turn conformations upon binding to lipid vesicles. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments with 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers indicated the induction of positive curvature strain and repression of the fluid lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition by MSI-367. Results of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments suggested the possibility of formation of specific lipid-peptide complexes leading to aggregation. (2)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of deuterated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) multilamellar vesicles confirmed the limited effect of the membrane-embedded peptide at the lipid-water interface. (31)P NMR data indicated changes in the lipid headgroup orientation of POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol, and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine lipid bilayers upon peptide binding. Membrane-embedded and membrane-inserted states of the peptide were observed via sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Circular dichroism, ITC, and (31)P NMR data for Escherichia coli lipids agree with the hypothesis that strong electrostatic lipid-peptide interactions embrace the peptide at the lipid-water interface and provide the basis for bacterial cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiah Thennarasu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Dong-Kuk Lee
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Lee Maloy
- Genaera Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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Verdon J, Labanowski J, Sahr T, Ferreira T, Lacombe C, Buchrieser C, Berjeaud JM, Héchard Y. Fatty acid composition modulates sensitivity of Legionella pneumophila to warnericin RK, an antimicrobial peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:1146-53. [PMID: 21182824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Warnericin RK is an antimicrobial peptide, produced by a Staphyloccocus warneri strain, described to be specifically active against Legionella, the pathogenic bacteria responsible for Legionnaires' disease. Warnericin RK is an amphiphilic alpha-helical peptide, which possesses a detergent-like mode of action. Two others peptides, δ-hemolysin I and II, produced by the same S. warneri strain, are highly similar to S. aureus δ-hemolysin and also display anti-Legionella activity. It has been recently reported that S. aureus δ-hemolysin activity on vesicles is likewise related to phospholipid acyl-chain structure, such as chain length and saturation. As staphylococcal δ-hemolysins were highly similar, we thus hypothesized that fatty acid composition of Legionella's membrane might influence the sensitivity of the bacteria to warnericin RK. Relationship between sensitivity to the peptide and fatty acid composition was then followed in various conditions. Cells in stationary phase, which were already described as less resistant than cells in exponential phase, displayed higher amounts of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and short chain fatty acids. An adapted strain, able to grow at a concentration 33 fold higher than minimal inhibitory concentration of the wild type (i.e. 1μM), was isolated after repeated transfers of L. pneumophila in the presence of increased concentrations of warnericin RK. The amount of BCFA was significantly higher in the adapted strain than in the wild type strain. Also, a transcriptomic analysis of the wild type and adapted strains showed that two genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were repressed in the adapted strain. These genes encode enzymes involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids respectively. Their repression was in agreement with the decrease of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid chain length in the adapted strain. Conclusively, our results indicate that the increase of BCFA and the decrease of fatty acid chain length in membrane were correlated with the increase in resistance to warnericin RK. Therefore, fatty acid profile seems to play a critical role in the sensitivity of L. pneumophila to warnericin RK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Verdon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Eau, UMR CNRS 6008, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Venugopal D, Klapper D, Srouji AH, Bhonsle JB, Borschel R, Mueller A, Russell AL, Williams BC, Hicks RP. Novel antimicrobial peptides that exhibit activity against select agents and other drug resistant bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5137-47. [PMID: 20558071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divakaramenon Venugopal
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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46
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Vitiello G, Grimaldi M, Ramunno A, Ortona O, De Martino G, D'Ursi AM, D'Errico G. Interaction of a beta-sheet breaker peptide with lipid membranes. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:115-22. [PMID: 20063331 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of beta-amyloid peptides into senile plaques has been identified as one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. An attractive therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease is the inhibition of the soluble beta-amyloid aggregation using synthetic beta-sheet breaker peptides that are capable of binding Abeta but are unable to become part of a beta-sheet structure. As the early stages of the Abeta aggregation process are supposed to occur close to the neuronal membrane, it is strategic to define the beta-sheet breaker peptide positioning with respect to lipid bilayers. In this work, we have focused on the interaction between the beta-sheet breaker peptide acetyl-LPFFD-amide, iAbeta5p, and lipid membranes, studied by ESR spectroscopy, using either peptides alternatively labeled at the C- and at the N-terminus or phospholipids spin-labeled in different positions of the acyl chain. Our results show that iAbeta5p interacts directly with membranes formed by the zwitterionic phospholipid dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and this interaction is modulated by inclusion of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer formulation, in terms of both peptide partition coefficient and the solubilization site. In particular, cholesterol decreases the peptide partition coefficient between the membrane and the aqueous medium. Moreover, in the absence of cholesterol, iAbeta5p is located between the outer part of the hydrophobic core and the external hydrophilic layer of the membrane, while in the presence of cholesterol it penetrates more deeply into the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vitiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Paolo Corradini", Università di Napoli "Federico II" Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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47
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Russell AL, Kennedy AM, Spuches AM, Venugopal D, Bhonsle JB, Hicks RP. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic evidence for antimicrobial peptide membrane selectivity. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:488-97. [PMID: 20362562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In our laboratory we developed a series of antimicrobial peptides that exhibit selectivity and potency for prokaryotic over eukaryotic cells (Hicks et al., 2007). Circular dichroism (CD), isothermal calorimetry (ITC) and calcein leakage assays were conducted to determine the mechanism of lipid binding of a representative peptide 1 (Ac-GF-Tic-Oic-GK-Tic-Oic-GF-Tic-Oic-GK-Tic-KKKK-CONH(2)) to model membranes. POPC liposomes were used as a simple model for eukaryotic membranes and 4:1 POPC:POPG liposomes were used as a simple model for prokaryotic membranes. CD, ITC and calcein leakage data clearly indicate that compound 1 interacts via very different mechanisms with the two different liposome membranes. Compound 1 exhibits weaker binding and induces less calcein leakage in POPC liposomes than POPC:POPG (4:1 mole ratio) liposomes. The predominant binding mechanism to POPC appears to be limited to surface interactions while the mechanism of binding to 4:1 POPC:POPG most likely involves some type of pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Russell
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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48
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McMahon HA, Alfieri KN, Clark KAA, Londergan CH. Cyanylated Cysteine: A Covalently Attached Vibrational Probe of Protein-Lipid Contacts. J Phys Chem Lett 2010; 1:850-855. [PMID: 20228945 PMCID: PMC2836368 DOI: 10.1021/jz1000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyanylated cysteine, or beta-thiocyanatoalanine, is an artificial amino acid that can be introduced into peptides and proteins by post-translational chemical modification of solvent-exposed cysteine side chains, and thus it can be used in any protein with a suitable expression and mutagenesis system. In this study, cyanylated cysteine is introduced at selected sites in two model peptides that have been shown to bind to membrane interfaces: a membrane-binding sequence of the human myelin basic protein and the antimicrobial peptide CM15. Far-UV circular dichroism indicates that the secondary structures of the bound peptides are not influenced by introduction of the artificial side chain. Infrared spectra of both systems in buffer and exposed to dodecylphosphocholine micelles indicate that the CN stretching absorption band of cyanylated cysteine can clearly distinguish between membrane burial and solvent exposure of the artificial side chain. Since infrared spectroscopy can be applied in a wide variety of lipid systems, and since cyanylated cysteine can be introduced into proteins of arbitrary size via mutagenesis and post-translational modification, this new probe could see wide use in characterizing the protein-lipid interactions of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
| | - Katherine N. Alfieri
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
| | - Katherine A. A. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
| | - Casey H. Londergan
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041
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49
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Zhou C, Qi X, Li P, Chen WN, Mouad L, Chang MW, Leong SSJ, Chan-Park MB. High potency and broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of alpha-aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydrides. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:60-7. [PMID: 19957992 DOI: 10.1021/bm900896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), particularly those effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ), are important alternatives to antibiotics. Typical peptide synthesis methods involving solid-phase sequential synthesis are slow and costly, which are obstacles to their more widespread application. In this paper, we synthesize peptides via ring-opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) using a transition metal initiator. This method offers high potential for inexpensive synthesis of substantial quantities of AMPs. Lysine (K) was chosen as the hydrophilic amino acid and alanine (A), phenylalanine (F), and leucine (L) as the hydrophobic amino acids. We synthesized five series of AMPs (i.e., P(KA), P(KL), P(KF), P(KAL), and P(KFL)), varied the hydrophobic amino acid content from 0 to 100%, and determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against clinically important Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi (i.e., Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), P. aeruginosa , Serratia marcescens ( S. marcescens ), and Candida albicans ( C. albicans ). We found that P(K(10)F(7.5)L(7.5)) and P(K(10)F(15)) show the broadest activity against all five pathogens and have the lowest MICs against these pathogens. For P(K(10)F(7.5)L(7.5)), the MICs against E. coli , P. aeruginosa , S. marcescens , S. aureus , and C. albicans are 31 microg/mL, 31 microg/mL, 250 microg/mL, 31 microg/mL, and 62.5 microg/mL, while for P(K(10)F(15)) the respective MICs are 31 microg/mL, 31 microg/mL, 250 microg/mL, 31 microg/mL, and 125 microg/mL. These are lower than the MICs of many naturally occurring AMPs. The membrane depolarization and SEM assays confirm that the mechanism of microbe killing by P(K(10)F(7.5)L(7.5)) copeptide includes membrane disruption, which is likely to inhibit rapid induction of AMP-resistance in pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncai Zhou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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50
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Vad B, Thomsen LA, Bertelsen K, Franzmann M, Pedersen JM, Nielsen SB, Vosegaard T, Valnickova Z, Skrydstrup T, Enghild JJ, Wimmer R, Nielsen NC, Otzen DE. Divorcing folding from function: how acylation affects the membrane-perturbing properties of an antimicrobial peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:806-20. [PMID: 20026432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many small cationic peptides, which are unstructured in aqueous solution, have antimicrobial properties. These properties are assumed to be linked to their ability to permeabilize bacterial membranes, accompanied by the transition to an alpha-helical folding state. Here we show that there is no direct link between folding of the antimicrobial peptide Novicidin (Nc) and its membrane permeabilization. N-terminal acylation with C8-C16 alkyl chains and the inclusion of anionic lipids both increase Nc's ability to form alpha-helical structure in the presence of vesicles. Nevertheless, both acylation and anionic lipids reduce the extent of permeabilization of these vesicles and lead to slower permeabilization kinetics. Furthermore, acylation significantly decreases antimicrobial activity. Although acyl chains of increasing length also increase the tendency of the peptides to aggregate in solution, this cannot rationalize our results since permeabilization and antimicrobial activities are observed well below concentrations where aggregation occurs. This suggests that significant induction of alpha-helical structure is not a prerequisite for membrane perturbation in this class of antimicrobial peptides. Our data suggests that for Nc, induction of alpha-helical structure may inhibit rather than facilitate membrane disruption, and that a more peripheral interaction may be the most efficient permeabilization mechanism. Furthermore, acylation leads to a deeper embedding in the membrane, which could lead to an anti-permeabilizing "plugging" effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Vad
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, University of Aarhus, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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