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Xiong Y, Pi W, Zhao W, Shi W, Yan W, Yang H, Zhou Y, Li Q, Yang L. Roles of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons as potential neural stem cells in the repair and regeneration of spinal cord injuries. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1426395. [PMID: 38983786 PMCID: PMC11231923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1426395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) represent a distinct group of interneurons characterized by their prominent apical globular protrusions penetrating the spinal cord's central canal and their basal axons extending towards adjacent cells. Identified nearly a century back, the specific roles and attributes of CSF-cNs have just started to emerge due to the historical lack of definitive markers. Recent findings have confirmed that CSF-cNs expressing PKD2L1 possess attributes of neural stem cells, suggesting a critical function in the regeneration processes following spinal cord injuries. This review aims to elucidate the molecular markers of CSF-cNs as potential neural stem cells during spinal cord development and assess their roles post-spinal cord injury, with an emphasis on their potential therapeutic implications for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Xiong
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjun Pi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Department of Medical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhou
- Department of Health, The Qinglong County People’s Hospital, Qinglong, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Leiluo Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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The Mature COC Promotes the Ampullary NPPC Required for Sperm Release from Porcine Oviduct Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043118. [PMID: 36834527 PMCID: PMC9967908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine spermatozoa are stored in the oviductal isthmus after natural mating, and the number of spermatozoa is increased in the oviductal ampulla when the mature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are transferred into the ampulla. However, the mechanism is unclear. Herein, natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) was mainly expressed in porcine ampullary epithelial cells, whereas its cognate receptor natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) was located on the neck and the midpiece of porcine spermatozoa. NPPC increased sperm motility and intracellular Ca2+ levels, and induced sperm release from oviduct isthmic cell aggregates. These actions of NPPC were blocked by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-sensitive cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel inhibitor l-cis-Diltiazem. Moreover, porcine COCs acquired the ability to promote NPPC expression in the ampullary epithelial cells when the immature COCs were induced to maturation by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Simultaneously, transforming growth factor-β ligand 1 (TGFB1) levels were dramatically increased in the cumulus cells of the mature COCs. The addition of TGFB1 promoted NPPC expression in the ampullary epithelial cells, and the mature COC-induced NPPC was blocked by the transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitor SD208. Taken together, the mature COCs promote NPPC expression in the ampullae via TGF-β signaling, and NPPC is required for the release of porcine spermatozoa from the oviduct isthmic cells.
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Wang Z, Wei H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Sun Y, Gao L, Zhang W, Su YQ, Zhang M. The oocyte cumulus complex regulates mouse sperm migration in the oviduct. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1327. [PMID: 36463362 PMCID: PMC9719508 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As the time of ovulation draws near, mouse spermatozoa move out of the isthmic reservoir, which is a prerequisite for fertilization. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study revealed that mouse cumulus cells of oocytes-cumulus complexes (OCCs) expressed transforming growth factor-β ligand 1 (TGFB1), whereas ampullary epithelial cells expressed the TGF-β receptors, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, and all were upregulated by luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). OCCs and TGFB1 increased natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) expression in cultured ampullae via TGF-β signaling, and NPPC treatment promoted spermatozoa moving out of the isthmic reservoir of the preovulatory oviducts. Deletion of Tgfb1 in cumulus cells and Tgfbr2 in ampullary epithelial cells blocked OCC-induced NPPC expression and spermatozoa moving out of the isthmic reservoir, resulting in compromised fertilization and fertility. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors were required for promoting cumulus cell expression of TGFB1. Therefore, oocyte-dependent and cumulus cell-derived TGFB1 promotes the expression of NPPC in oviductal ampulla, which is critical for sperm migration in the oviduct and subsequent fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Wei
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhanying Wu
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Sun
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Longwei Gao
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - You-Qiang Su
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 P. R. China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
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Mirczuk SM, Scudder CJ, Read JE, Crossley VJ, Regan JT, Richardson KM, Simbi B, McArdle CA, Church DB, Fenn J, Kenny PJ, Volk HA, Wheeler-Jones CP, Korbonits M, Niessen SJ, McGonnell IM, Fowkes RC. Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Function in GH3 Somatolactotropes and Feline Somatotrope Pituitary Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031076. [PMID: 33499110 PMCID: PMC7865297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients harbouring mutations in genes encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; NPPC) or its receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B, NPR2) suffer from severe growth phenotypes; loss-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause skeletal overgrowth. Although most of the effects of CNP/GC-B on growth are mediated directly on bone, evidence suggests the natriuretic peptides may also affect anterior pituitary control of growth. Our previous studies described the expression of NPPC and NPR2 in a range of human pituitary tumours, normal human pituitary, and normal fetal human pituitary. However, the natriuretic peptide system in somatotropes has not been extensively explored. Here, we examine the expression and function of the CNP/GC-B system in rat GH3 somatolactotrope cell line and pituitary tumours from a cohort of feline hypersomatotropism (HST; acromegaly) patients. Using multiplex RT-qPCR, all three natriuretic peptides and their receptors were detected in GH3 cells. The expression of Nppc was significantly enhanced following treatment with either 100 nM TRH or 10 µM forskolin, yet only Npr1 expression was sensitive to forskolin stimulation; the effects of forskolin and TRH on Nppc expression were PKA- and MAPK-dependent, respectively. CNP stimulation of GH3 somatolactotropes significantly inhibited Esr1, Insr and Lepr expression, but dramatically enhanced cFos expression at the same time point. Oestrogen treatment significantly enhanced expression of Nppa, Nppc, Npr1, and Npr2 in GH3 somatolactotropes, but inhibited CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation. Finally, transcripts for all three natriuretic peptides and receptors were expressed in feline pituitary tumours from patients with HST. NPPC expression was negatively correlated with pituitary tumour volume and SSTR5 expression, but positively correlated with D2R and GHR expression. Collectively, these data provide mechanisms that control expression and function of CNP in somatolactotrope cells, and identify putative transcriptional targets for CNP action in somatotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Christopher J. Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Jordan E. Read
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Victoria J. Crossley
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Jacob T. Regan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Karen M. Richardson
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Bigboy Simbi
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Craig A. McArdle
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK;
| | - David B. Church
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Joseph Fenn
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Patrick J. Kenny
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113 NSW, Australia
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline P. Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Stijn J. Niessen
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (D.B.C.); (J.F.); (P.J.K.); (H.A.V.); (S.J.N.)
| | - Imelda M. McGonnell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Robert C. Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (J.E.R.); (V.J.C.); (J.T.R.); (K.M.R.)
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (B.S.); (C.P.W.-J.); (I.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +11-44-207-468-1215
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Prickett TC, A Espiner E. Circulating products of C-type natriuretic peptide and links with organ function in health and disease. Peptides 2020; 132:170363. [PMID: 32634451 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine actions of CNP and rapid degradation at source severely limit study of CNP's many roles in vivo. However provided sensitive and validated assays are used, there is increasing evidence that low concentrations of bioactive CNP in plasma, and the readily detectable concentrations of the bio-inactive processed product of proCNP (aminoterminal proCNP), can be used to advance understanding of the hormone's role in pathophysiology. Provided renal function is normal, concordant changes in both CNP and NTproCNP reflect change in tissue production of proCNP whereas change in CNP alone results from altered rates of bioactive CNP degradation and are reflected in the ratio of NTproCNP to CNP. As already shown in juveniles, where plasma concentration of CNP products are higher and are associated with concurrent endochondral bone growth, measurements of plasma CNP products in mature adults have potential to clarify organ response to stress and injury. Excepting the role of CNP in fetal-maternal welfare, this review examines evidence linking plasma CNP products with function of a wide range of tissues in adults, including the impact of extraneous factors such as nutrients, hormone therapy and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cr Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand.
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
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Rapley SA, Prickett TCR, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Espiner EA. Environmental Enrichment Elicits a Transient Rise of Bioactive C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Young but Not Aged Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:142. [PMID: 30072880 PMCID: PMC6060231 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial molecular and neuroplastic changes have been demonstrated in response to environmental enrichment (EE) in laboratory animals across the lifespan. Here, we investigated whether these effects extend to C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP), a widely expressed neuropeptide with putative involvement in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, anxiety, and learning and memory. We determined the CNP response in 36 young (8-9 months) and 36 aged (22-23 months) male PVGc hooded rats that were rehoused with new cage mates in either standard laboratory cages or EE for periods of 14 or 28 days. Tissues were rapidly excised from four brain regions associated with memory formation (dorsal hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and mammillary bodies) plus the occipital cortex and hypothalamus, and immediately frozen. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure bioactive CNP and the amino-terminal fragment of proCNP, NTproCNP. Because CNP but not NTproCNP is rapidly degraded at source, NTproCNP reflects CNP production whereas the ratio NTproCNP:CNP is a biomarker of CNP's local degradation rate. EE increased CNP at 14 days in all brain regions in young, but not old rats; this effect in young rats was lost at 28 days in all regions of interest. NTproCNP:CNP ratio, but not NTproCNP, was reduced in all regions by EE at 14 days in young rats, but not in old rats, which suggests a period of reduced degradation or receptor mediated clearance, rather than increased production of CNP in these young EE rats. Aged rats tended to show reduced NTproCNP:CNP ratios but this did not occur in dorsal hippocampus or mammillary bodies. This is the first study demonstrating modulation of CNP protein concentrations, and the effect of age, in response to environmental stimulation. Furthermore, it is the first to show that changes in degradation rate in vivo may be an important component in determining CNP bioactivity in neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Rapley
- Brain Research New Zealand and Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Eric A. Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Wilson MO, Barrell GK, Prickett TCR, Espiner EA. Molecular forms of C-type natriuretic peptide in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma reflect differential processing in brain and pituitary tissues. Peptides 2018; 99:223-230. [PMID: 29056567 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a paracrine growth factor widely expressed within tissues of the central nervous system. Consistent with this is the high concentration of CNP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), exceeding levels in the systemic circulation. CNP abundance is high in hypothalamus and especially enriched in pituitary tissue where - in contrast to hypothalamus - processing to CNP-22 is minimal. Recently we have shown that dexamethasone acutely raises CNP peptides throughout the brain as well as in CSF and plasma. Postulating that molecular forms of CNP would differ in central tissues compared to forms in pituitary and plasma, we have characterized the molecular forms of CNP in tissues (hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary gland) and associated fluids (CSF and plasma) using size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and radioimmunoassay in control (saline-treated) and dexamethasone-treated adult sheep. Three immunoreactive-CNP components were identified which were consistent with proCNP (1-103), CNP-53 and CNP-22, but the presence and proportions of these different fragments differed among tissues. Peaks consistent with CNP-53 were the dominant form in all tissues and fluids. Peaks consistent with proCNP, conspicuous in hypothalamic extracts, were negligible in CSF whereas proportions of low molecular weight immunoreactivity (IR) consistent with CNP-22 were similar in hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland and CSF. In contrast, in both plasma and the anterior pituitary gland, proportions of higher molecular weight IR, consistent with CNP-53 and proCNP, predominated, and low molecular weight IR consistent with CNP-22 was very low. After dexamethasone, proCNP like material - but not other forms - was increased in all samples except CSF, consistent with increased synthesis and secretion. In conclusion, immunoreactive forms of CNP in central tissues differ from those identified in anterior pituitary tissue and plasma - suggesting that the anterior pituitary gland may contribute to systemic levels of CNP in some physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele O Wilson
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Graham K Barrell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
| | | | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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