1
|
Gedvilaite-Vaicechauskiene G, Kriauciuniene L, Tamasauskas A, Rovite V, Mandrika I, Wu SN, Huang CW, Poskiene L, Liutkeviciene R. Pituitary Adenoma: SSTR2 rs2236750, SSTR5 rs34037914, and AIP rs267606574 Genetic Variants, Serum Levels, and Ki-67 Labeling Index Associations. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1252. [PMID: 39202532 PMCID: PMC11356775 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study explores the complex pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (PAs), prevalent intracranial tumors in the pituitary gland. Despite their generally benign nature, PAs exhibit a diverse clinical spectrum involving hormone hypersecretion and varying invasiveness, hinting at multifaceted molecular mechanisms and abnormalities in tumorigenesis and gene regulation. Materials and Methods: The investigation focuses on the Ki-67 labeling index, SSTR2 rs2236750, SSTR5 rs34037914, and AIP rs267606574 polymorphisms, alongside serum levels of SSTR2, SSTR5, and AIP, to discern their association with PAs. The Ki-67 labeling index was assessed using immunohistochemical analysis with the monoclonal antibody clone SP6, representing the percentage of tumor cells showing positive staining. Genotyping was performed via real-time polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels were analyzed using ELISA. The study included 128 PA patients and 272 reference group subjects. Results: The results derived from binary logistic regression analysis revealed an intriguing correlation between the SSTR2 rs2236750 AG genotype and approximately a 1.6-fold increased likelihood of PA occurrence. When analyzing SSTR5 rs34037914, statistically significant differences were found between Micro-PA and the reference group (p = 0.022). Additionally, the SSTR5 rs34037914 TT genotype, compared with CC + CT, under the most robust genetic model (selected based on the lowest AIC value), was associated with a 12-fold increased odds of Micro-PA occurrence. However, it is noteworthy that after applying Bonferroni correction, these findings did not retain statistical significance. Conclusions: Consequently, while this study hinted at a potential link between SSTR2 rs2236750 and pituitary adenoma development, as well as a potential link between SSTR5 rs34037914 and Micro-PA development, it underscored the need for further analysis involving a larger cohort to robustly validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamasauskas
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC), LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BMC), LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li N, Desiderio DM, Zhan X. The use of mass spectrometry in a proteome-centered multiomics study of human pituitary adenomas. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:964-1013. [PMID: 34109661 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm, and is a complex, chronic, and whole-body disease with multicausing factors, multiprocesses, and multiconsequences. It is very difficult to clarify molecular mechanism and treat PAs from the single-factor strategy model. The rapid development of multiomics and systems biology changed the paradigms from a traditional single-factor strategy to a multiparameter systematic strategy for effective management of PAs. A series of molecular alterations at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, peptidome, metabolome, and radiome levels are involved in pituitary tumorigenesis, and mutually associate into a complex molecular network system. Also, the center of multiomics is moving from structural genomics to phenomics, including proteomics and metabolomics in the medical sciences. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been extensively used in phenomics studies of human PAs to clarify molecular mechanisms, and to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs. MS-based proteomics and proteoform studies play central roles in the multiomics strategy of PAs. This article reviews the status of multiomics, multiomics-based molecular pathway networks, molecular pathway network-based pattern biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs, and future perspectives for personalized, predeictive, and preventive (3P) medicine in PAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dominic M Desiderio
- The Charles B. Stout Neuroscience Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Large Scale Molecular Studies of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Novel Markers, Mechanisms and Translational Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061395. [PMID: 33808624 PMCID: PMC8003417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are non-cancerous tumors of the pituitary gland, that may overproduce hormones leading to serious health conditions or due to tumor size cause chronic headache, vertigo or visual impairment. In recent years pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are studied with the latest molecular biology methods that simultaneously investigate a large number of factors to understand the mechanisms of how these tumors develop and how they could be diagnosed or treated. In this review article, we have studied literature reports, compiled information and described molecular factors that could affect the development and clinical characteristics of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, discovered factors that overlap between several studies using large scale molecular analysis and interpreted the potential involvement of these factors in pituitary tumor development. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource for understanding the biology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Abstract Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are non-metastatic neoplasms of the pituitary, which overproduce hormones leading to systemic disorders, or tumor mass effects causing headaches, vertigo or visual impairment. Recently, PitNETs have been investigated in large scale (exome and genome) molecular analyses (transcriptome microarrays and sequencing), to uncover novel markers. We performed a literature analysis on these studies to summarize the research data and extrapolate overlapping gene candidates, biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms. We observed a tendency in samples with driver mutations (GNAS, USP8) to have a smaller overall mutational rate, suggesting driver-promoted tumorigenesis, potentially changing transcriptome profiles in tumors. However, direct links from drivers to signaling pathways altered in PitNETs (Notch, Wnt, TGF-β, and cell cycle regulators) require further investigation. Modern technologies have also identified circulating nucleic acids, and pinpointed these as novel PitNET markers, i.e., miR-143-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-145-5p, and let-7g-5p, therefore these molecules must be investigated in the future translational studies. Overall, large-scale molecular studies have provided key insight into the molecular mechanisms behind PitNET pathogenesis, highlighting previously reported molecular markers, bringing new candidates into the research field, and reapplying traditional perspectives to newly discovered molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
4
|
Peculis R, Balcere I, Radovica-Spalvina I, Konrade I, Caune O, Megnis K, Rovite V, Stukens J, Nazarovs J, Breiksa A, Kiecis A, Silamikelis I, Pirags V, Klovins J. Case report: recurrent pituitary adenoma has increased load of somatic variants. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 31996211 PMCID: PMC6988340 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenomas (PA) have an increased potential for relapse in one to 5 years after resection. In this study, we investigated the genetic differences in genomic DNA of primary and rapidly recurrent tumours in the same patient to explain the causality mechanisms of PA recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 69-year-old female with non-functional pituitary macroadenoma with extension into the left cavernous sinus (Knosp grade 2) who underwent craniotomy and partial resection in August 2010. Two years later, the patient had prolonged tumour growth with an essential suprasellar extension (Knosp grade 2), and a second craniotomy with partial tumour resection was performed in September 2012. In both tumours, the KI-67 level was below 1.5%. Exome sequencing via semiconductor sequencing of patient germline DNA and somatic DNA from both tumours was performed. Tmap alignment and Platypus variant calling were performed followed by variant filtering and manual review with IGV software. We observed an increased load of missense variants in the recurrent PA tumour when compared to the original tumour. The number of detected variants increased from ten to 26 and potential clonal expansion of four variants was observed. Additionally, targeted SNP analysis revealed five rare missense SNPs with a potential impact on the function of the encoded proteins. CONCLUSIONS In this case study, an SNP located in HRAS is the most likely candidate inducing rapid PA progression. The relapsed PA tumour had a higher variation load and fast tumour recurrence in this patient could be caused by clonal expansion of the leftover tumour tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
| | - Inga Balcere
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1038 Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Ilze Radovica-Spalvina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1038 Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Olivija Caune
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1038 Latvia
| | - Kaspars Megnis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
- University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586 Latvia
| | - Janis Stukens
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu str. 13, Riga, LV-1002 Latvia
| | - Jurijs Nazarovs
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu str. 13, Riga, LV-1002 Latvia
| | - Austra Breiksa
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu str. 13, Riga, LV-1002 Latvia
| | - Aigars Kiecis
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1038 Latvia
| | - Ivars Silamikelis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
| | - Valdis Pirags
- University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586 Latvia
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu str. 13, Riga, LV-1002 Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites str. 1-k1, Riga, LV-1067 Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah SS, Aghi MK. The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pituitary Adenomas Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121977. [PMID: 31818039 PMCID: PMC6966657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are among the most common intracranial neoplasms, but despite their histologically benign nature, these tumors sometimes grow large enough to cause symptoms of mass effect such as vision loss, headaches, or hypopituitarism. When they get this large, surgery will unfortunately not be curative and, other than prolactinomas, medical options are limited, and radiation has variable efficacy in controlling growth. Understanding the genetic perturbations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that promote the formation or growth of functional and nonfunctional PAs is important because such genetic insights could improve the diagnosis and subsequent classification of PAs as well as unlock potential therapeutic targets outside contemporary standard of care. While there have been great strides in the research of SNPs as drivers of PA formation and maintenance, a comprehensive discussion of these genetic mutations has not been undertaken. In the present article, and with the goal of providing scientists and clinicians a central review, we sought to summarize the current literature on SNPs and their relationship to PA formation. Across multiple tumor types, such as nonfunctioning PAs, prolactinomas, corticotroph adenomas, somatotroph adenomas, thyrotropic adenomas, and gonadotroph adenomas, SNPs in cell surface receptors implicated in proliferation can be appreciated. Polymorphisms found in tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulators have also been identified, such as p53 SNPs in nonfunctioning PAs or cyclin D1 in prolactinomas. While the translational relevance of SNPs in the formation of PAs is still in the early stages, the use of wide-scale genomic analysis to identify patients at risk for developing PAs could yield therapeutic benefit in the future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Carvalho RA, Urtremari B, Jorge AAL, Santana LS, Quedas EPS, Sekiya T, Longuini VC, Montenegro FLM, Lerario AM, Toledo SPA, Marx SJ, Toledo RA, Lourenço DM. Germline mutation landscape of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 using full gene next-generation sequencing. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:391-407. [PMID: 30324798 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Loss-of-function germline MEN1 gene mutations account for 75-95% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). It has been postulated that mutations in non-coding regions of MEN1 might occur in some of the remaining patients; however, this hypothesis has not yet been fully investigated. Objective To sequence for the entire MEN1 including promoter, exons and introns in a large MEN1 cohort and determine the mutation profile. Methods and patients A target next-generation sequencing (tNGS) assay comprising 7.2 kb of the full MEN1 was developed to investigate germline mutations in 76 unrelated MEN1 probands (49 familial, 27 sporadic). tNGS results were validated by Sanger sequencing (SS), and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay was applied when no mutations were identifiable by both tNGS and SS. Results Germline MEN1 variants were verified in coding region and splicing sites of 57/76 patients (74%) by both tNGS and SS (100% reproducibility). Thirty-eight different pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified, including 13 new and six recurrent variants. Three large deletions were detected by MLPA only. No mutation was detected in 16 patients. In untranslated, regulatory or in deep intronic MEN1 regions of the 76 MEN1 cases, no point or short indel pathogenic variants were found in untranslated, although 33 benign/likely benign and three new VUS variants were detected. Conclusions Our study documents that point or short indel mutations in non-coding regions of MEN1 are very rare events. Also, tNGS proved to be a highly effective technology for routine genetic MEN1 testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Carvalho
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Betsaida Urtremari
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Lucas S Santana
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Elisangela P S Quedas
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Tomoko Sekiya
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Viviane C Longuini
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
| | - Fabio L M Montenegro
- Unidade de Paratireoide, Laboratorio de Cirurgia Vascular e da Cabeça e Pescoço LIM-28, Disciplina de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sergio P A Toledo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
- Endocrinology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen J Marx
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
- Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Delmar M Lourenço
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genetica UEG, Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hernández-Ramírez LC, Trivellin G, Stratakis CA. Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in the anterior pituitary gland in health and disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 463:72-86. [PMID: 28822849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was the first among the so-called "second messengers" to be described. It is conserved in most organisms and functions as a signal transducer by mediating the intracellular effects of multiple hormones and neurotransmitters. In this review, we first delineate how different members of the cAMP pathway ensure its correct compartmentalization and activity, mediate the terminal intracellular effects, and allow the crosstalk with other signaling pathways. We then focus on the pituitary gland, where cAMP exerts a crucial function by controlling the responsiveness of the cells to hypothalamic hormones, neurotransmitters and peripheral factors. We discuss the most relevant physiological functions mediated by cAMP in the different pituitary cell types, and summarize the defects affecting this pathway that have been reported in the literature. We finally discuss how a deregulated cAMP pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary disorders and how it affects the response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, CRC, Room 1E-3216, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA
| | - Giampaolo Trivellin
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, CRC, Room 1E-3216, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, CRC, Room 1E-3216, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tung MC, Wen YC, Wang SS, Lin YW, Liu YC, Yang SF, Chien MH. Dopamine receptor D2 genetic variations is associated with the risk and clinicopathological variables of urothelial cell carcinoma in a Taiwanese population. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1187-1193. [PMID: 30123056 PMCID: PMC6097255 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is overexpressed in several kinds of cancers and was correlated with the prognosis of these cancers. Polymorphisms within the DRD2 gene were shown to be associated with lung and colon cancers. The purpose of this study was to explore effects of DRD2 gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). In total, 369 patients diagnosed with UCC and 738 healthy controls were enrolled to analyze DRD2 genotypes at four loci (rs1799732, -141C>del; rs1079597, TaqIB; rs6277, 957C>T; and rs1800497, TaqIA) using a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found a significantly lower risk for UCC in individuals with the DRD2 rs6277 CT genotype compared to those with the wild-type CC genotype (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.405, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.196~0.837, p=0.015). In 124 younger patients (aged < 65 years) of the recruited UCC cohort, patients who carried at least one T allele of DRD2 rs1800497 were at higher risk (AOR=2.270, 95% CI: 1.060~4.860, p=0.033) of developing an invasive stage (pT2~pT4). In 128 female patients of the recruited UCC cohort, patients who carried at least one deletion allele of DRD2 rs1799732 showed a higher incidence of having an invasive stage (AOR=2.585, 95% CI: 1.066~6.264, p=0.032) and a large tumor (AOR=2.778, 95% CI: 1.146~6.735, p=0.021). Further analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets revealed correlations of the expression of DRD2 with an invasive tumor, tumor metastasis, and the lower survival rate in patients with UCC. Our findings suggest that DRD2 levels might affect the progression of UCC, and the polymorphisms rs6277, rs1800497, and rs1799732 of DRD2 are probably associated with the susceptibility and clinicopathologic development of UCC in a Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bueno C, Trarbach EB, Bronstein MD, Glezer A. Cabergoline and prolactinomas: lack of association between DRD2 polymorphisms and response to treatment. Pituitary 2017; 20:295-300. [PMID: 27848079 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-016-0776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 80% of prolactinomas respond to dopamine agonists (DA) with hormonal normalization and tumor shrinkage. Mechanisms of DA resistance include reduction of dopamine receptor subtype 2 (DRD2) expression, short and long isoform ratio and post-receptor mechanisms. It was suggested that polymorphisms in the gene encoding dopamine receptor subtype 2 gene (DRD2) could be associated with variable effectiveness of cabergoline (CAB). OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of DRD2 polymorphisms in responsiveness of CAB treatment in patients with prolactinoma. STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS Cross-sectional retrospective case-control study analyzing the frequency of five DRD2 polymorphisms in 148 patients with prolactinoma and 349 healthy subjects. The association of genetic variants and clinical characteristics with CAB responsiveness was performed in 118 patients (mean age at diagnosis 29 years; range 11-61 years) with hormonal evaluation. Patients with prolactin (PRL) normalization were considered as responders. RESULTS No association in genotypes and allele proportions was found comparing patients and controls. On pharmacogenetic study, 118 patients on CAB were included and 20% were non-responders. No association was found between clinical characteristics (gender, age, PRL level and tumor size at diagnosis) and polymorphisms of DRD2 with CAB responsiveness. Otherwise, there was association between polymorphisms rs1076560 (allele A) and rs1800497 (allele T) and the presence of macroadenomas. CONCLUSION No correlation was found between DRD2 polymorphisms and CAB responsiveness in patients with prolactinoma. More data are necessary in order to assess the influence of DRD2 genotyping on DA treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cbf Bueno
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas & Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - E B Trarbach
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas & Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D Bronstein
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas & Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Glezer
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas & Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology LIM-25, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Although most of pituitary adenomas are benign, they may cause significant burden to patients. Sporadic adenomas represent the vast majority of the cases, where recognized somatic mutations (eg, GNAS or USP8), as well as altered gene-expression profile often affecting cell cycle proteins have been identified. More rarely, germline mutations predisposing to pituitary adenomas -as part of a syndrome (eg, MEN1 or Carney complex), or isolated to the pituitary (AIP or GPR101) can be identified. These alterations influence the biological behavior, clinical presentations and therapeutic responses, and their full understanding helps to provide appropriate care for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Sousa SMC, McCabe MJ, Wu K, Roscioli T, Gayevskiy V, Brook K, Rawlings L, Scott HS, Thompson TJ, Earls P, Gill AJ, Cowley MJ, Dinger ME, McCormack AI. Germline variants in familial pituitary tumour syndrome genes are common in young patients and families with additional endocrine tumours. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:635-644. [PMID: 28220018 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial pituitary tumour syndromes (FPTS) account for 5% of pituitary adenomas. Multi-gene analysis via next-generation sequencing (NGS) may unveil greater prevalence and inform clinical care. We aimed to identify germline variants in selected patients with pituitary adenomas using a targeted NGS panel. DESIGN We undertook a nationwide cross-sectional study of patients with pituitary adenomas with onset ≤40 years of age and/or other personal/family history of endocrine neoplasia. A custom NGS panel was performed on germline DNA to interrogate eight FPTS genes. Genome data were analysed via a custom bioinformatic pipeline, and validation was performed by Sanger sequencing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed in cases with heightened suspicion for MEN1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations. The main outcomes were frequency and pathogenicity of rare variants in AIP, CDKN1B, MEN1, PRKAR1A, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. RESULTS Forty-four patients with pituitary tumours, 14 of whom had a personal history of other endocrine tumours and/or a family history of pituitary or other endocrine tumours, were referred from endocrine tertiary-referral centres across Australia. Eleven patients (25%) had a rare variant across the eight FPTS genes tested: AIP (p.A299V, p.R106C, p.F269F, p.R304X, p.K156K, p.R271W), MEN1 (p.R176Q), SDHB (p.A2V, p.S8S), SDHC (p.E110Q) and SDHD (p.G12S), with two patients harbouring dual variants. Variants were classified as pathogenic or of uncertain significance in 9/44 patients (20%). No deletions/duplications were identified in MEN1, CDKN1B or AIP. CONCLUSIONS A high yield of rare variants in genes implicated in FPTS can be found in selected patients using an NGS panel. It may also identify individuals harbouring more than one rare variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita M C De Sousa
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic UnitRoyal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark J McCabe
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Wu
- Familial Cancer ServiceWestmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical GeneticsSydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katelyn Brook
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics FacilityCentre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya J Thompson
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Earls
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- School of MedicineUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology GroupKolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research CentreRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann I McCormack
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of EndocrinologySt Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|