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Aguiar-Oliveira MH, Salvatori R. The state of Sergipe contribution to GH research: from Souza Leite to Itabaianinha syndrome. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:919-928. [PMID: 36394485 PMCID: PMC10118753 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the late 19th century, José Dantas de Souza Leite, a physician born in Sergipe, published the first detailed clinical description of acromegaly under the guidance of the French neurologist Pierre Marie. In 2014, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism created the "José Dantas de Souza Leite Award", which is granted every two years to a Brazilian researcher who has contributed to the development of endocrinology. In 2022, the award was given to another physician from Sergipe, Manuel Hermínio de Aguiar Oliveira, from the Federal University of Sergipe for the description of "Itabaianinha syndrome" in a cohort of individuals with isolated GH deficiency due to a homozygous inactivating mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene. This research, which was carried out over almost 30 years, was performed in partnership with Roberto Salvatori from Johns Hopkins University and in collaboration with other researchers around the world. This review article tells the story of Souza Leite, some milestones in the history of GH, and summarizes the description of Itabaianinha syndrome.
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K, Masternak MM. Growth Hormone and Aging: New Findings. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:454-465. [PMID: 33663025 PMCID: PMC8255405 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex relationships between growth hormone (GH) signaling and mammalian aging continue to attract attention of many investigators. Recent results include evidence that the impact of GH on genome maintenance (DNA damage and repair) is drastically different in normal as compared to cancer cells, consistent with GH promoting aging and cancer progression. Impact of GH on DNA methylation was studied as a possible mechanism linking actions of GH during early life to the trajectory of aging. Animals with reduced or enhanced GH signaling and novel animals with adipocyte-specific deletion of GH receptors were used to elucidate the effects of GH on white and brown adipose tissue, including the impact of this hormone on lipolysis, fibrosis, and thermogenesis. Effects of GH on adipose tissue related to lipid and energy metabolism emerge as mechanistic links between GH, healthspan, and lifespan. Treatment of healthy men with a combination of GH, dehydroepiandrosterone, and metformin was reported to restore thymus function and reduce epigenetic age. Studies of human subjects with deficiency of GH or GH receptors and studies of mice with the same endocrine syndromes identified several phenotypic changes related (positively or negatively) to the previously reported predisposition to healthy aging. Results of these and other recent studies advance present understanding of the mechanisms by which GH influences aging and longevity and of the trade-offs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Aguiar-Oliveira MH, Salvatori R. Disruption of the GHRH receptor and its impact on children and adults: The Itabaianinha syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:81-89. [PMID: 32935264 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since 1994, we have been studying an extended kindred with 105 subjects (over 8 generations) residing in Itabaianinha County, in the Brazilian state of Sergipe, who have severe isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a homozygous inactivating mutation (c.57 + 1G > A) in the GH releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor (GHRHR) gene. Most of these individuals have never received GH replacement therapy. They have low GH, and very low and often undetectable levels of serum IGF-I. Their principal physical findings are proportionate short stature, doll facies, high-pitched-voice, central obesity, wrinkled skin, and youthful hair with delayed pigmentation, and virtual absence of graying. The newborns from this cohort are of normal size, indicating that GH is not needed for intra-uterine growth. However, these IGHD individuals exhibit a myriad of phenotypic changes throughout the body, with a greater number of beneficial than harmful consequences. This GHRH signal disruption syndrome has been a valuable model to study the GH roles in body size and function. This reviews summarized the findings we have reported on this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista s/n, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Marinho CG, Melo HA, Salvatori R, Nunes MAP, Oliveira CRP, Campos VC, Barros-Oliveira CS, Oliveira-Santos AA, Menezes NV, Santos-Júnior HT, Santos EG, Melo MA, Oliveira JLM, Melo EV, Aguiar-Oliveira MH. Cerebral vasoreactivity, a surrogate marker of cerebrovascular disease, is not impaired in subjects with lifetime, untreated, congenital isolated GH deficiency. Endocrine 2020; 70:388-395. [PMID: 32656695 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is a major cause of death and disability. The role of the GH/IGF-I axis on CeVD risk is controversial. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) in the setting of hypopituitarism often exhibit CeVD predisposing factors, like low nitric oxide generation, endothelial dysfunction, increased visceral fat mass, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, and increased intima-media thickness, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. However, several confounders such as the primary hypothalamic-pituitary lesion, hormonal replacement therapies, consequences of surgery and radiotherapy, may influence this relationship. Therefore, we decided to assess cerebral vasoreactivity, a surrogate marker of CeVD, in adult subjects with untreated isolated GHD (IGHD) due to the same homozygous null mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 25 adult IGHD subjects and 25 age- and gender-matched controls. Interview, physical examination, laboratory data, intima-media thickness measurement, and transcranial Doppler were performed. The intracranial hemodynamics (mean flow velocity, pulsatility and resistance indexes) were measured, and the response to the vasodilatory stimulus by breath-holding maneuver (breath-holding index) was calculated. RESULTS IGHD and control groups were similar in Framingham risk score and intima-media thickness. Similarly, there was no difference in mean flow velocity, pulsatility, resistance, and breath-holding index. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime, untreated IGHD does not cause impaired cerebral vasoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindi G Marinho
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Hyder A Melo
- Service of Transcranial Doppler, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Marco A P Nunes
- Division of Angiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Carla R P Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Campos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Cynthia S Barros-Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Alécia A Oliveira-Santos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Nelmo V Menezes
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Hertz T Santos-Júnior
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Elenilde G Santos
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Manuela A Melo
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Joselina L M Oliveira
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Enaldo V Melo
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
| | - Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49060-100, Brazil
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