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Guo M, Sun Y, Wei Y, Xu J, Zhang C. Advances in targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1372553. [PMID: 38501105 PMCID: PMC10944873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1372553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Driven by the intricacy of the illness and the need for individualized treatments, targeted therapy and biomarker research in thyroid cancer represent an important frontier in oncology. The variety of genetic changes associated with thyroid cancer demand more investigation to elucidate molecular details. This research is clinically significant since it can be used to develop customized treatment plans. A more focused approach is provided by targeted therapies, which target certain molecular targets such as mutant BRAF or RET proteins. This strategy minimizes collateral harm to healthy tissues and may also reduce adverse effects. Simultaneously, patient categorization based on molecular profiles is made possible by biomarker exploration, which allows for customized therapy regimens and maximizes therapeutic results. The benefits of targeted therapy and biomarker research go beyond their immediate clinical impact to encompass the whole cancer landscape. Comprehending the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer facilitates the creation of novel treatments that specifically target aberrant molecules. This advances the treatment of thyroid cancer and advances precision medicine, paving the way for the treatment of other cancers. Taken simply, more study on thyroid cancer is promising for better patient care. The concepts discovered during this investigation have the potential to completely transform the way that care is provided, bringing in a new era of personalized, precision medicine. This paradigm shift could improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with thyroid cancer and act as an inspiration for advances in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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2
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Yildiz C, Caner A, Oksasoglu B, Misir S, Yaylim İ, Hepokur C. The role of cytokeratin 19 levels in the determination of endometriosis stages. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:879-884. [PMID: 36068968 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2120606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/AIM Endometrisosis, one of the most common gynecological disease, is characterized by the presence of endometriotic tissue outside of uterine cavity. The development and the validation of a simple blood biomarker specific and sensitive for endometriosis may facilitate the rapid and the accurate diagnosis of the disease and thus early treatment. Cytokeratin expression changes during epithelial differentiation and this expression is important for the modulation and the control of cell cycle regulation, tumor cell motility and apoptosis. Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) is expressed in most simple epithelial cells and their malignant counterparts. The aim of this study is to investigate serum CK-19 expression levels in patients with endometriosis and to determine the diagnostic role of CK-19 levels in differentiating various stage of endometriosis. METHODS Ctytokeratin-19 expression and level were studied in 70 endometriosis patients and 50 volunteers by ELISA and RT-PCR. ROC analysis was performed by comparing all stages with each other and with the control group. RESULTS The CK-19 levels were significantly higher in the endometriosis groups than that of the control group by ELISA and RT-PCR. A significant (p < .05) difference was observed in endometriosis patients according to the stages. CONCLUSION Based on our data, it suggests that Cytokeratin-19 may have a potential role in the development of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Yildiz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty of Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Armagan Caner
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bugra Oksasoglu
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sarkisla Public Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sema Misir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - İlhan Yaylim
- The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Hepokur
- The Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Campennì A, Giovanella L. Nuclear medicine therapy of thyroid cancer post-thyroidectomy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Jeong C, Lee J, Yoon H, Ha J, Kim MH, Bae JS, Jung CK, Kim JS, Kang MI, Lim DJ. Serum CYFRA 21.1 Level Predicts Disease Course in Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040811. [PMID: 33671989 PMCID: PMC7919275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of serum Cyfra 21.1 as a biomarker in thyroid cancer has yet to be validated. This study investigated the diagnostic or prognostic role of serum Cyfra 21.1 in thyroid cancer. In the present analysis, we found that serum Cyfra 21.1 was increased in thyroid cancer with distant metastasis compared with thyroid cancer without metastasis. Furthermore, in progressive disease when thyroglobulin was undetectable or thyroglobulin monitoring was useless because of thyroglobulin antibody, serial follow-up based on serum Cyfra 21.1 levels might be used as an alternative biomarker for disease monitoring. Abstract Background: Serum Cyfra 21.1, the soluble fragment of CK19, has been used as a prognostic tumor marker in various cancers, indicating poor tumor differentiation and increased metastasis. Methods: We analyzed the serum Cyfra 21.1 level in 51 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer manifesting distant metastasis treated with prior total thyroidectomy. Serum Cyfra 21.1 levels of 26 thyroid cancer patients without metastasis and 50 healthy individuals were used for comparison. Results: Higher serum Cyfra 21.1 levels were detected in thyroid cancer patients with distant metastasis compared with healthy subjects and thyroid cancer patients without metastasis (p = 0.012). Serum Cyfra 21.1 levels were significantly increased in patients with positive BRAF V600E mutation (p = 0.019), undergoing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) therapy (p = 0.008), with radioiodine-refractory status (p = 0.047), and in disease progression compared with those manifesting stable disease (p = 0.007). In progressive disease with undetectable or unmonitored thyroglobulin because of thyroglobulin antibody, serum Cyfra 21.1 was useful as a biomarker for follow-up of disease course. Conclusion: Serum Cyfra 21.1 in thyroid cancer patients might represent an alternative biomarker predicting tumor progression, especially in cases not associated with serum Tg levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiho Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.J.); (J.H.); (M.-I.K.)
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.L.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Hyukjin Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.J.); (J.H.); (M.-I.K.)
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.L.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Ja-Seong Bae
- Department of General Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-S.B.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Chan-Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.-S.B.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Moo-Il Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.J.); (J.H.); (M.-I.K.)
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (C.J.); (J.H.); (M.-I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6009; Fax: +82-2-599-3589
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5
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Xiao Q, Jia Q, Tan J, Meng Z. Serum biomarkers for thyroid cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:807-815. [PMID: 32677454 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of thyroid cancer requires a reliable serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring. Serum thyroglobulin has been established as the primary postoperative and postablative monitoring biomarker for this malignancy. However, the presence of thyroglobulin antibody imposes a significant interference on its overall management, which cannot be diminished by currently available assays. Trends on the level of the thyroglobulin antibody during follow-up is considered as a surrogate biomarker, but controversy exists. A variety of alternative biomarkers are being proposed and investigated, nevertheless, clinical trials and prospective validations are needed before they can be regarded as clinically viable serum parameters for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
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Malapure SS, Patel CD, Lakshmy R, Bal C. Evaluation of CYFRA 21.1 as a Dedifferentiation Marker of Advanced Thyroid Cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE : IJNM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, INDIA 2020; 35:116-121. [PMID: 32351265 PMCID: PMC7182327 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_148_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas have good prognosis, but as it de-differentiates, the survival rates go down. Early identification of such patients needs a marker which indicates the dedifferentiation process. CYFRA 21.1 has also shown to be increased in patients with 131I refractory thyroid cancer. We tested whether CYFRA 21.1 can differentiate between 131I avid and refractory tumors. METHODOLOGY Well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients with known distant metastases were accrued and tested for stimulated and unstimulated thyroglobulin and CYFRA 21.1. All patients underwent 131I whole-body scan, 131I post therapy scan, and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Those with even a single 131I nonavid lesion were considered 131I refractory disease. CYFRA 21.1 of both 131I avid and nonavid was compared, and CYFRA 21.1 levels against disease extent were analyzed. RESULTS CYFRA 21.1 levels were significantly elevated in 131I refractory group. A cutoff value of 2.07 ng/ml distinguished between 131I avid and refractory disease with high sensitivity and specificity (88% and 89. 7%, respectively). However, CYFRA 21.1 levels were similar in patients when analyzed based on disease sites. CONCLUSION CYFRA 21.1 can be utilized to differentiate between 131I avid and refractory diseases. Further long-term studies are required to use it as a predictive and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Suresh Malapure
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan D Patel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Matrone A, Torregrossa L, Sensi E, Cappellani D, Baronti W, Ciampi R, Molinaro E, Ugolini C, Aghababyan A, De Napoli L, Latrofa F, Materazzi G, Basolo F, Vitti P, Elisei R. The Molecular Signature More Than the Site of Localization Defines the Origin of the Malignancy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1390. [PMID: 31921647 PMCID: PMC6928194 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of the primary origin of metastases to the thyroid gland is not easy, in particular in case of concomitant lung adenocarcinoma which shares several immunophenotypical features. Although rare, these tumors should be completely characterized in order to set up specific therapies. This is the case of a 64-years-old woman referred to our institution for a very advanced neoplastic disease diagnosed both as poorly differentiated/anaplastic thyroid cancer (PDTC/ATC) for the huge involvement of the neck and concomitant lung adenocarcinoma (LA). Neither the clinical features and the imaging evaluation nor the tumor markers allowed a well-defined diagnosis. Moreover, the histologic features of the thyroid and lung biopsies confirmed the synchronous occurrence of two different tumors. The molecular analysis showed a c.34G>T (p.G12C) mutation in the codon 12 of K-RAS gene, in both tissues. Since, this mutation is highly prevalent in LA and virtually absent in PDTC/ATC the lung origin of the malignancy was assumed, and the patient was addressed to the correct therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Sensi
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Cappellani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Walter Baronti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ciampi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aleksandr Aghababyan
- Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi De Napoli
- Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Latrofa
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Campennì A, Giovanella L, Pignata SA, Vento A, Alibrandi A, Sturiale L, Laudicella R, Comis AD, Filice R, Giuffrida G, Stipo ME, Giovinazzo S, Trimarchi F, Ruggeri RM, Baldari S. Undetectable or low (<1 ng/ml) postsurgical thyroglobulin values do not rule out metastases in early stage differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17491-17500. [PMID: 29707123 PMCID: PMC5915131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) work-up is based on (near)total-thyroidectomy plus thyroid remnant ablation (TRA) with 131-radioiodine in many patients, and long-life follow-up. 131I-post therapy whole body scan (pT-WBS) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) are used in identifying metastatic patients. Some authors have evaluated the possibility of using post-surgical Tg (ps-Tg) values in deciding for or against TRA. The aim of our study was to verify the diagnostic accuracy of 131I-pT-WBS and SPECT/CT imaging (post-therapeutic imaging) compared to serum Tg levels in detecting metastases in early stage of DTC patients. Results Post-therapeutic imaging revealed metastases in 82 out of 570 (14.4%) patients. Metastases were successively confirmed by other diagnostic tools or by histology (sensitivity and PPV = 100%). Seventy-three out of 82 patients (90.2%) showed ps-Tg levels ≤1 ng/ml. In fifty-four per cent of patients, serum Tg levels at TRA remained ≤1 ng/ml. Conclusion In conclusion, ps-Tg levels cannot be used in deciding for or against TRA. In early stage of DTC, post-therapeutic imaging (131I-pT-WBS and SPECT/CT) is an accurate method of detecting metastases, also in patients with stimulated serum Tg values ≤1 ng/ml Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 570 consecutive patients affected by pT1-pT3 DTC (F = 450, M = 120), referred to our Nuclear Medicine Units in the last five years to perform TRA after (near)-total-thyroidectomy.All patients underwent TRA 3-4 months after thyroid surgery either in euthyroid or in hypothyroid state. Serum Tg values evaluated in post-surgical period and at TRA were matched with post-therapeutic imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Campennì
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Antonio Pignata
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Vento
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Letterio Sturiale
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Danilo Comis
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Filice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Stipo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovinazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Expression of CK19 is an independent predictor of negative outcome for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76151-76158. [PMID: 27764819 PMCID: PMC5342803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the prognostic role of CK19 expression in squamous cell carcinomas within a well-defined cohort of oral tongue cancer patients. Methods In our retrospective study, we investigated 129 patients with tongue cancer that had suitable material for inclusion in a tissue microarray (TMA). Where possible, samples were taken from central and peripheral regions of the tumor to generate a representative sample of the tumor. The expression level of CK19 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Expression of CK19 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was identified as a negative predictor for overall survival (OS; p<0.000) and disease specific survival (DSS; p=0.001). No significant difference could be shown for disease free survival (DFS) between patients with positive and negative CK19 staining (p=.094). Conclusion This is the first description of the highly significant role of CK19 in a selective, organ specific head and neck cancer cohort. Our results are of special importance against the background that CK19 positive carcinomas revealed a significantly poorer prognosis and therefore emphasize its prognostic and possible diagnostic role in tongue cancer.
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10
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Comnea-Stancu IR, Yanık H, Göksel M, Alexandru A, Durmuş M. Phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye: synthesis, characterization, and utilization for pattern recognition of CYFRA 21-1 in whole blood samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6195-6203. [PMID: 28852796 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye (BODIPY = boron dipyrromethene) was synthesized, fully characterized, and used for molecular recognition of CYFRA 21-1, a lung cancer biomarker, from whole blood samples. Thin films of three magnesium oxides ((MgO) n , where n = 8, 9, or 10)) were deposited on a paper substrate, and they were immersed in a solution of phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye (1.17 × 10-3 mol/L) for the design of stochastic sensors. Limits of determination of picograms per milliliter magnitude order were recorded for the proposed stochastic sensors. CYFRA 21-1 was reliably identified and determined with recoveries higher than 95% and RSD lower than 1% in whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021, Bucharest, Romania. .,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ionela Raluca Comnea-Stancu
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Hülya Yanık
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, PO Box 141, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Göksel
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, PO Box 141, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Kosekoy Vocational School, Kocaeli University, PO Box 141, 41135, Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Anghel Alexandru
- Low Temperature Plasma Laboratory, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (NILPRP), 409 Atomistilor St., 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Kosekoy Vocational School, Kocaeli University, PO Box 141, 41135, Kartepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
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11
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Giovanella L, Imperiali M, Trimboli P. Role of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21.1) as a prognostic biomarker in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7359. [PMID: 28779086 PMCID: PMC5544692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) account for up to 85% of thyroid cancers and generally display an excellent prognosis. However, in a minority of cases, DTC progress toward less differentiated phenotypes leading to distant metastases and even disease-related deaths. Circulating biomarkers are warranted to complement the gold standard DTC marker thyroglobulin (Tg) in identifying and monitoring such cases. We measured serum Tg and Cyfra 21.1 6 to 12 months after primary treatment in 473 DTC patients. A complete response of Tg was related to an excellent outcome in all cases. Among patients with incomplete Tg response Cyfra 21.1 levels <2.07 ng/mL were associated to favorable outcome while higher levels greatly increased the risk of disease related recurrences and deaths. Both markers retained independent prognostic values in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Cyfra 21.1 is a tool available to independently predict survival of DTC patients not achieving excellent response after primary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giovanella
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - M Imperiali
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - P Trimboli
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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12
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Dinets A, Pernemalm M, Kjellin H, Sviatoha V, Sofiadis A, Juhlin CC, Zedenius J, Larsson C, Lehtiö J, Höög A. Differential protein expression profiles of cyst fluid from papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid lesions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126472. [PMID: 25978681 PMCID: PMC4433121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC) is a subgroup of PTC presenting a diagnostic challenge at fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). To further investigate this entity we aimed to characterize protein profiles of cyst fluids from cPTC and benign thyroid cystic lesions. In total, 20 cPTCs and 56 benign thyroid cystic lesions were studied. Profiling by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on cyst fluids from a subset of cases after depletion, and selected proteins were further analyzed by Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,581 proteins were detected in cyst fluids, of which 841 were quantified in all samples using LC-MS/MS. Proteins with different expression levels between cPTCs and benign lesions were identified by univariate analysis (41 proteins) and multivariate analysis (59 proteins in an orthogonal partial least squares model). WB analyses of cyst fluid and IHC on corresponding tissue samples confirmed a significant up-regulation of cytokeratin 19 (CK-19/CYFRA 21-1) and S100A13 in cPTC vs. benign lesions. These findings were further confirmed by ELISA in an extended material of non-depleted cyst fluids from cPTCs (n = 17) and benign lesions (n = 55) (p<0.05). Applying a cut-off at >55 ng/ml for CK-19 resulted in 82% specificity and sensitivity. For S100A13 a cut-off at >230 pg/ml revealed a 94% sensitivity, but only 35% specificity. This is the first comprehensive catalogue of the protein content in fluid from thyroid cysts. The up-regulations of CK-19 and S100A13 suggest their possible use in FNAB based preoperative diagnostics of cystic thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AD); (CL)
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Kjellin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vitalijs Sviatoha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AD); (CL)
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wu HH, Wang PH, Yeh JY, Chen YJ, Yen MS, Huang RL, Tsai YJ, Yuan CC. Serum cytokeratin-19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) is a prognostic indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 53:30-4. [PMID: 24767643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokeratin 19 is significant for indicating cancer cells, and Cyfra 21-1 is a fragment of cytokeratin 19. This retrospective study was designed to define the prognostic value of serum Cyfra 21-1 in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum Cyfra 21-1 concentration was obtained from 42 patients with EOC prior to treatment. Various prognostic aspects were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses. The standard serum marker cancer antigen 125 was measured simultaneously and compared in this analysis. RESULTS Serum levels of both Cyfra 21-1 and cancer antigen 125 were associated with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and platinum resistance; higher levels of Cyfra 21-1 (3.0 ng/mL as the cut-off) were associated with shorter disease-free survival (16 months vs. 28 months, p = 0.001) and overall survival (29 months vs. 41 months, p = 0.007) than lower levels. Further univariable analysis showed that Cyfra 21-1, poor differentiation, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were related to platinum resistance and mortality. Multivariable analysis indicated retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and serum Cyfra 21-1 were independent risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION The pretreatment level of serum Cyfra 21-1 had remarkable prognostic significance for EOC, indicating poor survival when it was elevated above 3.0 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Hsi Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Immunology Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yih Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyen Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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14
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Campennì A, Giovanella L, Siracusa M, Stipo ME, Alibrandi A, Cucinotta M, Ruggeri RM, Baldari S. Is malignant nodule topography an additional risk factor for metastatic disease in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer? Thyroid 2014; 24:1607-11. [PMID: 25089829 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. In recent decades, the incidence has been increasing, largely due to increased detection of patients with low-risk or very low-risk DTC. According to European Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association guidelines, radioiodine (RAI) thyroid remnant ablation is not indicated in very low-risk patients, while its role is still debated in low-risk patients. Accordingly, risk stratification of DTC patients is pivotal when deciding for or against RAI ablation. Presently, risk stratification is based on pTNM staging integrated with clinical parameters. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between location of malignant thyroid nodules within the thyroid gland and the presence of loco-regional and/or distant metastases in patients with pT1a-pT1b DTCs. METHODS We reviewed the records of 246 patients (214 women, 32 men; female-to-male ratio 6.7:1) affected by unifocal DTC ≤ 2 cm, who had undergone RAI thyroid remnant ablation (activity ranged 555-4588 MBq) after levothyroxine withdrawal or after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) stimulation. The majority of the patients (91.5%) were affected by papillary thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS Metastases were discovered by posttreatment whole-body scintigraphy in 29 out of 246 (11.8%) patients. In patients with metastases, malignant thyroid nodules were located in the right lobe (14/123, 11.4%), left lobe (7/95, 7.4%), and isthmus (8/27, 29.6%). The prevalence of metastases was significantly higher in patients with DTC located in the isthmus, compared to other sites (χ(2) = 9.6, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our data show for the first time that a location of a thyroid cancer in the isthmus is an additional risk factor for RAI avid metastatic disease in pT1a-pT1b DTC patients, regardless of the presence or absence of other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Campennì
- 1 Department of Biomedical Science and of Morphological and Functional Images, Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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15
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Zawadzka AM, Schilling B, Cusack MP, Sahu AK, Drake P, Fisher SJ, Benz CC, Gibson BW. Phosphoprotein secretome of tumor cells as a source of candidates for breast cancer biomarkers in plasma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1034-49. [PMID: 24505115 PMCID: PMC3977182 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.035485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease whose molecular diversity is not well reflected in clinical and pathological markers used for prognosis and treatment selection. As tumor cells secrete proteins into the extracellular environment, some of these proteins reach circulation and could become suitable biomarkers for improving diagnosis or monitoring response to treatment. As many signaling pathways and interaction networks are altered in cancerous tissues by protein phosphorylation, changes in the secretory phosphoproteome of cancer tissues could reflect both disease progression and subtype. To test this hypothesis, we compared the phosphopeptide-enriched fractions obtained from proteins secreted into conditioned media (CM) derived from five luminal and five basal type breast cancer cell lines using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. Altogether over 5000 phosphosites derived from 1756 phosphoproteins were identified, several of which have the potential to qualify as phosphopeptide plasma biomarker candidates for the more aggressive basal and also the luminal-type breast cancers. The analysis of phosphopeptides from breast cancer patient plasma and controls allowed us to construct a discovery list of phosphosites under rigorous collection conditions, and second to qualify discovery candidates generated from the CM studies. Indeed, a set of basal-specific phosphorylation CM site candidates derived from IBP3, CD44, OPN, FSTL3, LAMB1, and STC2, and luminal-specific candidates derived from CYTC and IBP5 were selected and, based on their presence in plasma, quantified across all cell line CM samples using Skyline MS1 intensity data. Together, this approach allowed us to assemble a set of novel cancer subtype specific phosphopeptide candidates for subsequent biomarker verification and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Zawadzka
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, California 94945
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