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Rescue of Vasopressin Synthesis in Magnocellular Neurons of the Supraoptic Nucleus Normalises Acute Stress-Induced Adrenocorticotropin Secretion and Unmasks an Effect on Social Behaviour in Male Vasopressin-Deficient Brattleboro Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031357. [PMID: 35163282 PMCID: PMC8836014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of vasopressin (AVP) of magnocellular origin to the regulation of the endocrine stress axis and related behaviour is still under discussion. We aimed to obtain deeper insight into this process. To rescue magnocellular AVP synthesis, a vasopressin-containing adeno-associated virus vector (AVP-AAV) was injected into the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats (di/di). We compared +/+, di/di, and AVP-AAV treated di/di male rats. The AVP-AAV treatment rescued the AVP synthesis in the SON both morphologically and functionally. It also rescued the peak of adrenocorticotropin release triggered by immune and metabolic challenges without affecting corticosterone levels. The elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary of di/di-rats were diminished by the AVP-AAV-treatment. The altered c-Fos synthesis in di/di-rats in response to a metabolic stressor was normalised by AVP-AAV in both the SON and medial amygdala (MeA), but not in the central and basolateral amygdala or lateral hypothalamus. In vitro electrophysiological recordings showed an AVP-induced inhibition of MeA neurons that was prevented by picrotoxin administration, supporting the possible regulatory role of AVP originating in the SON. A memory deficit in the novel object recognition test seen in di/di animals remained unaffected by AVP-AAV treatment. Interestingly, although di/di rats show intact social investigation and aggression, the SON AVP-AAV treatment resulted in an alteration of these social behaviours. AVP released from the magnocellular SON neurons may stimulate adrenocorticotropin secretion in response to defined stressors and might participate in the fine-tuning of social behaviour with a possible contribution from the MeA.
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Török B, Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Zelena D. Epigenetic Modulation of Vasopressin Expression in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179415. [PMID: 34502322 PMCID: PMC8430944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin is a ubiquitous molecule playing an important role in a wide range of physiological processes thereby implicated in the pathomechanism of many disorders. Its effect is well characterized through V2 receptors, which regulates the water resorption in kidney, while its vasoconstrictory effect through V1a receptor also received a lot of attention in the maintenance of blood pressure during shock. However, the most striking is its central effect both through the V1b receptors in stress-axis regulation as well as through V1a receptors regulating many aspects of our behavior (e.g., social behavior, learning and memory). Vasopressin has been implicated in the development of depression, due to its connection with chronic stress, as well as schizophrenia because of its involvement in social interactions and memory processes. Epigenetic changes may also play a role in the development of these disorders. The possible mechanism includes DNA methylation, histone modification and/or micro RNAs, and these possible regulations will be in the focus of our present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (C.L.F.); (A.S.)
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (C.L.F.); (A.S.)
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (C.L.F.); (A.S.)
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.T.); (C.L.F.); (A.S.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with a wide range of behavioral disturbances and serious consequences for both patient and society. One of the main reasons for unsuccessful therapies is insufficient knowledge about its underlying pathomechanism. In the search for centrally signaling molecules that might be relevant to the development of PTSD we focus here on arginine vasopressin (AVP). So far AVP has not been strongly implicated in PTSD, but different lines of evidence suggest a possible impact of its signaling in all clusters of PTSD symptomatology. More specifically, in laboratory rodents, AVP agonists affect behavior in a PTSD-like manner, while significant reduction of AVP signaling in the brain e.g. in AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats, ameliorated defined behavioral parameters that can be linked to PTSD symptoms. Different animal models of PTSD also show alterations in the AVP signaling in distinct brain areas. However, pharmacological treatment targeting central AVP receptors via systemic routes is hampered by possible side effects that are linked to the peripheral action of AVP as a hormone. Indeed, the V1a receptor, the most common receptor subtype in the brain, is implicated in vasoconstriction. Thus, systemic treatment with V1a receptor antagonists would be implicated in hypotonia. This implies that novel treatment concepts are needed to target AVP receptors not only at brain level but also in distinct brain areas, to offer alternative treatments for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sipos
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Barna
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario Engelmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Zhu Y, Ji H, Tao L, Cai Q, Wang F, Ji W, Li G, Fang Y. Functional Status of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axes in Hospitalized Schizophrenics in Shanghai. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32174848 PMCID: PMC7056840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroendocrine dysfunction is related to the pathogenesis of mental disorders, but conclusions from clinical research lack consistency. We aimed to investigate the neuroendocrinal pathophysiology and its correlation with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 486 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted at a psychiatric hospital in Shanghai within one year, and 154 healthy controls (HC) matched on age and gender. The serum hemoconcentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol (COR) were measured via electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. Pathophysiological conversions of neuroendocrine were then associated with gender, age, age at onset, antipsychotic treatment using hierarchical multiple linear regression. RESULTS When compared to HC, the schizophrenia group showed elevated ACTH and COR levels and decreased TT3 and TT4 levels (p's < 0.05). First-episode patients showed lower TSH and higher FT3 and FT4 (p's < 0.05) compared to recurrent patients. Female patients showed higher TSH and lower TT3, FT3, and ACTH levels (p's < 0.05) compared to males. We observed the area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model to distinguish between schizophrenia and HC to be 0.737 among total samples and between first-episode and recurrent schizophrenia to be 0.890 among subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Decreased TT3 and TT4 and elevated ACTH and COR levels appear to be associated with schizophrenia symptoms. The chronic recurrent trait of schizophrenia may cause long-term effects on FT3 and FT4 while changes in thyroid, and adrenal function as a result of mental disorder varied with gender. The pathophysiological parameters provide fair to good accuracy of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Zhu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Psychiatry, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Division of Psychiatry, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lily Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Psychiatry, Shanghai Yangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Division of Psychiatry, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Affiliated Greenland Hospital of Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Hamada M, Nishigawa T, Maesono S, Aso K, Ikeda H, Furuse M. Decreased stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats is associated with changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. Stress 2019; 22:482-491. [PMID: 30838897 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1584179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression-like behavior during lactation may relate to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. This study investigated how the behavior, HPA axis activity, brain monoamines, and brain free amino acid metabolism of rats were changed by stress or lactation period. Rats were separated into four groups: (1) control lactating (n = 6), (2) stress lactating (n = 6), (3) control virgin (n = 7), and (4) stress virgin (n = 7) and restrained for 30 min a total of ten times (once every other day) from postnatal day (PND) 1. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test (FST) on PND 10 and concentration of corticosterone in plasma, as well as monoamines and L-amino acids including β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, cystathionine, 3-methyl-histidine and taurine in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus on PND 19 were measured. The plasma corticosterone concentration, measured just after restraint stress, was significantly higher in the stress groups, versus the control groups, but there were no significant differences between control and stress lactating groups. Depression-like behavior (immobility) in the FST was significantly lower in the lactating groups, versus the virgin groups. Stress enhanced dopamine and glutamate, and decreased threonine and glycine concentrations in the hypothalamus. In addition, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), threonine and ornithine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the lactating groups compared with the virgin groups. Changes in plasma corticosterone concentration, monoamine, and amino acid metabolism may relate to stress-induced depression-like behavior in lactating rats. Lay summary This study revealed that reduced depression-like behavior in lactating, relative to virgin rats, was associated with changes in monoamine and amino acid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. In addition, the effect of stress on monoamine and amino acid metabolism is prominently observed in the hypothalamus and may be related to neuroendocrine stress axis activity and secretion of corticosterone. This study suggested that stress-induced depression-like behavior may be associated with several changes in the stress axis, brain monoamines, and brain amino acid metabolism. These parameters were associated with attenuated depression-like behavior in lactating rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hamada
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takuma Nishigawa
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Saori Maesono
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Kenta Aso
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- a Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
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Zetter M, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Quintanar-Stephano A, Hernández-Pando R. Involvement of Vasopressin in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A New Therapeutic Target? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31244771 PMCID: PMC6563385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly complex infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lung and systemic immune-neuroendocrine responses that have been associated with pathophysiology and disease outcome. Vasopressin (VP), a neurohypophysial hormone with immunomodulatory effects, is abnormally high in plasma of some patients with pulmonary TB, and is apparently produced ectopically. In this study, a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary TB was used to determine whether VP may play a role in TB pathophysiology. Our results show that VP gene is expressed in the lung since early infection, increasing as the infection progressed, and localized mainly in macrophages, which are key cells in mycobacterial elimination. Pharmacologic manipulation using agonist and antagonist compounds showed that high and sustained stimulation of VPR resulted in increased bacillary burdens and fibrosis at lungs, while blockade of VP receptors reduced bacterial loads. Accordingly, treatment of infected alveolar macrophages with VP in cell cultures resulted in high numbers of intracellular Mtb and impaired cytokine production. Thus, we show that VP is ectopically produced in the tuberculous lungs, with macrophages being its most possible target cell. Further, it seems that chronic vasopressinergic stimulation during active late disease causes anti-inflammatory and tissue reparative effects, which could be deleterious while its pharmacologic suppression reactivates protective immunity and contributes to shorten conventional chemotherapy, which could be a new possible form of immune-endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zetter
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rogelio Hernández-Pando
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Nishigawa T, Nagamachi S, Ikeda H, Chowdhury VS, Furuse M. Restraint stress in lactating mice alters the levels of sulfur-containing amino acids in milk. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:503-509. [PMID: 29367519 PMCID: PMC5880834 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that maternal stress during the gestation and lactation periods induces abnormal behavior in the offspring and causes a lowering of the offspring’s body weight. Various causes of maternal stress during
the lactation period, relating to, for example, maternal nutritional status and reduced maternal care, have been considered. However, little is known about the effects on milk of maternal stress during the lactation
period. The current study aimed to determine whether free amino acids, with special reference to sulfur-containing amino acids in milk, are altered by restraint stress in lactating mice. The dams in the stress group were
restrained for 30 min at postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Restraint stress caused a reduction in the body weight of lactating mice. The concentration of taurine and cystathionine in milk was significantly higher in
the stress group, though stress did not alter their concentration in maternal plasma. The ratio of taurine concentration in milk to its concentration in maternal plasma was significantly higher in the stress group,
suggesting that stress promoted taurine transportation into milk. Furthermore, taurine concentration in milk was positively correlated with corticosterone levels in plasma. In conclusion, restraint stress in lactating
mice caused the changes in the metabolism and in the transportation of sulfur-containing amino acids and resulted in higher taurine concentration in milk. Taurine concentration in milk could also be a good parameter for
determining stress status in dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nishigawa
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nagamachi
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Vishwajit S Chowdhury
- Division for Experimental Natural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Csikota P, Fodor A, Balázsfi D, Pintér O, Mizukami H, Weger S, Heilbronn R, Engelmann M, Zelena D. Vasopressinergic control of stress-related behavior: studies in Brattleboro rats. Stress 2016; 19:349-61. [PMID: 27187740 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1183117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin, a nonapeptide, signaling both as hormone in the blood and neuromodulator/neurotransmitter in the brain is considered to be causally involved in the pathological changes underlying anxiety and depression. In the present review we summarize experimental data obtained with Brattleboro rats as a model of congenital vasopressin-deficiency to test the hypothesis that central vasopressin signaling contributes to anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Male, female and lactating rats were studied. We focused on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the septum, two brain areas in which vasopressin is proposed to control the endocrine and behavioral stress response, respectively. The presented data support the hypothesis that the behavioral changes seen in these rats are brought about by an altered vasopressin signaling at the brain level. Whereas vasopressin synthesized and released within the hypothalamus is primarily involved in endocrine regulation, vasopressin signaling in other brain areas may contribute to anxiety- and depression-like behavioral parameters. Further studies in this context might focus particularly on the interplay between extra-hypothalamic brain areas such as the septum and the medial amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Csikota
- a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Fodor
- a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
- b János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Diána Balázsfi
- a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
- b János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ottó Pintér
- a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- c Center for Molecular Medicine , Jichi Medical University , Yakushiji , Japan
| | - Stefan Weger
- d Institut für Virologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Regine Heilbronn
- d Institut für Virologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mario Engelmann
- e Institut für Biochemie & Zellbiol, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität , Magdeburg , Germany
- f Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Dóra Zelena
- a Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
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Aliczki M, Fodor A, Balogh Z, Haller J, Zelena D. The effects of lactation on impulsive behavior in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. Horm Behav 2014; 66:545-51. [PMID: 25117459 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP)-deficient Brattleboro rats develop a specific behavioral profile, which-among other things-include altered cognitive performance. This profile is markedly affected by alterations in neuroendocrine state of the animal such as during lactation. Given the links between AVP and cognition we hypothesized that AVP deficiency may lead to changes in impulsivity that is under cognitive control and the changes might be altered by lactation. Comparing virgin and lactating AVP-deficient female Brattleboro rats to their respective controls, we assessed the putative lactation-dependent effects of AVP deficiency on impulsivity in the delay discounting paradigm. Furthermore, to investigate the basis of such effects, we assessed possible interactions of AVP deficiency with GABAergic and serotonergic signaling and stress axis activity, systems playing important roles in impulse control. Our results showed that impulsivity was unaltered by AVP deficiency in virgin rats. In contrast a lactation-induced increase in impulsivity was abolished by AVP deficiency in lactating females. We also found that chlordiazepoxide-induced facilitation of GABAergic and imipramine-induced enhancement of serotonergic activity in virgins led to increased and decreased impulsivity, respectively. In contrast, during lactation these effects were visible only in AVP-deficient rats. These rats also exhibited increased stress axis activity compared to virgin animals, an effect that was abolished by AVP deficiency. Taken together, AVP appears to play a role in the regulation of impulsivity exclusively during lactation: it has an impulsivity increasing effect which is potentially mediated via stress axis-dependent mechanisms and fine-tuning of GABAergic and serotonergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano Aliczki
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna Fodor
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Balogh
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Haller
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Zelena
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Fodor A, Zelena D. The effect of maternal stress activation on the offspring during lactation in light of vasopressin. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:265394. [PMID: 24550698 PMCID: PMC3914454 DOI: 10.1155/2014/265394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is obvious that preconceptional effects as well as stressors during pregnancy profoundly influence the progeny, the lactation period seems to be at least as important. Here we summarize how maternal stressors during the lactation period affect the offspring. As vasopressin is one of the crucial components both for stress adaptation and social behavior, special emphasis was given to this neuropeptide. We can conclude that stressing the mother does not have the same acute effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (as the main target of stress adaptation) of the pups as stressing the pups, but later endocrine and behavioral consequences can be similar. Vasopressin plays a role in acute and later consequences of perinatal stressor applied either to the mother or to the offspring, thereby contributing to transmitting the mothers' stress to the progeny. This mother-infant interaction does not necessarily mean a direct transmission of molecules, but rather is the result of programming the brain development through changes in maternal behavior. Thus, there is a time lag between maternal stress and stress-related changes in the offspring. The interactions are bidirectional as not only stress in the dam but also stress in the progeny has an effect on nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fodor
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői utca 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony utca 43, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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