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Hua X, Hu R, Chen C, Sun J, Feng X, Zhang X. Joint effects of tobacco smoke exposure and heavy metals on serum sex hormones in adult males. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00600-8. [PMID: 39269601 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the associations of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and heavy metal exposure on sex hormones and the joint effects between them in adult males. METHODS The study used data of 2244 adult males from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2016). Weighted linear regression models were used to calculate their beta (β) coefficients and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI), which assessed the joint effects of TSE and heavy metals on sex hormones. RESULTS Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) showed a positive association with increased per standard deviation (SD) for cotinine (β=0.024 [0.004, 0.043]; P<0.001), lead (β=0.021 [0.002, 0.039]; P=0.028), and cadmium (β=0.034 [0.015, 0.053]; P<0.001). Manganese was positively associated with estradiol (E2) (β=0.025 [0.009, 0.042]; P=0.002). The subjects with higher cadmium levels were more likely to have higher total testosterone (TT) (β=0.042 [0.023, 0.062]; P<0.001). TSE and lead exerted synergistic effects on TT (p for interaction = 0.015) and E2 (p for interaction = 0.009), as also did TSE and cadmium on SHBG (p for interaction = 0.037). Compared with the reference group, TSE participants who were exposed to high concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, and manganese had significantly elevated TT levels, but these high levels presented no significant association with E2 levels. A significantly higher level of SHBG among TSE participants was detected in high concentrations for lead, cadmium, and mercury. CONCLUSION TSE exacerbated sex hormone imbalances when combined with high levels of metal exposure. Smoking cessation is crucial, especially in the case of high levels of occupational exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Hua
- Office of Medical Insurance Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Clinical Teaching Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jiangjie Sun
- Department of Health Data Science, School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiqiu Feng
- Office of Medical Insurance Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Hahn AW, Manyam GC, Chapin BF, Zhang M, Yu Y, Pettaway CA, Chery L, Pisters LL, Ward JF, Gregg JR, Papadopoulos J, Kamat AM, Lozano M, Hoang A, Broom B, Wang X, Huff CD, Logothetis CJ, Troncoso P, Pilié PG, Davis JW. A phase II trial of apalutamide for intermediate-risk prostate cancer and molecular correlates. BJU Int 2024; 134:449-458. [PMID: 38837608 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether 6 months of preoperative apalutamide for intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPCa) reduces the aggregate postoperative radiotherapy risk and to evaluate associations of molecular perturbations with clinical outcomes in this study cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 2018 and February 2020, eligible patients with IRPCa (Gleason 3 + 4 or 4 + 3 and clinical T2b-c or prostate-specific antigen level of 10-20 ng/mL) were treated with apalutamide 240 mg/day for 6 months followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) in this single-arm, phase II trial. The primary endpoint was presence of any adverse pathological feature at risk of pelvic radiation (pathological T stage after neoadjuvant therapy [yp]T3 or ypN1 or positive surgical margins). Translational studies, including germline and somatic DNA alterations and RNA and protein expression, were performed on post-apalutamide RP specimens, and assessed for associations with clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 40 patients underwent a RP, and only one patient discontinued apalutamide prior to 6 months. In all, 40% had adverse pathological features at time of RP, and the 3-year biochemical recurrence (BCR) rate was 15%, with 27.5% being not evaluable. Genomic alterations frequently seen in metastatic PCas, such as androgen receptor (AR), tumour protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), or BReast CAncer associated gene (BRCA1/2) were underrepresented in this localised cohort. Adverse pathological features and BCR at 3-years were associated with increased expression of select cell cycle (e.g., E2F targets: adjusted P value [Padj] < 0.001, normalised enrichment score [NES] 2.47) and oxidative phosphorylation (Padj < 0.001, NES 1.62) pathways. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative apalutamide did not reduce the aggregate postoperative radiation risk to the pre-specified threshold in unselected men with IRPCa. However, transcriptomic analysis identified key dysregulated pathways in tumours associated with adverse pathological outcomes and BCR, which warrant future study. Further investigation of preoperative therapy is underway for men with high-risk PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Hahn
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian F Chapin
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisly Chery
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Ward
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin R Gregg
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Papadopoulos
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marisa Lozano
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anh Hoang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley Broom
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick G Pilié
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Davis
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Mori JO, Elhussin I, Brennen WN, Graham MK, Lotan TL, Yates CC, De Marzo AM, Denmeade SR, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, Denis GV, Platz EA, Meeker AK, Heaphy CM. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of senescent stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:258-273. [PMID: 37907729 PMCID: PMC11058122 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The stromal component of the tumour microenvironment in primary and metastatic prostate cancer can influence and promote disease progression. Within the prostatic stroma, fibroblasts are one of the most prevalent cell types associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions; they have a vital role in the structural composition, organization and integrity of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts within the tumour microenvironment can undergo cellular senescence, which is a stable arrest of cell growth and a phenomenon that is emerging as a recognized hallmark of cancer. Supporting the idea that cellular senescence has a pro-tumorigenic role, a subset of senescent cells exhibits a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which, along with increased inflammation, can promote prostate cancer cell growth and survival. These cellular characteristics make targeting senescent cells and/or modulating SASP attractive as a potential preventive or therapeutic option for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakin O Mori
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy K Graham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Faviana P, Boldrini L, Gronchi L, Galli L, Erba P, Gentile C, Lippolis PV, Marchetti E, Di Stefano I, Sammarco E, Chapman AD, Bardi M. Steroid Hormones as Modulators of Emotional Regulation in Male Urogenital Cancers. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:836-848. [PMID: 36459332 PMCID: PMC10713796 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors develop within an organism operating in a specific social and physical environment. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two of the most abundant steroid hormones in humans, are involved in both emotional regulation and the tumor progression. Several studies reported preclinical findings that DHEA can have preventive and therapeutic efficacy in treating major age-associated diseases, including cancer, although the mechanisms of action are not yet defined. The main aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between psychological and physiological emotional regulation and cancer development. METHOD This study assessed the quality of life of urogenital cancer male patients using several validated tools, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and the Profile of Mood States. Saliva samples were collected to monitor peripheral activity of both cortisol and DHEA. It was hypothesized that patients with a better quality of life would have higher levels of the DHEA/cortisol ratios. RESULTS We found that the quality of life was positively related to DHEA, but not cortisol levels. Negative mood increases were related to lower levels of DHEA. Logistic regression of the predictors of metastases indicated three main independent factors involved: DHEA, age, and cortisol. In other words, the higher the DHEA levels in comparison to cortisol levels, controlling for age, the lower the probability of metastases. CONCLUSION Our results appear to support the hypothesis that emotional dysregulation mediated by DHEA/cortisol activity is a key factor in the probability of metastasis in urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Gronchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Erba
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gentile
- Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elio Marchetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iosè Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Sammarco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alex D Chapman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
| | - Massimo Bardi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
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5
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Taves MD, Otsuka S, Taylor MA, Donahue KM, Meyer TJ, Cam MC, Ashwell JD. Tumors produce glucocorticoids by metabolite recycling, not synthesis, and activate Tregs to promote growth. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164599. [PMID: 37471141 PMCID: PMC10503810 DOI: 10.1172/jci164599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones with potent immunosuppressive properties. Their primary source is the adrenals, where they are generated via de novo synthesis from cholesterol. In addition, many tissues have a recycling pathway in which glucocorticoids are regenerated from inactive metabolites by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1, encoded by Hsd11b1). Here, we find that multiple tumor types express Hsd11b1 and produce active glucocorticoids. Genetic ablation of Hsd11b1 in such cells had no effect on in vitro growth, but reduced in vivo tumor progression, which corresponded with increased frequencies of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expressing activation markers and producing effector cytokines. Tumor-derived glucocorticoids were found to promote signatures of Treg activation and suppress signatures of conventional T cell activation in tumor-infiltrating Tregs. Indeed, CD8+ T cell activation was restored and tumor growth reduced in mice with Treg-specific glucocorticoid receptor deficiency. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of 11β-HSD1 reduced tumor growth to the same degree as gene knockout and rendered immunotherapy-resistant tumors susceptible to PD-1 blockade. Given that HSD11B1 expression is upregulated in many human tumors and that inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is well tolerated in clinical studies, these data suggest that targeting 11β-HSD1 may be a beneficial adjunct in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret C. Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Fadel J, Simonyan D, Fradet V, Lodde M, Lacombe L, Fradet Y, Toren P. Analysis of sex-based differences to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:539.e1-539.e8. [PMID: 36272848 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether differences exist between men and women in response to intravesical BCG treatments. The incidence of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is lower in women but they tend to present with more aggressive and advanced disease. Some prior studies also suggest there are sex-based differences in response to treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder tumors. METHODS In this retrospective study, we reviewed all consecutive patients who received BCG at the CHU de Québec - Laval University from 2009-2019. Men and women were treated with intravesical BCG therapy following pathologic confirmation of urothelial carcinoma. Outcomes evaluated include recurrence, progression, and treatment tolerability. Recurrence was defined as a pathology confirmed cancer whereas progression was the new development of high-grade (recurrence) pathology or an increase of stage. Tolerability was defined according to the proportion of prescribed BCG received. All clinical details were obtained through review of the medical records, collaborated by pharmacy records for BCG administration. Competing-risk analysis was used to compare outcomes. RESULTS Among 613 patients who received BCG at our institution between 2009-2019, 472 (77.0%) were men and 141 (23.0%) were women. The recurrence rate was not different between sexes, with a 5-year recurrence risk of 52% (95% CI: 36.93-65.4) among women compared to 57.5% (CI 95%: 51.9-62.6) among men. The overall non-progression rate at 1,3 and 5 years was 97.3% (95% CI: 95.6%-98.3%), 93.6% (95% CI: 91.2%-95.4%), and 91.7% (95% CI: 88.4%-94.1%), respectively. The completion of ≥5 induction BCG instillations and maintenance BCG use was similar in both genders. CONCLUSIONS We report a contemporary NMIBC cohort treated with BCG and find no clear evidence for sex-based differences in response to BCG treatment in regard of progression, recurrence, and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fadel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - David Simonyan
- Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Michele Lodde
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Yves Fradet
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division
| | - Paul Toren
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division.
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Impact of adipose tissue distribution on prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. ACTAS UROLÓGICAS ESPAÑOLAS (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 47:104-110. [PMID: 37078845 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to correlate the CT adipose tissue distribution and recurrence risk of Prostatic Cancer (PCa) after Radical Prostatectomy (RP). Furthermore, we evaluated the association of adipose tissue and PCa aggressiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified two groups of patients based on presence (group A) and absence (group B or control group) of Bio-chemical Recurrence (BCR) after RP. A semi-automatic function able to recognize the typical attenuation values of adipose tissue was used for sub-cutaneous (SCAT), visceral (VAT), total (TAT) and periprostatic (PPAT) adipose tissues. For both groups of patients, a descriptive analysis of continuous variables and categorical variables was performed. RESULTS After comparing between groups, a statistically significant difference was found for VAT (p<0.001) and for VAT/TAT ratio (p=0.013). No statistically significant correlation was found for PPAT and SCAT, even if higher values were found in patients with high grade tumors. CONCLUSION This study confirms visceral adipose tissue as a quantitative imaging parameter related to oncological risk of PCa recurrence development, and the role of abdominal fat distribution measured with CT before RP as an important tool to predict the PCa recurrence risk, particularly in patients with high grade tumors.
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Impacto de la distribución del tejido adiposo en la recidiva del cáncer de próstata tras la prostatectomía radical. Actas Urol Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Combining Antiandrogens with Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer Treatment. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022; 43:35-44. [PMID: 36246841 PMCID: PMC9557088 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Zhao W, Zhang J, Feng A, Yin H, Liu C, Pan Y. Rapid Quantification of Endogenous Steroids in Human Serum Using Leidenfrost Effect-Assisted Thermal Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1250-1259. [PMID: 35748155 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unconjugated sex steroids in human serum play a crucial role in physiological and pathological studies and are frequently considered as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. Because of their low polarity, poor volatility, and low concentration, the rapid and highly sensitive analysis of sex steroids in real serum matrix by ambient mass spectrometry is still challenging. Here, Leidenfrost effect-assisted thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization orbitrap mass spectrometry (LETD-APPI-MS) was developed and applied to quantify free sex steroids in human serum without derivatization and chromatography separation within a few minutes. The concentration of target analyte could be increased by approximately two orders during the LETD process. The limit of quantifications and detections of endogenous sex steroids in human serum were measured at the ppt level. In contrast with commonly used immunoassays in clinical laboratories, LETD-APPI-MS enables the accurate measurements of multiple free sex steroids without the interference of cross-reactions. The endogenous sex steroids of 38 female serums at four physiological stages during pregnancy were rapidly tested by LETD-APPI-MS, whose results were highly consistent with that using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS), indicating LETD-APPI-MS has a strong clinical application potential in steroid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Airong Feng
- Instruments center for physical science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yin
- Instruments center for physical science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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Stensland KD, Devasia T, Caram M, Chapman C, Zaslavsky A, Morgan TM, Hollenbeck BK, Sparks J, Burns J, Vedapudi V, Duchesne GM, Tsodikov A, Skolarus TA. Better Understanding the Timing of Androgen Deprivation (TOAD) Trial Outcomes: Impacts of Prior ADT. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6555004. [PMID: 35616109 PMCID: PMC9134272 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Timing Of Androgen Deprivation (TOAD) trial found an overall survival benefit for immediate vs delayed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–relapsed or noncurable prostate cancer. However, broad eligibility criteria allowed entry of a heterogeneous participant group, including those with prior ADT exposure, raising concerns about subsequent androgen sensitivity. For these reasons, we completed previously specified subgroup analyses to assess if prior ADT was associated with ADT timing efficacy after PSA relapse. Methods We examined TOAD trial patient-level data for participants with PSA relapse after local therapy. We performed Kaplan-Meier analyses for overall survival stratified by prior ADT and randomized treatment arm (immediate or delayed ADT). We compared group characteristics using Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact tests. All hypothesis tests were 2-sided. Results We identified 261 patients with PSA relapse, 125 of whom received prior ADT. Patients with prior ADT had higher PSA at presentation (12.1 vs 9.0 ng/mL; P < .001), more cT3 disease (38.4% vs 25.0%; P = .007), and more likely received radiotherapy as local treatment (80.0% vs 47.8%; P < .001) but were otherwise similar to patients without prior ADT exposure. Within this prior ADT group, those who received immediate ADT (n = 56) had improved overall survival compared with those who received delayed ADT (n = 69; P = .02). This benefit was not observed in the group with no prior ADT (P = .98). Conclusions The survival benefit demonstrated in the TOAD trial may be driven by patients who received ADT prior to trial entry. We provide possible explanations for this finding with implications for treatment of PSA-relapsed prostate cancer and future study planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian D Stensland
- Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa Devasia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health,Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Caram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Chapman
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Zaslavsky
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brent K Hollenbeck
- Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jordan Sparks
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Burns
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Varsha Vedapudi
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gillian M Duchesne
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Tsodikov
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ted A Skolarus
- Dow Division of Health Services Research, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Health Services Research & Development Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann, Arbor, VA, Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sex-Based Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:499-533. [PMID: 34664253 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous multifactorial diseases consisting of a major public health issue worldwide. Sex disparities are evidenced in cancer incidence, mortality, expression of prognosis factor, response to treatment, and survival. For both sexes, an interplay of intrinsic and environmental factors influences cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) components. The TME cumulates both supportive and communicative functions, contributing to cancer development, progression, and metastasis dissemination. The frontline topics of this chapter are focused on the contribution of sex, via steroid hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, on the following components of the TME: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, and immunity/inflammatory system.
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Skeletal Muscle-Adipose Tissue-Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094469. [PMID: 33922898 PMCID: PMC8123194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle–WAT–tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.
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Zhai TS, Hu LT, Ma WG, Chen X, Luo M, Jin L, Zhou Z, Liu X, Kang Y, Kang YX, Zhang JX, Liu H, Lu JY, Yao XD, Ye L. Peri-prostatic adipose tissue measurements using MRI predict prostate cancer aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:287-296. [PMID: 32474764 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of peri-prostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) measurements using preoperative MRI on the prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS We performed a retrospective study on 179 consecutive patients receiving RP from June 2016 to October 2018. Clinical characteristics were collected. PPAT measurements including peri-prostatic fat area (PPFA) and peri-prostatic fat area to prostate area (PA) ratio (PPFA/PA) were calculated by MRI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of PCa lymph node metastasis (LNM). The predictive performance was estimated through ROC curves. Nomograms were created based on the predictors. RESULTS Pathologic Gleason score positively correlated with digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA, PPFA/PA, P504S, and Ki-67 (all P < 0.05). ROC curves revealed that high PPFA and high PPFA/PA were associated with LNM (both P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that high PPFA/PA, pathologic Gleason score, pT stage, and Ki-67 were independently predictive of LNM. The nomograms were created and the C-index was 0.945. CONCLUSIONS PPFA/PA is an independent predictor for LNM along with Gleason score, pT stage, and Ki-67. PPFA/PA may help predict LNM in men undergoing RP, thus providing adjunctive information for therapeutic strategy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T -S Zhai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L -T Hu
- Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital, No. 67, Middle Zhungaer Rd., Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - W -G Ma
- Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital, No. 67, Middle Zhungaer Rd., Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Urology, Tongxin People's Hospital, Tongxin, 751300, Ningxia, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital, No. 67, Middle Zhungaer Rd., Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - M Luo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - L Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Z Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Urology, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Y Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Y -X Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - J -X Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - J -Y Lu
- Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital, No. 67, Middle Zhungaer Rd., Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - X -D Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - L Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301, Middle Yan-Chang Rd., Jing-An District, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital, No. 67, Middle Zhungaer Rd., Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China.
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Kourbanhoussen K, McMartin C, Lodde M, Zlotta A, Bryan RT, Toren P. Switching Cancers: A Systematic Review Assessing the Role of Androgen Suppressive Therapy in Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:1044-1051. [PMID: 33132108 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bladder cancer demonstrates striking gender-based differences in incidence, with a role for androgens possibly implicated in the development and progression of the disease. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that there may be a role for antiandrogen therapy in bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE This systematic review assessed the current clinical evidence evaluating androgen suppressive therapy (AST) for the treatment or prevention of bladder cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, MEDLINE was searched for full-text articles detailing clinical outcomes or incidence of bladder cancer among patients who received AST, defined as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or equivalent, androgen receptor antagonists, or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 12 studies were included. Five studies focused on prostate cancer patients, with one study in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Among these studies, a lower incidence of bladder cancer was observed in five, with adjusted risk reduction estimates ranging from 7% to 47%. Six studies evaluating 11 820 bladder cancer patients investigated clinical outcomes among men who received a form of AST. Three out of four studies evaluating recurrence-free survival found a benefit for AST, with adjusted hazard ratios for recurrence of non-muscle-invasive cancer ranging from 0.29 to 0.53. Limitations included large variability in data sources and methodologies, as well as no data on tolerability. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence indicates that antiandrogen therapies exert a favorable influence on bladder tumors. Further prospective studies are needed to assess their therapeutic potential. PATIENT SUMMARY Androgen suppressive therapy is commonly prescribed for the treatment of prostate-related problems. Prior research indicates that there may be a role for these treatments in patients with bladder cancer. In this review, we evaluate the current evidence that strongly suggests that these agents may be effective against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassim Kourbanhoussen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine McMartin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Zlotta
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer & Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Toren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Qu Z, Ji S, Zheng S. Glucose and cholesterol induce abnormal cell divisions via DAF-12 and MPK-1 in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16255-16269. [PMID: 32857726 PMCID: PMC7485695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
People exposed to starvation have a high risk of developing cancer later in life, and prior studies have shown these individuals have high insulin and cholesterol levels and are sensitive to glucose. Using C. elegans as a model, we found that glucose and cholesterol can promote survival and cause starved L1 diapause worms to undergo abnormal neuronal cell divisions. Starvation has also been shown to promote long-term survival; however, we found that the functions of glucose and cholesterol in relation to these cell divisions are distinct from their effects on survival. We demonstrate that glucose functions in a DAF-16/FOXO-independent IIS pathway to activate the MAPK ontogenetic signaling to induce neuronal Q-cell divisions, and cholesterol works through DAF-12/steroidogenic pathways to promote these cell divisions. daf-12 and mpk-1/MAPK mutants suppress the function of glucose and cholesterol in these divisions, and a fully functioning dpMPK-1 requires the steroid hormone receptor DAF-12 for these divisions to occur. These afflictions also can be passed on to the immediate progeny. This work indicates a possible link between glucose and cholesterol in starved animals and an increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China.,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China.,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Shanqing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China.,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
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Proteoglycans in the Pathogenesis of Hormone-Dependent Cancers: Mediators and Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092401. [PMID: 32847060 PMCID: PMC7563227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers exhibit high morbidity and mortality. In spite of advances in therapy, the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers remains an unmet health need. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits unique characteristics that differ among various tumor types. It is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded and supported by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the interactions among cancer cells, stromal cells, and components of the ECM determine cancer progression and response to therapy. Proteoglycans (PGs), hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core to which sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains are bound, are significant components of the ECM that are implicated in all phases of tumorigenesis. These molecules, secreted by both the stroma and cancer cells, are crucial signaling mediators that modulate the vital cellular pathways implicated in gene expression, phenotypic versatility, and response to therapy in specific tumor types. A plethora of deregulated signaling pathways contributes to the growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Specific inputs from the endocrine and immune systems are some of the characteristics of hormone-dependent cancer pathogenesis. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in various aspects of cancer progression are executed in the ECM niche of the TME, and the PG components crucially mediate these processes. Here, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which PGs affect the multifaceted aspects of hormone-dependent cancer development and progression, including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, immunobiology, autophagy, and response to therapy.
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18
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Lafront C, Germain L, Weidmann C, Audet-Walsh É. A Systematic Study of the Impact of Estrogens and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators on Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4024. [PMID: 32132580 PMCID: PMC7055213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen signaling pathway has been reported to modulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression through the activity of estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ). Given that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are used to treat breast cancer, ERs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets in PCa. However, many inconsistencies regarding the expression of ERs and the efficacy of SERMs for PCa treatment exist, notably due to the use of ERβ antibodies lacking specificity and treatments with high SERM concentrations leading to off-target effects. To end this confusion, our objective was to study the impact of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic ligands in well-studied in vitro PCa models with appropriate controls, dosages, and ER subtype-specific antibodies. When using physiologically relevant concentrations of nine estrogenic/anti-estrogenic compounds, including five SERMs, we observed no significant modulation of PCa cell proliferation. Using RNA-seq and validated antibodies, we demonstrate that these PCa models do not express ERs. In contrast, RNA-seq from PCa samples from patients have detectable expression of ERα. Overall, our study reveals that commonly used PCa models are inappropriate to study ERs and indicate that usage of alternative models is essential to properly assess the roles of the estrogen signaling pathway in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lafront
- Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) of Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Lucas Germain
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) of Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of biochemistry, microbiology and bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) of Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) of Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
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Wan B, Liu B, Huang Y, Lv C. Identification of genes of prognostic value in the ccRCC microenvironment from TCGA database. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1159. [PMID: 32012488 PMCID: PMC7196483 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Bioinformatics analyses were used to screen candidate genes associated with the prognosis and microenvironment of ccRCC and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Methods The gene expression profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to compute the immune and stromal scores of patients. Based on the median immune/stromal scores, all patients were sorted into low‐ and high‐immune/stromal score groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from high‐ versus low‐immune/stromal score groups and were described using functional annotations and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network. Results Patients in the high‐immune/stromal score group had poorer survival outcome. In total, 95 DEGs (48 upregulated and 47 downregulated genes) were screened from the gene expression profiles of patients with high immune and stromal scores. The genes were primarily involved in six signaling pathways. Among the 95 DEGs, 43 were markedly related to overall survival of patients. The PPI network identified the top 10 hub genes—CD19, CD79A, IL10, IGLL5, POU2AF1, CCL19, AMBP, CCL18, CCL21, and IGJ—and four modules. Enrichment analyses revealed that the genes in the most important module were involved in the B‐cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion This study mainly revealed the relationship between the ccRCC microenvironment and prognosis of patients. These results also increase the understanding of how gene expression patterns can impact the prognosis and development of ccRCC by modulating the tumor microenvironment. The results could contribute to the search for ccRCC biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cai Lv
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Mahdavi M, Azadbakht M, Vahdati A, Shokrzadeh M, Farhadi A. Cytotoxic Effects of Juglone and Pterocarya fraxinifolia on Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2019; 11:195-204. [PMID: 31555025 PMCID: PMC6662039 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_203_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Juglone with naphthoquinone structure has medicinal properties and its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects have been proven. In this research, the cytotoxic and apoptosis effects of juglone and Pterocarya fraxinifolia (PF) methanolic extract on human prostate cancer cells were studied. Materials and Methods: The PC3 and DU145 human cancer cells and normal cells of primary prostate epithelial cells (ATCC PCS-440-010) were treated with juglone and PF extract at the concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL for 24, 48, 72, and 96h. The morphological changes were examined by reversed microscope. The survival percentage of cell lines was evaluated by MTT (3,4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. The rate of apoptosis and expression of AR and CLU genes were examined by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: All concentrations after 24h caused morphological changes in PC3 and DU145 cells, and these changes were intensified after 48, 72, and 96h. Also, concentrations of 100 and 500 μg/mL caused morphological changes in normal cells. The results of MTT test showed a significant decrease in PC3 and DU145 cell survival rate at 50, 100, and 500 μg/mL concentrations (P < 0.05). Juglone at 10 μg/mL concentration induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Juglone and PF could decrease the growth of cancer cell lines through the mitochondrial pathway. So PF could be considered as a potential candidate for therapeutic herbal medicine in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azadbakht
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayub Farhadi
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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Toren P, Hoffman A, Ding K, Joncas FH, Turcotte V, Caron P, Pouliot F, Fradet Y, Lévesque É, Guillemette C, Klotz L. Serum Sex Steroids as Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Post Hoc Analysis of the PR.7 Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5305-5312. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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