1
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Qiu M, Yu C, Zhu S, Hu C, Yang L, Song X, Xia B, Jiang X, Du H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Yang C. Characterization of circRNA expression profiles associated with non-Mendelian inheritance in feather growth of chickens. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:371-377. [PMID: 38717938 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2339485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
1. Non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, play a crucial role in chicken feather growth rate. However, circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles in fast- and slow-feathering chickens that follow and do not follow Mendelian inheritance are unclear.2. The circRNA expression profiles was analysed by RNA sequencing of hair follicles of slow-feathering chickens that follow genetic rules and fast-feathering chickens that did not follow genetic rules. Differentially expressed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was then constructed and the key factors and regulation mechanisms controlling feather growth rate were identified.3. The results revealed that 67 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in hens, including 22 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated circRNAs in non-Mendelian inheritance-mediated fast-feathering hens compared with Mendelian inheritance-mediated slow-feathering hens. In addition, 16 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in cockerels, including nine up-regulated and seven down-regulated circRNAs in non-Mendelian inheritance-mediated fast- compared with Mendelian inheritance-mediated slow-feathering cocks. Moreover, circRNA-mediated ceRNA regulation of hair follicle formation was particularly abundant in the Jak-STAT, Wnt and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Furthermore, circABI3BP was seen to be a crucial circRNA in regulating feather growth rate, by binding with gga-miR-1649-5p to regulate SSTR2 expression.4. In conclusion, this study analysed circRNA expression profiles in fast- and slow-feathering chickens that follow and do not follow Mendelian inheritance, which laid the foundation for understanding the role of circRNA in chicken feather growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qiu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - C Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Zhu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - C Hu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - L Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - X Song
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - B Xia
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - X Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - H Du
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - C Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
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2
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Banks CM, Trott JF, Hovey RC. The prolactin receptor: A cross-species comparison of gene structure, transcriptional regulation, tissue-specificity, and genetic variation. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13385. [PMID: 38586906 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The conserved and multifaceted functions of prolactin (PRL) are coordinated through varied distribution and expression of its cell-surface receptor (PRLR) across a range of tissues and physiological states. The resultant heterogeneous expression of PRLR mRNA and protein across different organs and cell types supports a wide range of PRL-regulated processes including reproduction, lactation, development, and homeostasis. Genetic variation within the PRLR gene also accounts for several phenotypes impacting agricultural production and human pathology. The goal of this review is to highlight the many elements that control differential expression of the PRLR across tissues, and the various phenotypes that exist across species due to variation in the PRLR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Banks
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Shen Q, Li J, Bao H, Wu C. Identification of Duplication Genotypes of the Feathering Rate Gene in Chicken by a Multiplex PCR Following Electrophoresis and/or Sanger Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061091. [PMID: 36978632 PMCID: PMC10044632 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-linked phenotypes of late feathering (LF) and early feathering (EF) are controlled by a pair of alleles K and k+. Autosexing based on the feathering rate is widely used in poultry production. It is reported that a tandem duplication of 176,324 base pairs linked to the K locus is responsible for LF expression and could be used as a molecular marker to detect LF chicken. So far, there is no genotyping method that can accurately and stably identify the LF homozygote and heterozygote in all chicken breeds. In the present study, a multiplex PCR test was developed to identify EF, LF homozygote, and heterozygote according to electrophoretic bands and the relative height of the peaks by Sanger sequencing. We tested 413 chickens of six native Chinese breeds with this method. The identification was consistent with the sex and phenotype records of the chickens. Band density analysis was performed, and the results supported our genotyping using the new assay. In order to further verify the accuracy of this test in distinguishing homozygote and heterozygote males, 152 LF males were mated with EF females, and the results of the offspring's phenotypes were consistent with our expectations. Our results support tandem duplication as molecular markers of LF, and this new test is applicable to all LF chickens associated with tandem duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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5
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Mo G, Hu B, Wei P, Luo Q, Zhang X. The Role of Chicken Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Their Receptors in the Immune System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900041. [PMID: 35910654 PMCID: PMC9331192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) exhibit important roles in the immune system maintenance. In poultry, PRL mainly plays its roles in nesting, hatching, and reproduction, while GH is primarily responding to body weight, fat formation and feed conversion. In this review, we attempt to provide a critical overview of the relationship between PRL and GH, PRLR and GHR, and the immune response of poultry. We also propose a hypothesis that PRL, GH and their receptors might be used by viruses as viral receptors. This may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of viral infection and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Karimi P, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Salehi A, Izadnia HR. Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential roles of long non-coding RNAs in feed efficiency of chicken. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2558. [PMID: 35169237 PMCID: PMC8847365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency is an important economic trait and reduces the production costs per unit of animal product. Up to now, few studies have conducted transcriptome profiling of liver tissue in feed efficiency-divergent chickens (Ross vs native breeds). Also, molecular mechanisms contributing to differences in feed efficiency are not fully understood, especially in terms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Hence, transcriptome profiles of liver tissue in commercial and native chicken breeds were analyzed. RNA-Seq data along with bioinformatics approaches were applied and a series of lncRNAs and target genes were identified. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction network construction, co-expression analysis, co-localization analysis of QTLs and functional enrichment analysis were used to functionally annotate the identified lncRNAs. In total, 2,290 lncRNAs were found (including 1,110 annotated, 593 known and 587 novel), of which 53 (including 39 known and 14 novel), were identified as differentially expressed genes between two breeds. The expression profile of lncRNAs was validated by RT-qPCR. The identified novel lncRNAs showed a number of characteristics similar to those of known lncRNAs. Target prediction analysis showed that these lncRNAs have the potential to act in cis or trans mode. Functional enrichment analysis of the predicted target genes revealed that they might affect the differences in feed efficiency of chicken by modulating genes associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, growth, energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Some gene members of significant modules in the constructed co-expression networks were reported as important genes related to feed efficiency. Co-localization analysis of QTLs related to feed efficiency and the identified lncRNAs suggested several candidates to be involved in residual feed intake. The findings of this study provided valuable resources to further clarify the genetic basis of regulation of feed efficiency in chicken from the perspective of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Karimi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Salehi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Izadnia
- Animal Science Improvement Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Safiabad AREEO, Dezful, Iran
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7
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Mo G, Hu B, Zhang Q, Ruan Z, Li W, Liang J, Shen Y, Mo Z, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Shi M, Zhang X. dPRLR causes differences in immune responses between early and late feathering chickens after ALV-J infection. Vet Res 2022; 53:1. [PMID: 34998433 PMCID: PMC8742939 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the differences in immune responses between early feathering (EF) and late feathering (LF) chickens after infection with avian leukosis virus, subgroup J (ALV-J), we monitored the levels of prolactin, growth hormone and the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM in the serum of LF and EF chickens for 8 weeks. Moreover, we analysed the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and the expression of PRLR, SPEF2 and dPRLR in the immune organs and DF-1 cells by qRT–PCR. The results showed that ALV-J infection affected the expression of prolactin, growth hormone, IgG and IgM in the serum. Regardless of whether LF and EF chickens were infected with ALV-J, the serum levels of the two hormones and two immunoglobulins in EF chickens were higher than those in LF chickens (P < 0.05). However, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of positive LF chickens was higher than that in the spleen of positive EF chickens. In the four immune organs, PRLR and SPEF2 expression was also higher in LF chickens than in EF chickens. Furthermore, the dPRLR expression of positive LF chickens was higher than that of negative LF chickens. After infection with ALV-J, the expression of PRLR in DF-1 cells significantly increased. In addition, overexpression of PRLR or dPRLR in DF-1 cells promoted replication of ALV-J. These results suggested that the susceptibility of LF chickens to ALV-J might be induced by dPRLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuohao Ruan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Liang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizi Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Mo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuyue Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Mo G, Hu B, Wang G, Xie T, Fu H, Zhang Q, Fu R, Feng M, Luo W, Li H, Nie Q, Zhang X. Prolactin affects the disappearance of ALV-J viremia in vivo and inhibits viral infection. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109205. [PMID: 34391195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on the RNA-seq data of chicken spleen tissues infected with J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), we found that prolactin (PRL) gene was one of differentially expressed gene. We measured ALV-J viremia and PRL levels in the plasma of two groups of ALV-J-infected adult chickens. Furthermore, recombinant chicken PRL (cPRL) was used to assess how cPRL affects ALV-J virus replication both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that PRL levels in the plasma of adult chickens infected with ALV-J were lower than those of uninfected chickens, and that the difference was more significant in the avian leukemia pathological apparent changes. Notably, the fluctuations in PRL levels might influence the disappearance of ALV-J viremia in chickens. The in vitro results showed that preincubating DF-1 cells with cPRL before ALV-J infection elicited the best antiviral effects. Moreover, these effects were not dose-dependent. in vivo, injection of cPRL into ALV-J-infected chicks could reduce the levels of viremia at the 14 days post infection (dpi). Additionally, the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OSAL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased, and that of the proinflammatory cytokine-encoding TNTα, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes decreased in the spleens of ALV-J-infected chicks injected with cPRL, leading to inhibition of viral replication at the 7 dpi. Collectively, our data demonstrated that PRL plays an important antiviral role in the immune response to ALV-J infection. This is the first report of the relationship between ALV-J infection and PRL. It is of great significance for the prevention and control of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiyan Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Huali Fu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Liu X, Wu Z, Li J, Bao H, Wu C. Genome-Wide Association Study and Transcriptome Differential Expression Analysis of the Feather Rate in Shouguang Chickens. Front Genet 2021; 11:613078. [PMID: 33414812 PMCID: PMC7783405 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.613078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The feather rate phenotype in chicks, including early-feathering and late-feathering phenotypes, are widely used as a sexing system in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to obtain candidate genes associated with the feather rate in Shouguang chickens. In the present study, we collected 56 blood samples and 12 hair follicle samples of flight feathers from female Shouguang chickens. Then we identified the chromosome region associated with the feather rate by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). We also performed RNA sequencing and analyzed differentially expressed genes between the early-feathering and late-feathering phenotypes using HISAT2, StringTie, and DESeq2. We identified a genomic region of 10.0–13.0 Mb of chromosome Z, which is statistically associated with the feather rate of Shouguang chickens at one-day old. After RNA sequencing analysis, 342 differentially expressed known genes between the early-feathering (EF) and late-feathering (LF) phenotypes were screened out, which were involved in epithelial cell differentiation, intermediate filament organization, protein serine kinase activity, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, retinoic acid binding, and so on. The sperm flagellar 2 gene (SPEF2) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were the only two overlapping genes between the results of GWAS and differential expression analysis, which implies that SPEF2 and PRLR are possible candidate genes for the formation of the chicken feathering phenotype in the present study. Our findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the feather rate in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Mason AS, Lund AR, Hocking PM, Fulton JE, Burt DW. Identification and characterisation of endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in chicken whole genome sequencing data. Mob DNA 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 32617122 PMCID: PMC7325683 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-020-00216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the remnants of retroviral infections which can elicit prolonged genomic and immunological stress on their host organism. In chickens, endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup E (ALVE) expression has been associated with reductions in muscle growth rate and egg production, as well as providing the potential for novel recombinant viruses. However, ALVEs can remain in commercial stock due to their incomplete identification and association with desirable traits, such as ALVE21 and slow feathering. The availability of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data facilitates high-throughput identification and characterisation of these retroviral remnants. Results We have developed obsERVer, a new bioinformatic ERV identification pipeline which can identify ALVEs in WGS data without further sequencing. With this pipeline, 20 ALVEs were identified across eight elite layer lines from Hy-Line International, including four novel integrations and characterisation of a fast feathered phenotypic revertant that still contained ALVE21. These bioinformatically detected sites were subsequently validated using new high-throughput KASP assays, which showed that obsERVer was highly precise and exhibited a 0% false discovery rate. A further fifty-seven diverse chicken WGS datasets were analysed for their ALVE content, identifying a total of 322 integration sites, over 80% of which were novel. Like exogenous ALV, ALVEs show site preference for proximity to protein-coding genes, but also exhibit signs of selection against deleterious integrations within genes. Conclusions obsERVer is a highly precise and broadly applicable pipeline for identifying retroviral integrations in WGS data. ALVE identification in commercial layers has aided development of high-throughput diagnostic assays which will aid ALVE management, with the aim to eventually eradicate ALVEs from high performance lines. Analysis of non-commercial chicken datasets with obsERVer has revealed broad ALVE diversity and facilitates the study of the biological effects of these ERVs in wild and domesticated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mason
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK.,York Biomedical Research Institute, The Department of Biology, The University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ashlee R Lund
- Hy-Line International, 2583 240th Street, Dallas Center, Iowa, 50063 USA
| | - Paul M Hocking
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Janet E Fulton
- Hy-Line International, 2583 240th Street, Dallas Center, Iowa, 50063 USA
| | - David W Burt
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 Australia
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11
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Mason AS, Miedzinska K, Kebede A, Bamidele O, Al-Jumaili AS, Dessie T, Hanotte O, Smith J. Diversity of endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in indigenous chickens. Genet Sel Evol 2020; 52:29. [PMID: 32487054 PMCID: PMC7268647 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions are endogenous retroviruses (ERV) that are restricted to the domestic chicken and its wild progenitor. In commercial chickens, ALVE are known to have a detrimental effect on productivity and provide a source for recombination with exogenous retroviruses. The wider diversity of ALVE in non-commercial chickens and the role of these elements in ERV-derived immunity (EDI) are yet to be investigated. Results In total, 974 different ALVE were identified from 407 chickens sampled from village populations in Ethiopia, Iraq, and Nigeria, using the recently developed obsERVer bioinformatics identification pipeline. Eighty-eight percent of all identified ALVE were novel, bringing the known number of ALVE integrations to more than 1300 across all analysed chickens. ALVE content was highly lineage-specific and populations generally exhibited a large diversity of ALVE at low frequencies, which is typical for ERV involved in EDI. A significantly larger number of ALVE was found within or near coding regions than expected by chance, although a relative depletion of ALVE was observed within coding regions, which likely reflects selection against deleterious integrations. These effects were less pronounced than in previous analyses of chickens from commercial lines. Conclusions Identification of more than 850 novel ALVE has trebled the known diversity of these retroviral elements. This work provides the basis for future studies to fully quantify the role of ALVE in immunity against exogenous ALV, and development of programmes to improve the productivity and welfare of chickens in developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mason
- The University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. .,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Miedzinska
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adebabay Kebede
- LiveGene-CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Oladeji Bamidele
- African Chicken Genetic Gains, Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo, Ile Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed S Al-Jumaili
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- LiveGene-CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- LiveGene-CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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12
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Li J, Xu H, Liu X, Xu H, Cai Y, Lan X. Insight into the Possible Formation Mechanism of the Intersex Phenotype of Lanzhou Fat-Tailed Sheep Using Whole-Genome Resequencing. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060944. [PMID: 32486017 PMCID: PMC7341509 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Individuals with hermaphroditism are a serious hazard to animal husbandry and production due to their abnormal fertility. The molecular mechanism of sheep intersex formation was unclear. This study was the first to locate the homologous sequence of the goat polled intersex syndrome (PIS) region in sheep and found that the intersex traits of Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep were not caused by the lack of this region. By detecting the selective sweep regions, vital genes associated with androgen biosynthesis and the follicle stimulating hormone response entry were found, including steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 (SRD5A2), and pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator (PAWR). Additionally, the copy number variations of the four regions on chr9, chr1, chr4, and chr16 may affect the expression of the gonadal development genes, zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 (ZFPM2), LIM homeobox 8 (LHX8), inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2 (IMMP2L) and slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), respectively, and further affect the formation of intersex traits. Abstract Intersex, also known as hermaphroditism, is a serious hazard to animal husbandry and production. The mechanism of ovine intersex formation is not clear. Therefore, genome-wide resequencing on the only two intersex and two normal Lanzhou fat-tailed (LFT) sheep, an excellent but endangered Chinese indigenous sheep breed, was performed. Herein, the deletion of homologous sequences of the goat polled intersex syndrome (PIS) region (8787 bp, 247747059–247755846) on chromosome 1 of the LFT sheep was not the cause of the ovine intersex trait. By detecting the selective sweep regions, we found that the genes related to androgen biosynthesis and follicle stimulating hormone response items, such as steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 (SRD5A2), steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3 (SRD5A3), and pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator (PAWR), may be involved in the formation of intersex traits. Furthermore, the copy number variations of the four regions, chr9: 71660801–71662800, chr1: 50776001–50778000, chr4: 58119201–58121600, and chr16: 778801–780800, may affect the expression of the zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 (ZFPM2), LIM homeobox 8 (LHX8), inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2 (IMMP2L) and slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) genes, respectively, which contribute to the appearance of intersex traits. These results may supply a theoretical basis for the timely detection and elimination of intersex individuals in sheep, which could accelerate the healthy development of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Han Xu
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (X.L.)
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Hongwei Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Yong Cai
- Science Experimental Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (X.L.)
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13
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Hansen PJ. Prospects for gene introgression or gene editing as a strategy for reduction of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 154:190-202. [PMID: 32622199 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, genetic variation exists in regulation of body temperature and stabilization of cellular function during heat stress. There are opportunities to reduce the impact of heat stress on cattle production by identifying the causative mutations responsible for genetic variation in thermotolerance and transferring specific alleles that confer thermotolerance to breeds not adapted to hot climates. An example of a mutation conferring superior ability to regulate body temperature is the group of frame-sift mutations in the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) that lead to a truncated receptor and development of cattle with a short, sleek hair coat. Slick mutations in PRLR have been found in several extant breeds derived from criollo cattle. The slick mutation in Senepol cattle has been introgressed into dairy cattle in Puerto Rico, Florida and New Zealand. An example of a mutation that confers cellular protection against elevated body temperature is a deletion mutation in the promoter region of a heat shock protein 70 gene called HSPA1L. Inheritance of the mutation results in amplification of the transcriptional response of HSPA1L to heat shock and increased cell survival. The case of PRLR provides a promising example of the efficacy of the genetic approach outlined in this paper. Identification of other mutations conferring thermotolerance at the whole-animal or cellular level will lead to additional opportunities for using genetic solutions to reduce the impact of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, USA.
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14
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Okamura A, Masumoto A, Takenouchi A, Kudo T, Aizawa S, Ogoshi M, Takahashi S, Tsudzuki M, Takeuchi S. Changes in prolactin receptor homodimer availability may cause late feathering in chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 272:109-116. [PMID: 30594591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chicken early (EF) and late feathering (LF) are sex-linked phenotypes conferred by wild-type k+ and dominant K alleles on chromosome Z, respectively. Besides prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) and sperm flagellar 2 (SPEF2) genes, the K allele contains a fusion gene in which partially duplicated PRLR (dPRLR) and SPEF2 (dSPEF2) genes are linked in a tail-to-tail manner. The causative dPRLR gene encodes a C-terminal truncated receptor. LF chickens have short or no primaries at hatching; however, their feather growth rate is higher than that of EF chickens. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis of the K allele's biphasic effect on feather development. By 3'RACE and RT-PCR analyses, we demonstrated that dSPEF2 gene transcription occurred beyond all coding exons of the dPRLR gene on the opposite strand and that dPRLR mRNA was less abundant than PRLR mRNA. In addition, a 5'UTR splice variant (SPV) of PRL receptor mRNAs was increased in LF chickens. In vitro expression analysis of 5'UTR linked to the luciferase reporter gene revealed higher translation efficiency of SPV. RT-qPCR showed that the dPRLR mRNA level was higher in embryos; conversely, SPV was higher in hatched chickens, as was dSPEF2 mRNA. These findings suggest that the K allele inhibits feather development at the fetal stage by expressing dPRLR to attenuate PRLR function and promotes feather growth after hatching by increasing PRLR through dSPEF2 mRNA expression. Increased SPV may cause greater feather growth than that in EF chickens by increasing the availability of PRLR homodimers and enhancing PRL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Okamura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayane Masumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takenouchi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Japanese Avian Bioresource Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nakaku, Nishikawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Sayaka Aizawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maho Ogoshi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sumio Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaoki Tsudzuki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Japanese Avian Bioresource Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Sakae Takeuchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Kitaku, Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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15
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Su LN, Li H, Tan SW, Fang GJ, Yu H, Yang YL. Mechanisms of early- and late-feathering in Qingyuan partridge chickens. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1645619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Wen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Gui Jun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ya Lan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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16
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Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Q, Du X, Ge L, Zhou R, Li L, Li X. Analysis of a genetic factors contributing to feathering phenotype in chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3405-3413. [PMID: 29924355 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we sought to determine whether or not the endogenous retroviral ev21 influences feathering type of chickens, and if one mutation locus in the unoccupied repeat (UR) region can be used to predict the corresponding feathering type and genotype. The distribution of ev21 as well as the mutation locus in UR and occupied site (OR) regions was detected in HY-line gray progenitor (HYGP) 4 lines, HY-line brown (HYB) and Taihang chickens (TH). Furthermore, a detection method for the genotype resulting in late feathering (LF) phenotype was developed by double PCR using C line of HYGP, C line of Dawu progenitor, commercial line of HY-line gray (HYG) males, LF males of TH and Bashang long-tail chickens (BS). Results indicated that a product of 7590 bp from the long fragment amplification was observed to be a partial segment of ev21, and was linked with the LF phenotype in HYGP but not in HYB and TH chickens. A total of 2 of 35 males and 10 of 29 females of TH LF chickens were found to be ev21 negative. HaeIII RFLP mutations of 1450 bp of UR, 1440 bp of OR, and 538 bp in the UR and OR common region were analyzed, and genotypic features at the locus correlated with the feathering type phenotype in HYGP, but exhibited no significant effects in HYB and TH chickens. The cut-off of relative intensity of 857 and 1305 bp from the double PCR for distinction between homozygous and heterozygous LF males was 1.37. In conclusion, ev21 and the HaeIII RFLP patterns within the locus in UR cannot be used for prediction of feathering type phenotypes in Chinese heritage chickens. However, the partial duplication of PRLR and SPEF2 were able to predict the LF phenotype. Therefore, the double PCR detecting products of 857 and 1305 bp described herein could be used for the accurate identification of genotypes influencing feathering type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lechao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xiaolong Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Linhan Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Rongyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lanhui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600, China
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17
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Takenouchi A, Toshishige M, Ito N, Tsudzuki M. Endogenous viral gene ev21 is not responsible for the expression of late feathering in chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:403-411. [PMID: 29253229 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The late-feathering (LF) gene K on the Z chromosome is an important gene in the chicken industry, which is frequently utilized for the feather sexing, a type of autosexing, of neonatal chicks. The K gene is closely associated with the endogenous ev21 gene from an avian leukosis virus and the incomplete duplication (ID) of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and sperm flagellar protein 2 (SPEF2) genes, and ev21 has been used as a molecular marker to detect LF birds. In the present study, a comprehensive survey for the presence or absence of ev21 and ID across 1,994 birds from 52 chicken breeds, three commercial hybrid groups, and the Red Jungle Fowl revealed that almost all LF breeds have both ev21 and ID. However, only one LF breed (Ingie) has only ID and no ev21. Moreover, this study revealed that almost all early (normal)-feathering (EF) breeds lack both ev21 and ID, but only one breed (White Plymouth Rock) included EF birds with ev21 but no ID. Therefore, regarding LF expression, the results indicated that ID is responsible, but ev21 is not required. Henceforth, ID should be used as a molecular marker to detect LF birds instead of ev21. Because ev21 contains the full genome of an avian leukosis virus, there is a risk of disease development in breeds with this gene. Therefore, the Ingie breed, which has no ev21 at the K locus, represents excellent material for the establishment of new LF stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takenouchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - M Toshishige
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - N Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.,Yamaguchi Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry General Technology Center, Mine, Yamaguchi 759-2221, Japan
| | - M Tsudzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.,Japanese Avian Bioresource Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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18
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Fang G, Jia X, Li H, Tan S, Nie Q, Yu H, Yang Y. Characterization of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in skin tissue between early-feathering and late-feathering chickens. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:399. [PMID: 29801437 PMCID: PMC5970437 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early feathering and late feathering in chickens are sex-linked phenotypes, which have commercial application in the poultry industry for sexing chicks at hatch and have important impacts on performance traits. However, the genetic mechanism controlling feather development and feathering patterns is unclear. Here, miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in chicken wing skin tissues were analysed through high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing, aiming to understand the biological process of follicle development and the formation of different feathering phenotypes. Results Compared to the N1 group with no primary feathers extending out, 2893 genes and 31 miRNAs displayed significantly different expression in the F1 group with primary feathers longer than primary-covert feathers, and 1802 genes and 11 miRNAs in the L2 group displayed primary feathers shorter than primary-covert feathers. Only 201 altered genes and 3 altered miRNAs were identified between the N1 and L2 groups (fold change > 2, q value < 0.01). Both sequencing and qPCR tests revealed that PRLR was significantly decreased in the F1 and L2 groups compared to the N1 group, whereas SPEF2 was significantly decreased in the F1 group compared to the N1 or L2 group. Functional analysis revealed that the altered genes or targets of altered miRNAs were involved in multiple biological processes and pathways related to feather growth and development, such as the Wnt signalling pathway, the TGF-beta signalling pathway, the MAPK signalling pathway, epithelial cell differentiation, and limb development. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA showed that 14 pairs of miRNA-mRNA negatively interacted in the process of feather formation. Conclusions Transcriptomic sequencing of wing skin tissues revealed large changes in F1 vs. N1 and L2 vs. N1, but few changes in F1 vs. L2 for both miRNA and mRNA expression. PRLR might only contribute to follicle development, while SPEF2 was highly related to the growth rate of primary feathers or primary-covert feathers and could be responsible for early and late feather formation. Interactions between miR-1574-5p/NR2F, miR-365-5p/JAK3 and miR-365-5p/CDK6 played important roles in hair or feather formation. In all, our results provide novel evidence to understand the molecular regulation of follicle development and feathering phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4773-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Fang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinzheng Jia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Limited Company, Qingyuan, 511827, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuwen Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Limited Company, Qingyuan, 511827, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Limited Company, Qingyuan, 511827, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong, China
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19
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Derks MFL, Herrero-Medrano JM, Crooijmans RPMA, Vereijken A, Long JA, Megens HJ, Groenen MAM. Early and late feathering in turkey and chicken: same gene but different mutations. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:7. [PMID: 29566646 PMCID: PMC5863816 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-linked slow (SF) and fast (FF) feathering rates at hatch have been widely used in poultry breeding for autosexing at hatch. In chicken, the sex-linked K (SF) and k+ (FF) alleles are responsible for the feathering rate phenotype. Allele K is dominant and a partial duplication of the prolactin receptor gene has been identified as the causal mutation. Interestingly, some domesticated turkey lines exhibit similar slow- and fast-feathering phenotypes, but the underlying genetic components and causal mutation have never been investigated. In this study, our aim was to investigate the molecular basis of feathering rate at hatch in domestic turkey. RESULTS We performed a sequence-based case-control association study and detected a genomic region on chromosome Z, which is statistically associated with rate of feathering at hatch in turkey. We identified a 5-bp frameshift deletion in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene that is responsible for slow feathering at hatch. All female cases (SF turkeys) were hemizygous for this deletion, while 188 controls (FF turkeys) were hemizygous or homozygous for the reference allele. This frameshift mutation introduces a premature stop codon and six novel amino acids (AA), which results in a truncated PRLR protein that lacks 98 C-terminal AA. CONCLUSIONS We present the causal mutation for feathering rate in turkey that causes a partial C-terminal loss of the prolactin receptor, and this truncated PRLR protein is strikingly similar to the protein encoded by the slow feathering K allele in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn F L Derks
- Wageningen University and Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juan M Herrero-Medrano
- Wageningen University and Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P M A Crooijmans
- Wageningen University and Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Addie Vereijken
- Hendrix Genetics Turkeys, Technolgy and Service B.V., P.O. Box 114, 5830 AC, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Julie A Long
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Wageningen University and Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Wageningen University and Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhao J, Yao J, Li F, Yang Z, Sun Z, Qu L, Wang K, Su Y, Zhang A, Montgomery SA, Geng T, Cui H. Identification of candidate genes for chicken early- and late-feathering. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1498-1503. [PMID: 27081197 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that prolactin receptor (Prlr) is a potential causative gene for chicken early- (EF) and late-feathering (LF) phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated candidate genes for this trait and determined the expression of 3 genes, including Prlr, sperm flagellar protein 2 (Spef2), and their fusion gene, in the skins of one-day-old EF and LF chicks using RT-qPCR. Data indicated that Prlr expression in the skin did not show significant difference between EF and LF chicks, suggesting Prlr may not be a suitable candidate gene. In contrast, Spef2 expression in the skin displayed a significant difference between EF and LF chicks (P < 0.01), suggesting that Spef2 may be a good candidate gene for chicken feathering. Moreover, dPrlr/dSpef2, the fusion gene, was also a good candidate gene as it was expressed only in LF chicks. However, the expression of the fusion gene was much lower than that of Prlr Additionally, using strand-specific primers, we found that the fusion gene was transcribed in 2 directions (one from dPrlr promoter, another from dSpef2 promoter), which could result in the formation of a double strand RNA. In conclusion, both Spef2 and the fusion gene are good candidate genes for chicken feathering, but Prlr is not. The research on the function and regulation of the candidate genes will help elucidate the molecular basis of the chicken feathering trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - J Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - F Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Z Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Z Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - L Qu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - K Wang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - Y Su
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - A Zhang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, China
| | - S A Montgomery
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - H Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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21
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Bu G, Liang X, Li J, Wang Y. Extra-pituitary prolactin (PRL) and prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) in chickens and zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 220:143-53. [PMID: 25683198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that in vertebrates, prolactin (PRL) is predominantly synthesized and released by pituitary lactotrophs and plays important roles in many physiological processes via activation of PRL receptor (PRLR), including water and electrolyte balance, reproduction, growth and development, metabolism, immuno-modulation, and behavior. However, there is increasing evidence showing that PRL and the newly identified 'prolactin-like protein (PRL-L)', a novel ligand of PRL receptor, are also expressed in a variety of extra-pituitary tissues, such as the brain, skin, ovary, and testes in non-mammalian vertebrates. In this brief review, we summarize the recent research progress on the structure, biological activities, and extra-pituitary expression of PRL and PRL-L in chickens (Gallus gallus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) from our and other laboratories and briefly discuss their potential paracrine/autocrine roles in non-mammalian vertebrates, which may promote us to rethink the broad spectrum of PRL actions previously attributed to pituitary PRL only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Bu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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22
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Functionally reciprocal mutations of the prolactin signalling pathway define hairy and slick cattle. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5861. [PMID: 25519203 PMCID: PMC4284646 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactation, hair development and homeothermy are characteristic evolutionary features that define mammals from other vertebrate species. Here we describe the discovery of two autosomal dominant mutations with antagonistic, pleiotropic effects on all three of these biological processes, mediated through the prolactin signalling pathway. Most conspicuously, mutations in prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have an impact on thermoregulation and hair morphology phenotypes, giving prominence to this pathway outside of its classical roles in lactation. The hormone prolactin is a known modulator of mammalian lactation and hair growth. Here, the authors describe two dominant mutations in bovine prolactin and its receptor, demonstrating antagonistic effects on these traits and highlighting a role for this pathway in sweat gland function and thermoregulation.
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23
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Meng F, Huang G, Gao S, Li J, Yan Z, Wang Y. Identification of the receptors for somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CST) in chickens and investigation of the roles of cSST28, cSST14, and cCST14 in inhibiting cGHRH1-27NH2-induced growth hormone secretion in cultured chicken pituitary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:83-95. [PMID: 24418361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are proposed to mediate the actions of somatostatin (SST) and its related peptide, cortistatin (CST), in vertebrates. However, the identity, functionality, and tissue expression of these receptors remain largely unknown in most non-mammalian vertebrates including birds. In this study, five SSTRs (named cSSTR1, cSSTR2, cSSTR3, cSSTR4, cSSTR5) were cloned from chicken brain by RT-PCR. Using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system, we demonstrated that activation of each cSSTR expressed in CHO cells by cSST28, cSST14 and cCST14 treatment could inhibit forskolin-induced luciferase activity of CHO cells, indicating the functional coupling of all cSSTRs to Gi protein(s). Interestingly, cSSTR1-4 expressed in CHO cells could be activated by cSST28, cSST14 and cCST14 with high potencies, suggesting that they may function as the receptors common for these peptides. In contrast, cSSTR5 could be potently activated by cSST28 only, indicating that it is a cSST28-specific receptor. Using RT-PCR, wide expression of cSSTRs was detected in chicken tissues including pituitary. In accordance with their expression in pituitary, cSST28, cSST14, and cCST14 were demonstrated to inhibit basal and novel cGHRH1-27NH2-induced GH secretion in cultured chicken pituitary cells dose-dependently (0-10nM) by Western blot analysis, suggesting the involvement of cSSTR(s) common for these peptides in mediating their inhibitory actions. Collectively, our study establishes a molecular basis to elucidate the roles of SST/CST in birds and provide insights into the roles of SST/CST in vertebrates, such as their conserved actions on pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Shunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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24
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Copy Number Variation in Chickens: A Review and Future Prospects. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:24-38. [PMID: 27605028 PMCID: PMC5003453 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequence variations include nucleotide substitution, deletion, insertion, translocation and inversion. Deletion or insertion of a large DNA segment in the genome, referred to as copy number variation (CNV), has caught the attention of many researchers recently. It is believed that CNVs contribute significantly to genome variability, and thus contribute to phenotypic variability. In chickens, genome-wide surveys with array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH), SNP chip detection or whole genome sequencing have revealed a large number of CNVs. A large portion of chicken CNVs involves protein coding or regulatory sequences. A few CNVs have been demonstrated to be the determinant factors for single gene traits, such as late-feathering, pea-comb and dermal hyperpigmentation. The phenotypic effects of the majority of chicken CNVs are to be delineated.
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