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Patel A, Caruana EJ, Hodson J, Morrison R, Khor B, Gysling S, Trevis J, Mangel T, Benson R, Zakeri R, Manders J, Vaja R, Rogers L, Baker P, Pournaras DJ, Thickett D, Hewison M, Naidu B, Lim E. Role of vitamin D supplementation in modifying outcomes after surgery: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e073431. [PMID: 38233048 PMCID: PMC10806719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence to suggest vitamin D plays a role in immune and vascular function; hence, it may be of biological and clinical relevance for patients undergoing major surgery. With a greater number of randomised studies being conducted evaluating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on surgical patients, it is an opportune time to conduct further analysis of the impact of vitamin D on surgical outcomes. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Trials Register were interrogated up to December 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in surgery. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted for all studies. The primary outcome assessed was overall postoperative survival. RESULTS We screened 4883 unique studies, assessed 236 full-text articles and included 14 articles in the qualitative synthesis, comprising 1982 patients. The included studies were highly heterogeneous with respect to patient conditions, ranging from open heart surgery to cancer operations to orthopaedic conditions, and also with respect to the timing and equivalent daily dose of vitamin D supplementation (range: 0.5-7500 mcg; 20-300 000 IU). No studies reported significant differences in overall survival or postoperative mortality with vitamin D supplementation. There was also no clear evidence of benefit with respect to overall or intensive care unit length of stay. DISCUSSION Numerous studies have reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in different surgical settings without any consistency. However, this systematic review found no clear evidence of benefit, which warrants the supposition that a single biological effect of vitamin D supplementation does not exist. The observed improvement in outcomes in low vitamin D groups has not been convincingly proven beyond chance findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021232067.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edward J Caruana
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - James Hodson
- Research Development and Innovation, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rory Morrison
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bo Khor
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Savannah Gysling
- Department of Academic Colorectal Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jason Trevis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, UK
| | - Tobin Mangel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Bart's Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - Ruth Benson
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roxanna Zakeri
- Department of Upper GI, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, UK
| | - Jennifer Manders
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ricky Vaja
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Rogers
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Baker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Teeside, Middlesborough, UK
| | - Dimitri J Pournaras
- Department of Upper GI, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, UK
| | - David Thickett
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Babu Naidu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eric Lim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Pappachan JM, Lahart IM, Viswanath AK, Borumandi F, Sodi R, Metzendorf MI, Bongaerts B. Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 3:CD013035. [PMID: 36883976 PMCID: PMC9995748 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013035.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a disorder in which the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone, is most common in older adults and postmenopausal women. While most people with PHPT are asymptomatic at diagnosis, symptomatic disease can lead to hypercalcaemia, osteoporosis, renal stones, cardiovascular abnormalities and reduced quality of life. Surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue (parathyroidectomy) is the only established treatment for adults with symptomatic PHPT to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and to be cured of PHPT. However, the benefits and risks of parathyroidectomy compared to simple observation or medical therapy for asymptomatic and mild PHPT are not well established. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of parathyroidectomy in adults with PHPT compared to simple observation or medical therapy. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP from their date of inception until 26 November 2021. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing parathyroidectomy with simple observation or medical therapy for the treatment of adults with PHPT. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were 1. cure of PHPT, 2. morbidity related to PHPT and 3. serious adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were 1. all-cause mortality, 2. health-related quality of life and 3. hospitalisation for hypercalcaemia, acute renal impairment or pancreatitis. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We identified eight eligible RCTs that included 447 adults with (mostly asymptomatic) PHPT; 223 participants were randomised to parathyroidectomy. Follow-up duration varied from six months to 24 months. Of the 223 participants (37 men) randomised to surgery, 164 were included in the analyses, of whom 163 were cured at six to 24 months (overall cure rate 99%). Parathyroidectomy compared to observation probably results in a large increase in cure rate at six to 24 months follow-up: 163/164 participants (99.4%) in the parathyroidectomy group and 0/169 participants in the observation or medical therapy group were cured of their PHPT (8 studies, 333 participants; moderate certainty). No studies explicitly reported intervention effects on morbidities related to PHPT, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, kidney dysfunction, urolithiasis, cognitive dysfunction or cardiovascular disease, although some studies reported surrogate outcomes for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. A post-hoc analysis revealed that parathyroidectomy, compared to observation or medical therapy, may have little or no effect after one to two years on bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (mean difference (MD) 0.03 g/cm2,95% CI -0.05 to 0.12; 5 studies, 287 participants; very low certainty). Similarly, compared to observation, parathyroidectomy may have little or no effect on femoral neck BMD after one to two years (MD -0.01 g/cm2, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.11; 3 studies, 216 participants; very low certainty). However, the evidence is very uncertain for both BMD outcomes. Furthermore, the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of parathyroidectomy on improving left ventricular ejection fraction (MD -2.38%, 95% CI -4.77 to 0.01; 3 studies, 121 participants; very low certainty). Four studies reported serious adverse events. Three of these reported zero events in both the intervention and control groups; consequently, we were unable to include data from these three studies in the pooled analysis. The evidence suggests that parathyroidectomy compared to observation may have little or no effect on serious adverse events (RR 3.35, 95% CI 0.14 to 78.60; 4 studies, 168 participants; low certainty). Only two studies reported all-cause mortality. One study could not be included in the pooled analysis as zero events were observed in both the intervention and control groups. Parathyroidectomy compared to observation may have little or no effect on all-cause mortality, but the evidence is very uncertain (RR 2.11, 95% CI 0.20 to 22.60; 2 studies, 133 participants; very low certainty). Three studies measured health-related quality of life using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and reported inconsistent differences in scores for different domains of the questionnaire between parathyroidectomy and observation. Six studies reported hospitalisations for the correction of hypercalcaemia. Two studies reported zero events in both the intervention and control groups and could not be included in the pooled analysis. Parathyroidectomy, compared to observation, may have little or no effect on hospitalisation for hypercalcaemia (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.20 to 4.25; 6 studies, 287 participants; low certainty). There were no reported hospitalisations for renal impairment or pancreatitis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In accordance with the literature, our review findings suggest that parathyroidectomy, compared to simple observation or medical (etidronate) therapy, probably results in a large increase in cure rates of PHPT (with normalisation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels to laboratory reference values). Parathyroidectomy, compared with observation, may have little or no effect on serious adverse events or hospitalisation for hypercalcaemia, and the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of parathyroidectomy on other short-term outcomes, such as BMD, all-cause mortality and quality of life. The high uncertainty of evidence limits the applicability of our findings to clinical practice; indeed, this systematic review provides no new insights with regard to treatment decisions for people with (asymptomatic) PHPT. In addition, the methodological limitations of the included studies, and the characteristics of the study populations (mainly comprising white women with asymptomatic PHPT), warrant caution when extrapolating the results to other populations with PHPT. Large-scale multi-national, multi-ethnic and long-term RCTs are needed to explore the potential short- and long-term benefits of parathyroidectomy compared to non-surgical treatment options with regard to osteoporosis or osteopenia, urolithiasis, hospitalisation for acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, UK
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian M Lahart
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK
| | | | - Farzad Borumandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, St. Richard's Hospital, Chichester and Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK
| | - Ravinder Sodi
- Biochemistry, Pathology Department, Broomfield Hospital, Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brenda Bongaerts
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Cipriani C, Cianferotti L. Quality of Life in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:837-852. [PMID: 36244696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is impaired in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), regardless of the severity of the disease. Clinical studies have employed different instruments, including standardized and disease-specific questionnaires, and including patients with different phenotypes of PHPT. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and decline in cognitive status are common in PHPT. Patients may complain of these issues or they can be ascertained by questionnaires; they include depression, anxiety, impaired vitality, social and emotional functions, sleep disturbances, and altered mental function. Randomized controlled trials on the effects of surgical versus non-surgical treatments have collectively shown improvement in quality of life after parathyroidectomy, but results have been heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cipriani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence 50134, Italy
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Livschitz J, Yen TWF, Evans DB, Wang TS, Dream S. Long-term Quality of Life After Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Systematic Review. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:2796289. [PMID: 36103163 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Definitive treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) with curative parathyroidectomy has been shown to improve nonspecific neurocognitive symptoms and may improve long-term quality of life (QOL). However, QOL is not currently routinely assessed preoperatively, and as a result, diminished QOL may be overlooked as an indication for surgery. Objective To examine results for measures of long-term QOL after parathyroidectomy in patients with pHPT. Evidence Review A systematic, English-language literature review was performed to assess the long-term association of parathyroidectomy, defined as a minimum of 1-year postoperative follow-up, with QOL in patients with pHPT. We conducted a search of PubMed and Scopus using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms for hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, parathyroidectomy, hypercalcemia, and quality of life. All relevant literature published between June 1998 and February 15, 2021, was included. Study selection was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) strategy. Findings Thirty-one studies conducted in 14 countries with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up were included, comprising 3298 patients with pHPT (2975 underwent parathyroidectomy; 323 were observed), 5445 age- and sex-matched control participants, and 386 control patients with benign thyroid disease. To assess QOL, 21 studies (68%) used a general tool, the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and 8 (26%) used the disease-specific tool Parathyroidectomy Assessment of Symptoms (PAS). The remaining studies used a combination of 10 additional QOL tools. The median follow-up period was 1 year (range, 1-10 years). Of the 31 studies, 27 (87%) demonstrated significant score improvement in long-term QOL after parathyroidectomy, including 1 study that showed continued improvement in QOL 10 years after parathyroidectomy. The remaining 4 studies (13%) reported mixed results. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review suggests that parathyroidectomy is associated with improved and sustained QOL in patients with pHPT. Patients with pHPT should be screened with a validated QOL tool such as the SF-36 or PAS at the time of diagnosis to guide discussion of these symptoms in the preoperative setting and the potential for long-term improvement after curative parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina W F Yen
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Tracy S Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Sophie Dream
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Runova GE, Golounina OO, Glinkina IV, Fadeev VV. Primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:1221-1226. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.10.201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disease after diabetes mellitus and thyroid pathology. Recent epidemiological and experimental data have shown that long-term maintenance of low vitamin D levels in the blood can lead to the development of hyperplastic processes in the cells of the parathyroid glands, followed by autonomous production of parathyroid hormone. In PHPT vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency according to various sources occurs with a frequency of 5377% of cases. The literature review indicates more severe disease in patients with concomitant vitamin D deficiency. The expediency of preoperative assessment of vitamin D levels in all patients with PHPT in order to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy is discussed. This article presents the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and PHPT, as well as possible methods for correcting vitamin D deficiency in PHPT. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the occurrence of pathological processes in the parathyroid glands under conditions of low vitamin D levels are presented.
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谢 玲, 王 娜, 张 金, 王 昕, 陈 晓, 张 波, 卜 石. [Normocalcemic with elevated post-operative parathormone in primary hyperpara-thyroidism: 9 case reports and literature review]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53:573-579. [PMID: 34145863 PMCID: PMC8220044 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of primary hyperpara-thyroidism (PHPT) with normocalcemic parathormone elevation (NPE) after surgical treatment, so as to improve the therapeutic ability and standardized post-operative follow-up of PHPT patients. METHODS Nine patients who were diagnosed with PHPT in the Department of Endocrinology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2017 to November 2019 were selected as the subjects. They all developed NPE within 6 months after surgical treatment. The clinical features and outcomes were collected and analyzed retrospectively, in addition, the related literature was reviewed. RESULTS Clinical features: among the 9 patients, 6 were middle-aged and elderly females and 3 were male. The main clinical manifestations were bone pain, kidney stones, nausea and fatigue except for one case of asymptomatic PHPT. Pre-operative examination showed high serum calcium [(3.33±0.48) mmol/L], low serum phosphorus [0.76 (0.74, 0.78) mmol/L], high 24-hour urinary calcium [8.1(7.8, 12.0) mmol/24 h], obviously elevated intact PTH [(546.1±257.7) ng/L], vitamin D deficiency [25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (21.0±5.7) nmol/L]. Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase [7 patients 41.3(38.6, 68.4) μg/L, 2 patients >90 μg/L] and N-terminal midcourse osteocalcin (>71.4 μg/L) were significantly elevated. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased in 2 patients. Imaging examination: 7 patients had osteoporosis. Renal calculi were found in 3 patients by renal ultrasound. Imaging examination of parathyroid glands found definite lesions in all the patients, including 2 cases of multiple lesions and 7 cases of single lesions. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME two patients underwent parathyroidectomy, while other patients were treated with microwave thermal ablation. PTH increased 1 month after therapy [(255.0±101.4) ng/L], and no recurrent lesions were found by parathyroid ultrasound. After combined treatment with cal-cium and vitamin D for six months, PTH decreased significantly and the level of serum calcium remained normal at anytime during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The occurrence of postoperative NPE may be related to the higher pre-operative PTH, vitamin D deficiency and lower creatinine clearance. However, NPE may not predict recurrent hyperthyroidism or incomplete parathyroidectomy. Adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation after surgery seems to be beneficial for patients with NPE. Post-operative follow-up of PHPT patients should be standardized to prevent and treat post-operative NPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- 玲玎 谢
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 娜 王
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 金苹 张
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 昕 王
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 晓平 陈
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 波 张
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - 石 卜
- />中日友好医院内分泌科,北京 100029Department of Endocrinology, China-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Hassan-Smith ZK, Criseno S, Gittoes NJL. Mild primary hyperparathyroidism-to treat or not to treat? Br Med Bull 2019; 129:53-67. [PMID: 30576424 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has shifted from a disease characterized by renal and skeletal complications to a mild or asymptomatic condition. Modern imaging allows localization of a surgical target in the majority of cases. SOURCES OF DATA Data were collected from literature searches of online databases including PUBMED, MEDLINE and Cochrane. A narrative review was performed. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Parathyroidectomy is the only therapy with curative potential with good outcomes and low risk of complications in experienced hands. Current guidelines advocate that surgery is offered in all symptomatic cases and in those who meet criteria depending on age, serum calcium concentration, skeletal and renal parameters. A structured monitoring approach should be offered to those who do not undergo surgery. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Thresholds for intervention to improve skeletal and renal outcomes are debatable. In addition, controversy persists over the benefit of surgery for non-skeletal/renal outcomes. GROWING POINTS The role of medical management of PHPT using agents such as bisphosphonates, denosumab and cinacalcet are discussed. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH In summary, further data on the natural history and effects of treatment of mild and asymptomatic PHPT are required to determine thresholds for surgery. In particular, further investigations of non-skeletal and non-renal parameters, such as neurocognitive quality of life and cardiovascular disease are required. Data on normocalcaemic PHPT are lacking. Large-scale randomized controlled trials would be welcome in these areas, however in view of the cost implications a more pragmatic approach may be to develop collaborative multi-centre registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki K Hassan-Smith
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sherwin Criseno
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil J L Gittoes
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Pappachan JM, Sodi R, Viswanath AK, Lahart IM. Parathyroidectomy for adults with primary hyperparathyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 2018:CD013035. [PMCID: PMC6494479 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of parathyroidectomy for adults with PHPT. We will also compare the effects of different types of parathyroidectomy on people with PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Pappachan
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation TrustEndocrinologyAshton RoadLancasterUKLA1 4RP
| | - Ravinder Sodi
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation TrustClinical SciencesAshton RoadLancasterUKLA1 4RP
| | - Ananth K Viswanath
- New Cross HospitalEndocrinologyWolverhampton RoadWolverhamptonUKWV10 0QP
| | - Ian M Lahart
- University of WolverhamptonFaculty of Education, Health and WellbeingGorway RoadWalsallUKWS1 3BD
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Bilezikian JP, Bandeira L, Khan A, Cusano NE. Hyperparathyroidism. Lancet 2018; 391:168-178. [PMID: 28923463 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder of calcium metabolism characterised by hypercalcaemia and elevated or inappropriately normal concentrations of parathyroid hormone. Almost always, primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a benign overgrowth of parathyroid tissue either as a single gland (80% of cases) or as a multiple gland disorder (15-20% of cases). Primary hyperparathyroidism is generally discovered when asymptomatic but the disease always has the potential to become symptomatic, resulting in bone loss and kidney stones. In countries where biochemical screening tests are not common, symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism tends to predominate. Another variant of primary hyperparathyroidism has been described in which the serum calcium concentration is within normal range but parathyroid hormone is elevated in the absence of any obvious cause. Primary hyperparathyroidism can be cured by removal of the parathyroid gland or glands but identification of patients who are best advised to have surgery requires consideration of the guidelines that are regularly updated. Recommendations for patients who do not undergo parathyroid surgery include monitoring of serum calcium concentrations and bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bilezikian
- Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Leonardo Bandeira
- Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Brazilian Ministry of Health, University of Pernambuco, Medical School, Recife, Brazil
| | - Aliya Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie E Cusano
- Division of Endocrinology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Malihi Z, Wu Z, MM Lawes C, Scragg R. Noncalcemic adverse effects and withdrawals in randomized controlled trials of long-term vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:1007-1034. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common disorder in which parathyroid hormone (PTH) is excessively secreted from one or more of the four parathyroid glands. A single benign parathyroid adenoma is the cause in most people. However, multiglandular disease is not rare and is typically seen in familial PHPT syndromes. The genetics of PHPT is usually monoclonal when a single gland is involved and polyclonal when multiglandular disease is present. The genes that have been implicated in PHPT include proto-oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes. Hypercalcaemia is the biochemical hallmark of PHPT. Usually, the concentration of PTH is frankly increased but can remain within the normal range, which is abnormal in the setting of hypercalcaemia. Normocalcaemic PHPT, a variant in which the serum calcium level is persistently normal but PTH levels are increased in the absence of an obvious inciting stimulus, is now recognized. The clinical presentation of PHPT varies from asymptomatic disease (seen in countries where biochemical screening is routine) to classic symptomatic disease in which renal and/or skeletal complications are observed. Management guidelines have recently been revised to help the clinician to decide on the merits of a parathyroidectomy or a non-surgical course. This Primer covers these areas with particular attention to the epidemiology, clinical presentations, genetics, evaluation and guidelines for the management of PHPT.
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Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Updates Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Patil R, Karinkanta S, Tokola K, Kannus P, Sievänen H, Uusi-Rasi K. Effects of Vitamin D and Exercise on the Wellbeing of Older Community-Dwelling Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gerontology 2015; 62:401-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000442441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence for the effects of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on quality of life (QoL), fear of falling (FoF) and mental wellbeing in older adults is conflicting. Objective: To study the effects of vitamin D supplementation and multimodal group exercise on psychosocial functions of wellbeing, including QoL, mental wellbeing and FoF. Method: This is a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled vitamin D and open exercise intervention trial with 409 older Finnish women (70-80 years of age) randomized to 4 treatment arms: (1) placebo without exercise, (2) vitamin D (800 IU/day) without exercise, (3) placebo and exercise, and (4) vitamin D (800 IU/day) with exercise. Exercisers participated in group exercise twice per week for 12 months and once per week for the subsequent 12 months, plus home exercises. Results: When comparing with the placebo without exercise group, there were no statistically significant differences between groups receiving either vitamin D, exercise or both treatments for changes in QoL or mental wellbeing (although a slight decline was seen in mental wellbeing in those receiving vitamin D only, p = 0.044). The initial slight reduction in FoF was significant in all intervention groups compared with controls (p < 0.05), but this was only temporary. Conclusion: Neither vitamin D nor exercise contributes to better QoL, FoF or mental wellbeing in community-dwelling healthy older women with sufficient vitamin D levels.
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Ryhänen EM, Heiskanen I, Sintonen H, Välimäki MJ, Roine RP, Schalin-Jäntti C. Health-related quality of life is impaired in primary hyperparathyroidism and significantly improves after surgery: a prospective study using the 15D instrument. Endocr Connect 2015; 4:179-86. [PMID: 26155796 PMCID: PMC4531296 DOI: 10.1530/ec-15-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is frequently impaired in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) but it is unclear if surgery is beneficial. The objective was to prospectively assess HRQoL in PHPT (n=124) with the 15D instrument before and after surgery, to compare it with that of a comparable sample of the general population (n=4295), and search for predictors of HRQoL and its change. HRQoL, and clinical and laboratory parameters were measured before and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Regression techniques were used to search for predictors of HRQoL and gains from treatment. Before surgery, PHPT patients had significantly lower mean 15D score compared to controls (0.813 vs 0.904, P<0.001). Excretion, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, distress, depression, vitality, and sexual activity were most impaired (all P<0.001). Number of medications (P=0.001) and subjective symptoms (P<0.05) but not calcium or parathyroid hormone (PTH) predicted impaired HRQoL. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was of borderline significance (P=0.051). Compared to baseline, mean 15D score improved significantly 6 months after surgery (0.813 vs 0.865, P<0.001) and the effect sustained at 1 year (0.878, P<0.001). The improvement was clinically important in 77.4% of patients (P<0.001). Educational level independently predicted improvement (P<0.005). HRQoL is severely impaired in PHPT but improves significantly after surgery. The 15D is a sensitive tool for assessing HRQoL and recognizing patients likely to benefit from surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva M Ryhänen
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Harri Sintonen
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Matti J Välimäki
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Risto P Roine
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- EndocrinologyAbdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Post Box 340, FI-00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGroup AdministrationResearch and Development, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki, FinlandUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
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