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Blanc C, Moktefi A, Jolly A, de la Grange P, Gay D, Nicolaiew N, Semprez F, Maillé P, Soyeux P, Firlej V, Vacherot F, Destouches D, Amiche M, Terry S, de la Taille A, Londoño-Vallejo A, Allory Y, Delbé J, Hamma-Kourbali Y. The Neuropilin-1/PKC axis promotes neuroendocrine differentiation and drug resistance of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:918-927. [PMID: 36550208 PMCID: PMC9977768 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a multi-resistant variant of prostate cancer (PCa) that has become a major challenge in clinics. Understanding the neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) process at the molecular level is therefore critical to define therapeutic strategies that can prevent multi-drug resistance. METHODS Using RNA expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, we have identified and characterised a gene expression signature associated with the emergence of NED in a large PCa cohort, including 169 hormone-naïve PCa (HNPC) and 48 castration-resistance PCa (CRPC) patients. In vitro and preclinical in vivo NED models were used to explore the cellular mechanism and to characterise the effects of castration on PCa progression. RESULTS We show for the first time that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a key component of NED in PCa cells. NRP1 is upregulated in response to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) and elicits cell survival through induction of the PKC pathway. Downmodulation of either NRP1 protein expression or PKC activation suppresses NED, prevents tumour evolution toward castration resistance and increases the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in preclinical models in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the NRP1/PKC axis as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neuroendocrine castration-resistant variants of PCa and indicates NRP1 as an early transitional biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Blanc
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Department of Pathology, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Ariane Jolly
- Genosplice®, IM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Fannie Semprez
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,SPPIN-Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Maillé
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Department of Pathology, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Pascale Soyeux
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Virginie Firlej
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Francis Vacherot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Damien Destouches
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Amiche
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Sorbonne University-CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biogenèse des Signaux Peptidiques (BioSiPe), F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Research Department, Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre de la Taille
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, Department of Urology, 94010, Créteil, France
| | | | - Yves Allory
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean Delbé
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France
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Bresciani G, Hofland LJ, Dogan F, Giamas G, Gagliano T, Zatelli MC. Evaluation of Spheroid 3D Culture Methods to Study a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:682. [PMID: 31636608 PMCID: PMC6787167 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (pNEN) are rare tumors which treatment still represent an important clinical problem, due to the paucity of medical treatments. Due to tumor complexity, techniques as 3D cultures are important to study drug activity in a more realistic model. This study aims to compare three different 3D culture methods in order to understand which one can be considered the best option in terms of experimental easiness and reproducibility in studying the efficacy of a target drug on pNEN. The BON1 cell line was used as a pNEN model and the well-known Receptor Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor Sunitinib was used in order to better investigate the different features of each method. The investigated methods are: (1) 96-well hanging drop plates (HD plates), (2) 24-well plates with a cell-repellent surface, and (3) ultra-low attachment 96-well plates with clear round bottom (ULA plates). The evaluated parameters during the study were: cell seeding, easiness in spheroids formation, morphology, culture maintenance, medium change, spheroids monitoring, picture quality, spheroid perimeter measurement reproducibility error, possibility to perform assays into the seeding plate, overall time of the experiment. Moreover, we investigated how culture methods can influence experimental outcomes evaluating perimeter changes, cell viability and immunohistochemistry of spheroids treated with different Sunitinib concentrations. Results showed that each method has weak and strong points but, considering the easiness of spheroids maintenance and reproducibility results, ULA plates method appears to be the best approach to culture BON1 spheroids and, therefore, to study pNEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bresciani
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medial Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leo J. Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fadime Dogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medial Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Chiara Zatelli
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Gentilin E, Minoia M, Bondanelli M, Tagliati F, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Growth Hormone differentially modulates chemoresistance in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Endocrine 2017; 56:621-632. [PMID: 27585662 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growth Hormone may influence neoplastic development of endometrial epithelium towards endometrial adenocarcinoma, which is one of the most occurring tumors in acromegalic patients. Since chemoresistance often develops in advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma, we investigated whether Growth Hormone might influence the development of chemoresistance to drugs routinely employed in endometrial adenocarcinoma treatment, such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel. Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone receptor expression was assessed by immunofluorescence in two endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines, AN3 CA and HEC-1-A cells. Growth Hormone effects were assessed investigating cell viability, caspase3/7 activation, ERK1/2, and protein kinase C delta protein expression. AN3 CA and HEC-1-A cells display Growth Hormone and Growth Hormone receptor. Growth Hormone does not influence cell viability in both cells lines, but significantly reduces caspase 3/7 activation in AN3 CA cells, an effect blocked by a Growth Hormone receptor antagonist. Growth Hormone rescues AN3 CA cells from the inhibitory effects of Doxorubicin and Cisplatin on cell viability, while it has no effect on Paclitaxel. Growth Hormone does not influence the pro-apoptotic effects of Doxorubicin, but is capable of rescuing AN3 CA cells from the pro-apoptotic effects of Cisplatin. On the other hand, Growth Hormone did not influence the effects of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel on HEC-1A cell viability. The protective action of Growth Hormone towards the effects of Doxorubicin may be mediated by ERK1/2 activation, while the pro-apoptotic effects of Cisplatin may be mediated by protein kinase C delta inhibition. All together our results indicate that Growth Hormone may differentially contribute to endometrial adenocarcinoma chemoresistance. This may provide new insights on novel therapies against endometrial adenocarcinoma chemoresistant aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore C Degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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A pharmacokinetic and safety study of a fixed oral dose of enzastaurin HCl in native Chinese patients with refractory solid tumors and lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18585-93. [PMID: 26942463 PMCID: PMC4951311 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of enzastaurin in native Chinese patients with refractory solid tumors and lymphoma. Methods Eligible patients received 500 mg of enzastaurin orally once daily. The pharmacokinetics of enzastaurin and its metabolites were assessed on days 14 to 18. Patients were allowed to continue receiving the agent in a safety extension phase until disease progression or presentation with unacceptable toxicity. Results Twenty-five patients received at least 1 dose of enzastaurin, and twenty-one patients completed the pharmacokinetic phase. Fifteen patients entered the safety extension phase. Except for transient, asymptomatic grade 3 QT interval prolongation in one patient who had baseline grade 2 QT prolongation, other adverse events were of grade 1 to 2. The t1/2, Cav, ss, and AUCτ, ss for enzastaurin and its primary active metabolite LSN326020 were 14 and 42 h, 1,210 and 907 nmol/L, and 29,100 and 21,800 nmol•h/L, respectively. One patient with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma achieved a partial response that lasted for 8.1 months. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of enzastaurin in Chinese cancer patients were consistent with those observed in previous studies abroad. Enzastaurin 500 mg daily was well tolerated by Chinese patients. We recommend 500 mg daily as the phase II dose in this population. Its efficacy in lymphoma deserves further investigation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01432951
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Falletta S, Partelli S, Rubini C, Nann D, Doria A, Marinoni I, Polenta V, Di Pasquale C, Degli Uberti E, Perren A, Falconi M, Zatelli MC. mTOR inhibitors response and mTOR pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:883-891. [PMID: 27697900 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medical therapy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NET) may take advantage of Everolimus treatment. However, the extent of therapeutic response cannot be predicted. This study was aimed to identify the possible predictive markers of response to Everolimus in P-NET. We found that Everolimus reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in primary cultures of 6 P-NET (P-NET-R), where the proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of IGF1 were blocked by Everolimus. On the contrary, 14 P-NET primary cultures (P-NET-NR) were resistant to Everolimus and IGF1, suggesting an involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the mechanism of resistance. The response to Everolimus in vitro was associated with an active AKT/mTOR pathway and seemed to be associated with a greater clinical aggressiveness. In addition, a patient sensitive to Everolimus in vitro was sensitive to this drug in vivo also and showed a positive p-AKT immunohistochemistry (IHC) at tissue level. Similarly, a patient resistant to Everolimus treatment after surgery was not sensitive to the drug in vitro and had a negative p-AKT IHC staining. Therefore, present data confirm that P-NET primary cultures may be considered a model for testing medical treatment efficacy and that IHC characterization of p-AKT might help in identifying human P-NET who can benefit from Everolimus treatment. These data encourage conducting a prospective multicenter study involving different groups of P-NET patients treated with Everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Falletta
- Department of Medical ScienceSection of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery UnitPancreas Translational and Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public HealthPolytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dominik Nann
- Institut fur PathologieUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public HealthPolytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marinoni
- Institut fur PathologieUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Polenta
- Pancreatic Surgery UnitPancreas Translational and Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelina Di Pasquale
- Department of Medical ScienceSection of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore Degli Uberti
- Department of Medical ScienceSection of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institut fur PathologieUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery UnitPancreas Translational and Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Department of Medical ScienceSection of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Gentilin E, Di Pasquale C, Gagliano T, Tagliati F, Benfini K, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Protein Kinase C Delta restrains growth in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:252-8. [PMID: 26522132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C Delta (PRKCD) has been highlighted among disrupted pathways in corticotroph adenomas. PRKCD is expressed at low level in human corticotroph adenomas and controls cell cycle in vitro. Therefore, PRKCD may play an important role in the development/progression of corticotroph adenomas, warranting further studies to understand the role of PRKCD and related pathways in restraining pituitary cell growth. We evaluated PRKCD role in influencing cell behavior in terms of cell viability, hormone expression and protein expression profile, by silencing PRKCD in AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells. PRKCD silencing increases cell viability, enhances hormone expression and induces morphological changes associated with deregulation of adhesion molecules. PRKCD silencing is associated with an increase in Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression, a marker of tumor aggressive behavior, and sensitivity to anti-EGFR molecules. PRKCD might restrain corticotroph adenoma cells from acquiring an aggressive behavior, candidating PRKCD as a possible molecular target for the treatment of corticotroph adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmelina Di Pasquale
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Tagliati
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Benfini
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bondanelli
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ettore C degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology & Internal Medicine, Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in rete del Tecnopolo "Tecnologie delle terapie avanzate" (LTTA) of the University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Gagliano T, Gentilin E, Tagliati F, Benfini K, Di Pasquale C, Feo C, Falletta S, Riva E, degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. Inhibition of epithelial growth factor receptor can play an important role in reducing cell growth and survival in adrenocortical tumors. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:639-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, which can be further classified into three PKC isozymes subfamilies: conventional or classic, novel or nonclassic, and atypical. PKC isozymes are known to be involved in cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Because of their key roles in cell signaling, PKC isozymes also have the potential to be promising therapeutic targets for several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, and multiple types of cancer. This review primarily focuses on the activation, mechanism, and function of PKC isozymes during cancer development and progression.
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Gentilin E, Molè D, Gagliano T, Minoia M, Ambrosio MR, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Inhibitory effects of mitotane on viability and secretory activity in mouse gonadotroph cell lines. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:71-6. [PMID: 24486453 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitotane represents the mainstay medical treatment for metastatic, inoperable or recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma. Besides the well-known adverse events, mitotane therapy is associated also with endocrinological effects, including sexual and reproductive dysfunction. The majority of male patients undergoing adjuvant mitotane therapy show a picture of hypogonadism, characterized by low free testosterone and high sex hormone binding globulin levels and unmodified LH concentrations. Since mitotane has been shown to have direct pituitary effects, we investigated whether mitotane may influence both cell viability and function of gonadotroph cells in the settings of two pituitary cell lines. We found that mitotane reduces cell viability, induces apoptosis, modifies cell cycle phase distribution and secretion of gonadotroph cells. The present data strengthen previous evidence showing a direct mitotane effect at pituitary level and represent a possible explanation of the lack of LH increase following decrease in free testosterone in patients undergoing adjuvant mitotane therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariella Minoia
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ettore C Degli Uberti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy; Laboratorio in Rete del Tecnopolo Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Italy.
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Darmanis S, Cui T, Drobin K, Li SC, Öberg K, Nilsson P, Schwenk JM, Giandomenico V. Identification of candidate serum proteins for classifying well-differentiated small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81712. [PMID: 24282616 PMCID: PMC3839889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with well-differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (WD-SI-NETs) are most often diagnosed at a metastatic stage of disease, which reduces possibilities for a curative treatment. Thus new approaches for earlier detection and improved monitoring of the disease are required. MATERIALS AND METHODS Suspension bead arrays targeting 124 unique proteins with antibodies from the Human Protein Atlas were used to profile biotinylated serum samples. Discoveries from a cohort of 77 individuals were followed up in a cohort of 132 individuals both including healthy controls as well as patients with untreated primary WD-SI-NETs, lymph node metastases and liver metastases. RESULTS A set of 20 antibodies suggested promising proteins for further verification based on technically verified statistical significance. Proceeding, we assessed the classification performance in an independent cohort of patient serum, achieving, classification accuracy of up to 85% with different subsets of antibodies in respective pairwise group comparisons. The protein profiles of nine targets, namely IGFBP2, IGF1, SHKBP1, ETS1, IL1α, STX2, MAML3, EGR3 and XIAP were verified as significant contributors to tumor classification. CONCLUSIONS We propose new potential protein biomarker candidates for classifying WD-SI-NETs at different stage of disease. Further evaluation of these proteins in larger sample sets and with alternative approaches is needed in order to further improve our understanding of their functional relation to WD-SI-NETs and their eventual use in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Darmanis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kimi Drobin
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Su-Chen Li
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Öberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinic of Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (VG); (JMS)
| | - Valeria Giandomenico
- Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (VG); (JMS)
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Gagliano T, Bellio M, Gentilin E, Molè D, Tagliati F, Schiavon M, Cavallesco NG, Andriolo LG, Ambrosio MR, Rea F, Degli Uberti E, Zatelli MC. mTOR, p70S6K, AKT, and ERK1/2 levels predict sensitivity to mTOR and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in human bronchial carcinoids. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:463-75. [PMID: 23653462 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial carcinoids (BCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that are still orphans of medical treatment. Human BC primary cultures may display resistance to everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in terms of cell viability reduction. Our aim was to assess whether the novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 is effective in everolimus-resistant human BC tissues and cell lines. In addition, we searched for possible markers of the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors that may help in identifying the patients who may benefit from treatment with mTOR inhibitors, sparing them from ineffective therapy. We found that NVP-BEZ235 is twice as potent as everolimus in reducing cell viability and activating apoptosis in human BC tissues that display sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors, but is not effective in everolimus-resistant BC tissues and cell lines that bypass cyclin D1 downregulation and escape G0/G1 blockade. Rebound AKT activation was not observed in response to treatment with either mTOR inhibitor in the 'resistant' BC cells. In addition to total mTOR levels, putative markers of the sensitivity of BCs to mTOR inhibitors are represented by AKT, p70S6K (RPS6KB2), and ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) protein levels. Finally, we validated these markers in an independent BC group. These data indicate that the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 is more potent than everolimus in reducing the proliferation of human BC cells. 'Resistant' cells display lower levels of mTOR, p70S6K, AKT, and ERK1/2, indicating that these proteins may be useful as predictive markers of resistance to mTOR and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in human BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gagliano
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, Ferrara, Italy
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Wolin EM. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors in the therapy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:1-8. [PMID: 23419523 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Activation of this pathway is driven by aberrant tyrosine kinase receptor activities. Mutations in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway occur in 15% of pNETs, and expression of genes of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is altered in the majority of pNETs. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of pNET, but its efficacy may be limited by its inability to prevent mTORC2-mediated activation of Akt. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, or other pathway nodes, and their concomitant use with mTOR inhibitors, or agents with dual activity, may be more effective. Preclinical studies demonstrate that inhibitors of the PI3K pathway have antitumor activity in pNET cells, either through direct inhibition of individual pathway nodes or indirect inhibition of molecular chaperones such as heat-shock protein 90. Clinical studies are underway evaluating individual node and dual node inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Wolin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Molè D, Gentilin E, Gagliano T, Tagliati F, Bondanelli M, Pelizzo MR, Rossi M, Filieri C, Pansini G, degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Protein kinase C: a putative new target for the control of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2088-98. [PMID: 22374978 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the control of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cell proliferation by a PKC inhibitor, Enzastaurin, in human MTC primary cultures and in the TT cell line. We found that PKC inhibition reduces cell proliferation by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis and blocks the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on calcitonin secretion. Enzastaurin reduces PKCβII (Thr500) phosphorylation, indicating a direct involvement of this isoform as well as the phosphorylated levels of Akt (Ser 473) and glycogen synthase kinase (Ser9), PKC pathway downstream targets and pharmacodynamic markers for PKC inhibition. PKCβII and PKCδ enzyme isoforms expression and localization were investigated. These data indicate that in vitro PKC is involved in the control of human MTC proliferation and survival by modulating apoptosis, with a mechanism that implicates PKCβII inhibition and translocation in different subcellular compartments. Targeting PKC may represent a useful therapeutic approach for controlling MTC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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