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Hosseini M, Khalafiyan A, Zare M, Karimzadeh H, Bahrami B, Hammami B, Kazemi M. Sperm epigenetics and male infertility: unraveling the molecular puzzle. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:57. [PMID: 38835100 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of infertility among couples is estimated to range from 8 to 12%. A paradigm shift has occurred in understanding of infertility, challenging the notion that it predominantly affects women. It is now acknowledged that a significant proportion, if not the majority, of infertility cases can be attributed to male-related factors. Various elements contribute to male reproductive impairments, including aberrant sperm production caused by pituitary malfunction, testicular malignancies, aplastic germ cells, varicocele, and environmental factors. MAIN BODY The epigenetic profile of mammalian sperm is distinctive and specialized. Various epigenetic factors regulate genes across different levels in sperm, thereby affecting its function. Changes in sperm epigenetics, potentially influenced by factors such as environmental exposures, could contribute to the development of male infertility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this review investigates the latest studies pertaining to the mechanisms of epigenetic changes that occur in sperm cells and their association with male reproductive issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anis Khalafiyan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zare
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniye Karimzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Basireh Bahrami
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Hammami
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Fouladvandi R, Masoudi AA, Totonchi M, Hezavehei M, Sharafi M. Effects of different extenders on epigenetic patterns and functional parameters of bull sperm during cryopreservation process. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14570. [PMID: 38700367 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The cryopreservation process induces alterations in cellular parameters and epigenetic patterns in bull sperm, which can be prevented by adding cryoprotectants in the freezing extenders. The purpose of this study was to compare the protective effects of two extenders based on soybean lecithin (SLE) and egg yolk (EYE) on epigenetic patterns and quality parameters of sperm such as motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, viability, and apoptotic-like changes of bull sperm after cryopreservation. Results demonstrated that cryopreservation significantly (p < .05) reduced the level of DNA global methylation, H3K9 histone acetylation, and H3K4 histone methylation in both frozen groups compared to the fresh sperm. Also, the level of H3K9 acetylation was lower in the frozen SLE group (21.2 ± 1.86) compared to EYE group (15.2 ± 1.86). In addition, the SLE frozen group had a higher percentage of viability, progressive motility, and linearity (LIN) in SLE frozen group compared to EYE frozen group. However, no difference was observed in mitochondrial membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation between SLE and EYE frozen groups. While soybean-lecithin-based extender showed some initial positive impacts of epigenetics and semen parameters, further investigations can provide useful information for better freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Fouladvandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Reproduction and Fertility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Montreal University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Semex Alliance, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Kimmins S, Anderson RA, Barratt CLR, Behre HM, Catford SR, De Jonge CJ, Delbes G, Eisenberg ML, Garrido N, Houston BJ, Jørgensen N, Krausz C, Lismer A, McLachlan RI, Minhas S, Moss T, Pacey A, Priskorn L, Schlatt S, Trasler J, Trasande L, Tüttelmann F, Vazquez-Levin MH, Veltman JA, Zhang F, O'Bryan MK. Frequency, morbidity and equity - the case for increased research on male fertility. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:102-124. [PMID: 37828407 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most men with infertility cannot be given an aetiology, which reflects a lack of knowledge around gamete production and how it is affected by genetics and the environment. A failure to recognize the burden of male infertility and its potential as a biomarker for systemic illness exists. The absence of such knowledge results in patients generally being treated as a uniform group, for whom the strategy is to bypass the causality using medically assisted reproduction (MAR) techniques. In doing so, opportunities to prevent co-morbidity are missed and the burden of MAR is shifted to the woman. To advance understanding of men's reproductive health, longitudinal and multi-national centres for data and sample collection are essential. Such programmes must enable an integrated view of the consequences of genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors on fertility and offspring health. Definition and possible amelioration of the consequences of MAR for conceived children are needed. Inherent in this statement is the necessity to promote fertility restoration and/or use the least invasive MAR strategy available. To achieve this aim, protocols must be rigorously tested and the move towards personalized medicine encouraged. Equally, education of the public, governments and clinicians on the frequency and consequences of infertility is needed. Health options, including male contraceptives, must be expanded, and the opportunities encompassed in such investment understood. The pressing questions related to male reproductive health, spanning the spectrum of andrology are identified in the Expert Recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher L R Barratt
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hermann M Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah R Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Geraldine Delbes
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Brendan J Houston
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, University Hospital of Careggi Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ariane Lismer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert I McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash IVF Group, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial, London, UK
| | - Tim Moss
- Healthy Male and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Pacey
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Departments of Paediatrics, Human Genetics and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Center for the Investigation of Environmental Hazards, Department of Paediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Fundación IBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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4
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Cannarella R, Leanza C, Crafa A, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE. Sperm Mesoderm Specific Transcript Gene Methylation Status in Infertile Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:41.e77. [PMID: 37853535 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mesoderm specific transcription (MEST) gene is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that appears to play a role in embryo survival. The latest meta-analysis on MEST methylation pattern in spermatozoa of infertile patients found higher methylation in spermatozoa from infertile patients than fertile controls. To provide an updated and comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on the MEST gene methylation pattern in patients with abnormal sperm parameters compared to men with normal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023397056) and performed following the MOOSE guidelines for Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Only original articles evaluating MEST gene methylation in spermatozoa from patients with infertility or abnormalities in one or more sperm parameters compared to fertile or normozoospermic men were included. RESULTS Of 354 abstracts evaluated for eligibility, only 6 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, involving a total of 301 patients and 163 controls. Our analysis showed significantly higher levels of MEST gene methylation in patients compared with controls (standard mean difference [SMD] 2.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.377, 3.922; p=0.017), although there was significant heterogeneity between studies (Q-value=239.90, p<0.001; I²=97.91%). No significant evidence of publication bias was found, although one study was sensitive enough to skew the results, leading to a loss of significance (SMD 1.543, 95% CI -0.300, 3.387; p=0.101). In meta-regression analysis, we found that the results were independent of both ages (p=0.6519) and sperm concentration (p=0.2360). CONCLUSIONS Sperm DNA methylation may be associated with epigenetic risk in assisted reproductive techniques (ART). The MEST gene could be included in the genetic panel of prospective studies aimed at identifying the most representative and cost-effective genes to be analyzed in couples undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Claudia Leanza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Eugenio Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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5
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Peng Y, Guo R, Shi B, Li D. The role of long non-coding RNA H19 in infertility. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:268. [PMID: 37507391 PMCID: PMC10382492 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not convert into proteins. LncRNAs, particularly lncRNA H19, have been linked to the emergence and progression of various diseases. This review focuses on the role of H19 in infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, diminished ovarian reserve, male factor, and assisted reproductive technology-related pathology, highlighting the potential of H19 as a molecular target for the future treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Peng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Renhao Guo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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6
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Garrido N, Boitrelle F, Saleh R, Durairajanayagam D, Colpi G, Agarwal A. Sperm epigenetics landscape: correlation with embryo quality, reproductive outcomes and offspring's health. Panminerva Med 2023; 65:166-178. [PMID: 37335245 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.23.04871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to how gene expression and function are modulated without modifying the DNA sequence but through subtle molecular changes or interactions with it. As spermatogenesis progresses, male germ cells suffer plenty of epigenetic modifications, resulting in the definitive epigenome of spermatozoa conditioning its functionality, and this process can be altered by several internal and external factors. The paternal epigenome is crucial for sperm function, fertilization, embryo development, and offspring's health, and altered epigenetic states are associated with male infertility with or without altered semen parameters, embryo quality impairment, and worse ART outcomes together with the future offspring's health risks mainly through intergenerational transmission of epigenetic marks. Identifying epigenetic biomarkers may improve male factor diagnosis and the development of targeted therapies, not only to improve fertility but also to allow an early detection of risk and disease prevention in the progeny. While still there is much research to be done, hopefully in the near future, improvements in high-throughput technologies applied to epigenomes will permit our understanding of the underlying epigenetic mechanisms and the development of diagnostics and therapies leading to improved reproductive outcomes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetics in sperm and how epigenetics behave during spermatogenesis. Additionally, we elaborate on the relationship of sperm epigenetics with sperm parameters and male infertility, and highlight the impact of sperm epigenetic alterations on sperm parameters, embryo quality, ART outcomes, miscarriage rates and offspring's health. Furthermore, we provide insights into the future research of epigenetic alterations in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Garrido
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Florence Boitrelle
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ramadan Saleh
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Giovanni Colpi
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Next Fertility Procrea, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA -
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Cannarella R, Crafa A, Barbagallo F, Lundy SD, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE. H19 Sperm Methylation in Male Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087224. [PMID: 37108386 PMCID: PMC10139270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the difference in the methylation of the H19 gene in patients with abnormal versus normal conventional sperm parameters. It also evaluates the effects of age and sperm concentration on H19 methylation in spermatozoa using meta-regression analysis. It was performed according to the MOOSE guidelines for meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The quality of the evidence reported in the studies included was assessed using the Cambridge Quality Checklists. A total of 11 articles met our inclusion criteria. Quantitative analysis showed that H19 methylation levels were significantly lower in the group of infertile patients than in fertile controls. The reduction in methylation was much more pronounced in patients with oligozoospermia (alone or associated with other sperm parameter abnormalities) and in those with recurrent pregnancy loss. Meta-regression analysis showed the results to be independent of both patient age and sperm concentration. Therefore, the H19 methylation pattern should be evaluated among couples accessing assisted reproductive techniques (ART), in order to gain prognostic information on ART outcome and offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44125, USA
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Scott D Lundy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44125, USA
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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8
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Botezatu A, Vladoiu S, Fudulu A, Albulescu A, Plesa A, Muresan A, Stancu C, Iancu IV, Diaconu CC, Velicu A, Popa OM, Badiu C, Dinu-Draganescu D. Advanced molecular approaches in male infertility diagnosis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:684-704. [PMID: 35594455 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent years a special attention has been given to a major health concern namely to male infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, taken into account the statistics that highlight that sperm counts have dropped by 50-60% in recent decades. According to the WHO, infertility affects approximately 9% of couples globally, and the male factor is believed to be present in roughly 50% of cases, with exclusive responsibility in 30%. The aim of this manuscript is to present an evidence-based approach for diagnosing male infertility that includes finding new solutions for diagnosis and critical outcomes, retrieving up-to-date studies and existing guidelines. The diverse factors that induce male infertility generated in a vast amount of data that needed to be analysed by a clinician before a decision could be made for each individual. Modern medicine faces numerous obstacles as a result of the massive amount of data generated by the molecular biology discipline. To address complex clinical problems, vast data must be collected, analysed, and used, which can be very challenging. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods to create a decision support system can help predict the diagnosis and guide treatment for infertile men, based on analysis of different data as environmental and lifestyle, clinical (sperm count, morphology, hormone testing, karyotype, etc.) and "omics" bigdata. Ultimately, the development of AI algorithms will assist clinicians in formulating diagnosis, making treatment decisions, and predicting outcomes for assisted reproduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Botezatu
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Vladoiu
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Fudulu
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Albulescu
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute for Chemical pharmaceutical Research & Development
| | - A Plesa
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Muresan
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Stancu
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I V Iancu
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C C Diaconu
- "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Velicu
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O M Popa
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Badiu
- "CI Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Sciorio R, El Hajj N. Epigenetic Risks of Medically Assisted Reproduction. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082151. [PMID: 35456243 PMCID: PMC9027760 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first baby conceived via in vitro fertilization, more than 9 million children have been born worldwide using assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In vivo fertilization takes place in the maternal oviduct, where the unique physiological conditions guarantee the healthy development of the embryo. During early embryogenesis, a major wave of epigenetic reprogramming takes place that is crucial for the correct development of the embryo. Epigenetic reprogramming is susceptible to environmental changes and non-physiological conditions such as those applied during in vitro culture, including shift in pH and temperature, oxygen tension, controlled ovarian stimulation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, as well as preimplantation embryo manipulations for genetic testing. In the last decade, concerns were raised of a possible link between ART and increased incidence of imprinting disorders, as well as epigenetic alterations in the germ cells of infertile parents that are transmitted to the offspring following ART. The aim of this review was to present evidence from the literature regarding epigenetic errors linked to assisted reproduction treatments and their consequences on the conceived children. Furthermore, we provide an overview of disease risk associated with epigenetic or imprinting alterations in children born via ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Edinburgh Assisted Conception Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Nady El Hajj
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
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10
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Sciorio R, Esteves SC. Contemporary Use of ICSI and Epigenetic Risks to Future Generations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082135. [PMID: 35456226 PMCID: PMC9031244 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978 via IVF, reproductive specialists have acquired enormous knowledge and refined several procedures, which are nowadays applied in assisted reproductive technology (ART). One of the most critical steps in this practice is the fertilization process. In the early days of IVF, a remarkable concern was the unpleasant outcomes of failed fertilization, overtaken by introducing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), delineating a real breakthrough in modern ART. ICSI became standard practice and was soon used as the most common method to fertilize oocytes. It has been used for severe male factor infertility and non-male factors, such as unexplained infertility or advanced maternal age, without robust scientific evidence. However, applying ICSI blindly is not free of potential detrimental consequences since novel studies report possible health consequences to offspring. DNA methylation and epigenetic alterations in sperm cells of infertile men might help explain some of the adverse effects reported in ICSI studies on reproductive health in future generations. Collected data concerning the health of ICSI children over the past thirty years seems to support the notion that there might be an increased risk of epigenetic disorders, congenital malformations, chromosomal alterations, and subfertility in babies born following ICSI compared to naturally conceived children. However, it is still to be elucidated to what level these data are associated with the cause of infertility or the ICSI technique. This review provides an overview of epigenetic mechanisms and possible imprinting alterations following the use of ART, in particular ICSI. It also highlights the sperm contribution to embryo epigenetic regulation and the risks of in vitro culture conditions on epigenetic dysregulation. Lastly, it summarizes the literature concerning the possible epigenetic disorders in children born after ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Sciorio
- Edinburgh Assisted Conception Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandro C. Esteves
- Androfert, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas 13075-460, Brazil;
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Faure MC, Khoueiry R, Quanico J, Acloque H, Guerquin MJ, Bertoldo MJ, Chevaleyre C, Ramé C, Fournier I, Salzet M, Dupont J, Froment P. In Utero Exposure to Metformin Reduces the Fertility of Male Offspring in Adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:750145. [PMID: 34745014 PMCID: PMC8565088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with insulin resistance. Metformin is also used in the treatment of pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes. However, the consequences of foetal exposure to metformin on the fertility of exposed offspring remain poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the effect of in utero metformin exposure on the fertility of female and male offspring. We observed that metformin is detectable in the blood of the mother and in amniotic fluid and blood of the umbilical cord. Metformin was not measurable in any tissues of the embryo, including the gonads. The effect of metformin exposure on offspring was sex specific. The adult females that had been exposed to metformin in utero presented no clear reduction in fertility. However, the adult males that had been exposed to metformin during foetal life exhibited a 30% reduction in litter size compared with controls. The lower fertility was not due to a change in sperm production or the motility of sperm. Rather, the phenotype was due to lower sperm head quality - significantly increased spermatozoa head abnormality with greater DNA damage - and hypermethylation of the genomic DNA in the spermatozoa associated with lower expression of the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) protein. In conclusion, while foetal metformin exposure did not dramatically alter gonad development, these results suggest that metabolic modification by metformin during the foetal period could change the expression of epigenetic regulators such as Tet1 and perturb the genomic DNA in germ cells, changes that might contribute to a reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie C. Faure
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- UMR967 INSERM, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF)/Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM)/Service Cellules Souches et Radiation (SCSR)/LDG, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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12
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Rotondo JC, Lanzillotti C, Mazziotta C, Tognon M, Martini F. Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689624. [PMID: 34368137 PMCID: PMC8339558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies focused on the role of epigenetics, including DNA methylation, in spermatogenesis and male infertility. We aimed to provide an overview of the knowledge concerning the gene and genome methylation and its regulation during spermatogenesis, specifically in the context of male infertility etiopathogenesis. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that sperm DNA methylation is associated with sperm alterations and infertility. Several genes have been found to be differentially methylated in relation to impaired spermatogenesis and/or reproductive dysfunction. Particularly, DNA methylation defects of MEST and H19 within imprinted genes and MTHFR within non-imprinted genes have been repeatedly linked with male infertility. A deep knowledge of sperm DNA methylation status in association with reduced reproductive potential could improve the development of novel diagnostic tools for this disease. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms affecting methylation in sperm and their impact on male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Tarozzi N, Nadalini M, Coticchio G, Zacà C, Lagalla C, Borini A. The paternal toolbox for embryo development and health. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6311671. [PMID: 34191013 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm is essential for reconstitution of embryonic diploidy and highly specialized developmental functions. Immediately after gamete fusion, the sperm-borne PLC-zeta triggers activation, generating intracellular free Ca2+ oscillations. Mutations in the PLC-zeta encoding gene are associated with the absence of this factor in mature sperm and inability to achieve fertilization. Sperm play also a role in the greater game of the choreography of fertilization. In the human, the sperm centrioles are introduced into the oocyte environment with gamete fusion. They interact with the oocyte cytoskeletal apparatus to form a functional pair of centrosomes and ultimately regulate pronuclear juxtaposition in preparation for the first cleavage. As a consequence, the fidelity of chromosome segregation during the first cell divisions depends on the function of sperm centrioles. Sperm DNA integrity is essential for embryo development and health. Damaged DNA does not impact on the sperm fertilization ability following ICSI. However, detrimental effects emerge at pre- and post-implantation stages. Sperm-specific epigenetic factors also play an active role in the regulation of embryonic development, as shown by correlations between reduced embryo morphological quality and incorrect chromatin packaging during spermiogenesis or abnormal methylation of sperm CpG islands. This functional landscape demonstrates that the contribution of the sperm to development goes far beyond its well-established role in fertilization. Clinical studies confirm this view and indicate sperm function as a crucial aspect of research to increase the efficacy of assisted reproduction treatments.
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14
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Åsenius F, Danson AF, Marzi SJ. DNA methylation in human sperm: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 26:841-873. [PMID: 32790874 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in non-human mammals suggest that environmental factors can influence spermatozoal DNA methylation, and some research suggests that spermatozoal DNA methylation is also implicated in conditions such as subfertility and imprinting disorders in the offspring. Together with an increased availability of cost-effective methods of interrogating DNA methylation, this premise has led to an increasing number of studies investigating the DNA methylation landscape of human spermatozoa. However, how the human spermatozoal DNA methylome is influenced by environmental factors is still unclear, as is the role of human spermatozoal DNA methylation in subfertility and in influencing offspring health. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the quality of the current body of literature on DNA methylation in human spermatozoa, summarize current knowledge and generate recommendations for future research. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using the search terms 'semen' OR 'sperm' AND 'DNA methylation'. Publications from 1 January 2003 to 2 March 2020 that studied human sperm and were written in English were included. Studies that used sperm DNA methylation to develop methodologies or forensically identify semen were excluded, as were reviews, commentaries, meta-analyses or editorial texts. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria were used to objectively evaluate quality of evidence in each included publication. OUTCOMES The search identified 446 records, of which 135 were included in the systematic review. These 135 studies were divided into three groups according to area of research; 56 studies investigated the influence of spermatozoal DNA methylation on male fertility and abnormal semen parameters, 20 studies investigated spermatozoal DNA methylation in pregnancy outcomes including offspring health and 59 studies assessed the influence of environmental factors on spermatozoal DNA methylation. Findings from studies that scored as 'high' and 'moderate' quality of evidence according to GRADE criteria were summarized. We found that male subfertility and abnormal semen parameters, in particular oligozoospermia, appear to be associated with abnormal spermatozoal DNA methylation of imprinted regions. However, no specific DNA methylation signature of either subfertility or abnormal semen parameters has been convincingly replicated in genome-scale, unbiased analyses. Furthermore, although findings require independent replication, current evidence suggests that the spermatozoal DNA methylome is influenced by cigarette smoking, advanced age and environmental pollutants. Importantly however, from a clinical point of view, there is no convincing evidence that changes in spermatozoal DNA methylation influence pregnancy outcomes or offspring health. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although it appears that the human sperm DNA methylome can be influenced by certain environmental and physiological traits, no findings have been robustly replicated between studies. We have generated a set of recommendations that would enhance the reliability and robustness of findings of future analyses of the human sperm methylome. Such studies will likely require multicentre collaborations to reach appropriate sample sizes, and should incorporate phenotype data in more complex statistical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy F Danson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Sperm Global DNA Methylation (SGDM) in Semen of Healthy Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8030050. [PMID: 33802963 PMCID: PMC8002840 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is an emerging problem in both humans and animals, and the knowledge of its causes is the first step to identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In humans, alteration of sperm DNA methylation have been related to poor quality semen, impaired seminal parameters, azoospermia and reduced fertility. Although semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate the male reproductive potential in the canine species, no authors have attempted to relate semen characteristics to the sperm global DNA methylation (SGDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the SGDM level in healthy dogs and to correlate it with semen parameters that are currently used in dog semen analyses. Conventional and unconventional (sperm DNA fragmentation and SGDM) seminal parameters of thirty dogs from different breeds were evaluated. A positive correlation was found between SGDM and sperm concentration (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and total sperm count (r = 0.61; p < 0.001); SGDM was significantly lower in oligozoospermic vs non-oligozoospermic dogs (4.3% vs. 8.7%; p < 0.005). Our findings suggest that SGDM levels are related to conventional seminal parameters, and could be used as a marker of testis function and spermatogenesis in dogs.
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16
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MicroRNA expression profiles in the seminal plasma of nonobstructive azoospermia patients with different histopathologic patterns. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1197-1211. [PMID: 33602558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the seminal plasma of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with different histopathologic patterns and evaluate potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of NOA. DESIGN Sequencing and validation using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SETTING Reproductive center and research institute. PATIENT(S) Thirteen patients with NOA (7 Sertoli cell-only syndrome [SCOS] and 6 hypospermatogenesis to spermatogenesis arrest [SA]) and 7 normal fertile controls for sequencing, six samples per group for validation; 54 patients with NOA (27 SCOS and 27 SA) and 19 normal fertile controls for large-sample qRT-PCR analysis. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) MicroRNA expression profiles in the seminal plasma of patients with NOA with different histopathologic patterns were assessed using high-throughput sequencing and validated using qRT-PCR. RESULT(S) There were 78 overexpressed and 132 underexpressed miRNAs in patients with SCOS and 32 up-regulated and 90 down-regulated miRNAs in patients with SA compared with fertile men with normozoospermia. Two down-regulated and one up-regulated miRNA were validated using qRT-PCR, which indicated that the qRT-PCR and sequencing results were basically consistent. Hsa-miR-34c-5p expression was significantly lower in the seminal plasma of patients with NOA than normal fertile controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) for hsa-miR-34c-5p was 0.979 and 0.987 in the seminal plasma of patients with SA and patients with SCOS, respectively, compared with normal fertile controls. The AUC was 0.799 for hsa-miR-34c-5p in the seminal plasma between patients with SA and patients with SCOS. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNA target genes revealed that the Notch signaling pathway was one of the most abundant signaling pathways. The expression of Hes5, an effector of the Notch signaling pathway, was significantly higher in the seminal plasma of patients with NOA than normal fertile controls. CONCLUSION(S) MicroRNA expression profiles in seminal plasma were altered in patients with NOA compared with normal fertile controls. The profiles differed in patients with NOA with different pathologic patterns. We speculate that miR-34c-5p in seminal plasma could be a potential noninvasive biomarker to diagnose patients with NOA and distinguish different pathologic types of NOA. The Notch signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of NOA.
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17
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Kulac T, Hekim N, Kocamanoglu F, Beyaz C, Gunes S, Asci R. Methylation patterns of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene promoter in infertile males. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13942. [PMID: 33372270 DOI: 10.1111/and.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Errors of folate/homocysteine pathways which are critical for transferring methyl groups have been suggested to affect male fertility. We aimed to evaluate the methylation patterns of the promoter of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in infertile males and to investigate the association between MTHFR promoter methylation and success of sperm retrieval. Thirty-five nonobstructive azoospermic and 46 severe oligozoospermic patients constituted the study group and were compared with 49 fertile and/or normozoospermic men. The methylation status was analysed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. MTHFR promoter methylation was detected in infertile men with NOA and SO in the ratio of 48.6% and 58.7%, respectively. Methylation was also observed in 51% of controls. MTHFR promoter was methylated in 65% of men with viable spermatozoon during TESE. No association was found regarding to the profile of MTHFR promoter methylation between both NOA and SO patients and controls (p = .621). There was no relation between the methylation status of MTHFR promoter and low motility and poor morphology (p = .682 and p = .413, respectively). No association was found between MTHFR promoter methylation and presence of viable spermatozoa (p = .382). Our data indicate that the promoter methylation of MTHFR gene may not be associated with male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Kulac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Hekim
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocamanoglu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Beyaz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Gunes
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.,Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Asci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.,Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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18
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Hoek J, Boellaard WPA, van Marion ES, Willemsen SP, Baart EB, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Schoenmakers S. The impact of the origin of surgical sperm retrieval on placental and embryonic development: The Rotterdam Periconception cohort. Andrology 2020; 9:599-609. [PMID: 33207074 PMCID: PMC7986236 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with azoospermia, pregnancy can be achieved after surgical techniques using sperm retrieved from the testis or epididymis, which can impact on DNA integrity and epigenetics. DNA of the fetus and placenta is equally derived from both parents; however, genes important for placental development are expressed from the paternal alleles. Therefore, the origin of sperm may affect fetal and placental development. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether first-trimester trajectories of embryonic and placental development of pregnancies conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA), are different from pregnancies after ICSI with ejaculated sperm or natural conceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 147 singleton ICSI pregnancies, including pregnancies conceived after TESE (n = 23), MESA (n = 25) and ejaculated sperm (n = 99), and 380 naturally conceived and 140 after IVF treatment without ICSI were selected from the prospective Rotterdam periconception cohort. Crown-rump length (CRL), embryonic volume (EV), Carnegie stages, and placental volume (PV) at 7, 9, and 11 weeks of gestation were measured using 3D ultrasound and virtual reality technology. RESULTS Linear mixed model analysis showed no differences in trajectories of CRL, EV, and Carnegie stages between pregnancies conceived after ICSI with testicular, epididymal, and ejaculated sperm. A significantly positive association was demonstrated for PV between pregnancies conceived after TESE-ICSI (adjusted beta: 0.28(95%CI: 0.05-0.50)) versus ICSI with ejaculated sperm. Retransformation to original values showed that the PV of pregnancies after TESE-ICSI is 14.6% (95%CI: 1.4%-25.5%) larger at 11 weeks of gestation compared to ICSI pregnancies conceived with ejaculated sperm. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Here we demonstrate that the first-trimester growth trajectory of the placenta is increased in pregnancies conceived after TESE-ICSI compared to those conceived after ICSI with ejaculated sperm. Findings are discussed in the light of known differences in sperm DNA integrity, epigenetics, and placental gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P A Boellaard
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva S van Marion
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B Baart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Saki J, Sabaghan M, Arjmand R, Teimoori A, Rashno M, Saki G, Shojaee S. Curcumin as an indirect methylation inhibitor modulates the effects of Toxoplasma gondii on genes involved in male fertility. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1196-1207. [PMID: 33013270 PMCID: PMC7527515 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite, which infects warm-blooded mammals, including mice and humans, throughout the world. The negative effects of T. gondii infection on the human reproductive system have been documented, especially in females. However, only few studies have examined the effects of T. gondii infection on the male reproductive system. Previous research shows that T. gondii can induce DNA methylation in some gene promoters, which are key regulators of spermatogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), as well as selected genes, involved in spermatogenesis in spermatogenic cells. In the spermatogenic cells exposed to T. gondii, there was a significant increase in DNMT1 and DNMT3A gene expression and a significant reduction in HSPA1A, MTHR, and DAZL gene expression, compared to the controls. The present results showed that curcumin could regulate changes in T. gondii-mediated gene expression. The effect of T. gondii on DNMT activity was also investigated in this study. A 40 % increase in DNMT activity was observed due to T. gondii infection. However, DNMT activity was restored by treatment with 20 μM curcumin for eight hours. The results revealed that T. gondii increases the NF-κB activity, compared to the control group. The increase in NF-κB activity, induced by T. gondii, was inhibited by curcumin. In conclusion, T. gondii, by increasing DNMT expression and activity, leads to an increase in NF-κB activity in cells. On the other hand, curcumin reduced DNA methylation, induced by T. gondii, owing to its NF-κB-inhibiting properties. Therefore, curcumin, as a hypomethylating agent, can be potentially used to alleviate the negative effects of T. gondii on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Sabaghan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Leitão E, Di Persio S, Laurentino S, Wöste M, Dugas M, Kliesch S, Neuhaus N, Horsthemke B. The sperm epigenome does not display recurrent epimutations in patients with severely impaired spermatogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:61. [PMID: 32375885 PMCID: PMC7204326 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past 15 years, numerous studies have described aberrant DNA methylation of imprinted genes (e.g. MEST and H19) in sperm of oligozoospermic men, but the prevalence and genomic extent of abnormal methylation patterns have remained unknown. RESULTS Using deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS), we screened swim-up sperm samples from 40 normozoospermic and 93 patients diagnosed as oligoasthenoteratozoospermic, oligoteratozoospermic or oligozoospermic, which are termed OATs throughout the manuscript, for H19 and MEST methylation. Based on this screening, we defined three patient groups: normal controls (NC), abnormally methylated oligozoospermic (AMO; n = 7) and normally methylated oligozoospermic (NMO; n = 86). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of five NC and five AMO samples revealed abnormal methylation levels of all 50 imprinting control regions in each AMO sample. To investigate whether this finding reflected epigenetic germline mosaicism or the presence of residual somatic DNA, we made a genome-wide inventory of soma-germ cell-specific DNA methylation. We found that > 2000 germ cell-specific genes are promoter-methylated in blood and that AMO samples had abnormal methylation levels at these genes, consistent with the presence of somatic cell DNA. The comparison between the five NC and six NMO samples revealed 19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), none of which could be validated in an independent cohort of 40 men. Previous studies reported a higher incidence of epimutations at single CpG sites in the CTCF-binding region 6 of H19 in infertile patients. DBS analysis of this locus, however, revealed an association between DNA methylation levels and genotype (rs2071094), but not fertility phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that somatic DNA contamination and genetic variation confound methylation studies in sperm of infertile men. While we cannot exclude the existence of rare patients with slightly abnormal sperm methylation at non-recurrent CpG sites, the prevalence of aberrant methylation in swim-up purified sperm of infertile men has likely been overestimated, which is reassuring for patients undergoing assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sara Di Persio
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sandra Laurentino
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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21
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Marcho C, Oluwayiose OA, Pilsner JR. The preconception environment and sperm epigenetics. Andrology 2020; 8:924-942. [PMID: 31901222 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a common reproductive disorder, with male factor infertility accounting for approximately half of all cases. Taking a paternal perceptive, recent research has shown that sperm epigenetics, such as changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin structure, and noncoding RNA expression, can impact reproductive and offspring health. Importantly, environmental conditions during the preconception period has been demonstrated to shape sperm epigenetics. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview on epigenetic modifications that regulate normal gene expression and epigenetic remodeling that occurs during spermatogenesis, and to discuss the epigenetic alterations that may occur to the paternal germline as a consequence of preconception environmental conditions and exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined published literature available on databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect) focusing on adult male preconception environmental exposures and sperm epigenetics in epidemiologic studies and animal models. RESULTS The preconception period is a sensitive developmental window in which a variety of exposures such as toxicants, nutrition, drugs, stress, and exercise, affects sperm epigenetics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Understanding the environmental legacy of the sperm epigenome during spermatogenesis will enhance our understanding of reproductive health and improve reproductive success and offspring well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Marcho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Oladele A Oluwayiose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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22
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Ghieh F, Mitchell V, Mandon-Pepin B, Vialard F. Genetic defects in human azoospermia. Basic Clin Androl 2019; 29:4. [PMID: 31024732 PMCID: PMC6477738 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-019-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many other diseases, genetic testing in human azoospermia was initially restricted to karyotype analyses (leading to diagnostic chromosome rearrangement tests for Klinefelter and other syndromes). With the advent of molecular biology in the 1980s, genetic screening was broadened to analyses of Y chromosome microdeletions and the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Decades later, the emergence of whole-genome techniques has led to the identification of other genetic defects associated with human azoospermia. Although TEX11 and ADGRG2 defects are frequently described in men with azoospermia, most of the causal gene defects found to date are private (i.e. identified in a small number of consanguineous families). Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of all the types of genetic defects known to be linked to human azoospermia and try to give clinical practice guidelines according to azoospermia phenotype. Along with homozygous mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic defects are also briefly discussed. However, as these variations predispose to azoospermia, a specific review will be needed to compile data on all the particular genetic variations reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ghieh
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Mitchell
- 2CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France.,3EA4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - François Vialard
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Division, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, Poissy, France
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23
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Chinnasamy T, Kingsley JL, Inci F, Turek PJ, Rosen MP, Behr B, Tüzel E, Demirci U. Guidance and Self-Sorting of Active Swimmers: 3D Periodic Arrays Increase Persistence Length of Human Sperm Selecting for the Fittest. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700531. [PMID: 29610725 PMCID: PMC5827459 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is a reproductive disease, and existing clinical solutions for this condition often involve long and cumbersome sperm sorting methods, including preprocessing and centrifugation-based steps. These methods also fall short when sorting for sperm free of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and epigenetic aberrations. Although several microfluidic platforms exist, they suffer from structural complexities, i.e., pumps or chemoattractants, setting insurmountable barriers to clinical adoption. Inspired by the natural filter-like capabilities of the female reproductive tract for sperm selection, a model-driven design, featuring pillar arrays that efficiently and noninvasively isolate highly motile and morphologically normal sperm, with lower epigenetic global methylation, from raw semen, is presented. The Simple Periodic ARray for Trapping And isolatioN (SPARTAN) created here modulates the directional persistence of sperm, increasing the spatial separation between progressive and nonprogressive motile sperm populations within an unprecedentedly short 10 min assay time. With over 99% motility of sorted sperm, a 5-fold improvement in morphology, 3-fold increase in nuclear maturity, and 2-4-fold enhancement in DNA integrity, SPARTAN offers to standardize sperm selection while eliminating operator-to-operator variations, centrifugation, and flow. SPARTAN can also be applied in other areas, including conservation ecology, breeding of farm animals, and design of flagellar microrobots for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruppathiraja Chinnasamy
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | - James L. Kingsley
- Department of PhysicsWorcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA01609USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
| | | | - Mitchell P. Rosen
- Department of OBGYNUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCA94158USA
| | - Barry Behr
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of PhysicsWorcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA01609USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologyStanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy)Stanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
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24
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Santi D, De Vincentis S, Magnani E, Spaggiari G. Impairment of sperm DNA methylation in male infertility: a meta-analytic study. Andrology 2018; 5:695-703. [PMID: 28718528 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), DNA methylation of specific genes involved in spermatogenesis achieves increasingly clinical relevance, representing a possible explanation of increased incidence of syndromes related to genomic imprinting in medically assisted pregnancies. Several trials suggested a relationship between male sub-fertility and sperm DNA methylation, although its weight on seminal parameters alteration is still a matter of debate. To evaluate whether aberrant sperm DNA methylation of imprinted genes is associated with impaired sperm parameters. Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials evaluating imprinted genes sperm DNA methylation comparing men with idiopathic infertility to fertile controls. Twenty-four studies were included, allowing a meta-analytic evaluation for H19, MEST, SNRPN, and LINE-1. When a high heterogeneity of the results was demonstrated, the random effect model was used. H19 methylation levels resulted significantly lower in 879 infertile compared with 562 fertile men (7.53%, 95% CI: 5.14-9.93%, p < 0.001), suggesting a 9.91-fold higher risk ratio to show aberrant sperm DNA methylation (95% CI: 5.55-17.70, p < 0.001, I2 = 19%) in infertile men. The mean MEST methylation level was significantly higher in 846 infertile compared with 353 fertile men (3.35%, 95% CI: 1.41-5.29%, p < 0.001), as well as for SNRPN comparing 301 infertile men with 124 controls (3.23%, 95% CI: 0.75-5.72%, p < 0.001). LINE-1 methylation levels did not differ between 291 infertile men and 198 controls (0.44%, 95% CI: -2.04-1.16%, p = 0.63). The meta-analytic approach demonstrated that male infertility is associated with altered sperm methylation at H19, MEST, and SNRPN. Although its role in infertility remains unclear, sperm DNA methylation could be associated with the epigenetic risk in ART. In this setting, before proposing this analysis in clinical practice, an accurate identification of the most representative genes and a cost-effectiveness evaluation should be assessed in ad hoc prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda OU of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - S De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda OU of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - E Magnani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda OU of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - G Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda OU of Modena, Modena, Italy
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25
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Laqqan M, Hammadeh ME. Aberrations in sperm DNA methylation patterns of males suffering from reduced fecundity. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29072328 DOI: 10.1111/and.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aberrations in sperm DNA methylation patterns of males suffering from reduced fecundity. A total of 108 males (65 males suffering from reduced fecundity as cases and 43 proven fertile males as a control) were included in the study. Thirty samples were subjected to 450K arrays as a screening phase, and then, three CpG sites located in the following genes: TYRO3, CGβ and FAM189A1 were selected to validate on 78 samples using deep bisulphite sequencing. A significant difference in the methylation level was found between cases and controls at all CpGs in TYRO3 gene-related amplicon (CpG1, p ≤ .003, CpG2, p ≤ .0001, CpG3, p ≤ .003 and CpG4, p ≤ .030) and CpG1 in CGβ gene-related amplicon (p ≤ .0001). Besides, a significant difference was found at two CpGs (CpG1, p ≤ .004 and CpG2, p ≤ .002) tested in the FAM189A1 gene-related amplicon. A significant correlation was found between the methylation level at CpG1 in the FAM189A1 gene and the different types of sperm motility. In conclusion, an alteration in the methylation levels of sperm DNA from males with reduced fecundity was showed. In addition, a relationship between variations in the methylation level of these CpGs and sperm motility has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laqqan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - M E Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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26
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Camprubí C, Cigliano RA, Salas-Huetos A, Garrido N, Blanco J. What the human sperm methylome tells us. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1299-1315. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To characterize the sperm methylome in semen samples from 19 donors with proven fertility. Materials & methods: Bisulfite-converted sperm DNA was hybridized on the HumanMethylation450 Infinium BeadChip platform. CpG fluorescence intensities were extracted and converted to β-values. Results: The sperm methylome is highly homogeneous and hypomethylated. Genes with hypomethylated promoters are ontologically associated to biological functions related to spermatogenesis and embryogenesis. Sex chromosomes are the most hypomethylated chromosomes, supporting data that indicated their essential role in spermatogenesis. A total of 94 genes are resistant to demethylation, being strong candidates for transgenerational inheritance. Conclusion: Spermatozoa carry a homogeneous methylation profile that is a footprint of past events (spermatogenesis), is designed to facilitate future events (embryogenesis) and has a possible influence in the adult life (transgenerational effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camprubí
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cellular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
- GenIntegral, Barcelona, Spain
- Reference Laboratory Genetics, Pablo Iglesias 57-59, 08908-L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Aiese Cigliano
- Sequentia Biotech, Edifici Eureka, Campus UAB, 08193-Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cellular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Nicolas Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Parc Científic Universitat de València, 46980-Paterna, Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cellular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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27
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Laqqan M, Solomayer EF, Hammadeh M. Aberrations in sperm DNA methylation patterns are associated with abnormalities in semen parameters of subfertile males. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:246-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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de Angelis C, Galdiero M, Pivonello C, Salzano C, Gianfrilli D, Piscitelli P, Lenzi A, Colao A, Pivonello R. The environment and male reproduction: The effect of cadmium exposure on reproductive function and its implication in fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:105-127. [PMID: 28774687 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant known as endocrine disruptor. Testis is particularly susceptible to cadmium, and testis injury occurs at high but even low levels of exposure. Cadmium reproductive toxicity is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including structural damage to testis vasculature and blood-testis barrier, inflammation, cytotoxicity on Sertoli and Leydig cells, oxidative stress mainly by means of mimicry and interference with essential ions, apoptosis, interference with selected signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation of genes involved in the regulation of reproductive function, and disturbance of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. The current review outlines epidemiological observational findings from environmental and occupational exposure in humans, and reports experimental studies in humans and animals. Lastly, a focus on the pathogenetic mechanisms of cadmium toxicity and on the specific mechanisms of cadmium sensitivity and resistance, particularly assessed in animal models, is included. Despite convincing experimental findings in animals and supporting evidences in humans identifying cadmium as reproductive toxicant, observational findings are controversial, suffering from heterogeneity of study design and pattern of exposure, and from co-exposure to multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ciro Salzano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
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29
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Laqqan M, Tierling S, Alkhaled Y, Lo Porto C, Solomayer EF, Hammadeh M. Spermatozoa from males with reduced fecundity exhibit differential DNA methylation patterns. Andrology 2017; 5:971-978. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Laqqan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - S. Tierling
- Life Science; Department of Genetics & Epigenetics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Y. Alkhaled
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - C. Lo Porto
- Life Science; Department of Genetics & Epigenetics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - E. F. Solomayer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - M. Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Assisted Reproduction Laboratory; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
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30
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Marques PI, Fernandes S, Carvalho F, Barros A, Sousa M, Marques CJ. DNA methylation imprinting errors in spermatogenic cells from maturation arrest azoospermic patients. Andrology 2017; 5:451-459. [PMID: 28296202 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imprinting errors have been described in spermatozoa from infertile patients with oligozoospermia and azoospermia. However, little is known about methylation of imprinted genes in other spermatogenic cells from azoospermic patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the methylation status of single CpGs located in the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of two imprinted genes, one paternally (H19) and one maternally (MEST) methylated, in primary spermatocytes of azoospermic patients presenting complete (MAc, n = 7) and incomplete (MAi, n = 8) maturation arrest, as well as in other spermatogenic cells from MAi patients that presented focus of complete spermatogenesis in some seminiferous tubules. We observed H19 imprinting errors in primary spermatocytes from one MAi patient and MEST imprinting errors in one MAi and two MAc patients. Additionally, H19 imprinting errors were observed in elongated spermatids/spermatozoa from one MAi patient. Nevertheless, no statistical differences were found for H19 and MEST global methylation levels (percentage of methylated and unmethylated CpGs, respectively) between patients with complete and incomplete MA and also between MA groups and a control group. These results provide further evidence that imprinting errors occur in spermatogenic cells from patients presenting impaired spermatogenesis, as we and others have previously described in ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa. As paternal imprinting errors can be transmitted to the embryo by the sperm cell, they can provide a possible explanation for poor embryo development and/or low pregnancy rates as correct expression of imprinted genes is crucial for embryo and placental development and function. Therefore, in cases with male factor infertility where unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments are recurrent, analysis of imprinting marks in spermatozoa might be a useful diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Marques
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Reproductive Genetics A Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Sousa
- Centre for Reproductive Genetics A Barros, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research-UMIB, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C J Marques
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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31
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Camprubí C, Salas-Huetos A, Aiese-Cigliano R, Godo A, Pons MC, Castellano G, Grossmann M, Sanseverino W, Martin-Subero JI, Garrido N, Blanco J. Spermatozoa from infertile patients exhibit differences of DNA methylation associated with spermatogenesis-related processes: an array-based analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:709-719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Uysal F, Akkoyunlu G, Ozturk S. DNA methyltransferases exhibit dynamic expression during spermatogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:690-702. [PMID: 27687053 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic marks and plays critically important functions during spermatogenesis in mammals. DNA methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes, which are responsible for the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine residues within cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) and non-CpG dinucleotide sites. Structurally and functionally five different DNMT enzymes have been identified in mammals, including DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and DNMT3L. These enzymes mainly play roles in two DNA methylation processes: maintenance and de novo. While DNMT1 is primarily responsible for maintenance methylation via transferring methyl groups to the hemi-methylated DNA strands following DNA replication, both DNMT3A and DNMT3B are capable of methylating unmodified cytosine residues, known as de novo methylation. However, DNMT3L indirectly participates in de novo methylation, and DNMT2 carries out methylation of the cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of aspartic acid transfer RNA. To date, many studies have been performed to determine spatial and temporal expression levels and functional features of the DNMT in the male germ cells. This review article comprehensively discusses dynamic expression of the DNMT during spermatogenesis and their relationship with male infertility development in the light of existing investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Campus 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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33
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Cui X, Jing X, Wu X, Yan M, Li Q, Shen Y, Wang Z. DNA methylation in spermatogenesis and male infertility. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1973-1979. [PMID: 27698683 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a significant problem for human reproduction, with males and females equally affected. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying male infertility remain unclear. Spermatogenesis is a highly complex process involving mitotic cell division, meiosis cell division and spermiogenesis; during this period, unique and extensive chromatin and epigenetic modifications occur to bring about specific epigenetic profiles in spermatozoa. It has recently been suggested that the dysregulation of epigenetic modifications, in particular the methylation of sperm genomic DNA, may serve an important role in the development of numerous diseases. The present study is a comprehensive review on the topic of male infertility, aiming to elucidate the association between sperm genomic DNA methylation and poor semen quality in male infertility. In addition, the current status of the genetic and epigenetic determinants of spermatogenesis in humans is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China; Division of Clinical Microbiology The Center Hospital of Linfen, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
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Louie K, Minor A, Ng R, Poon K, Chow V, Ma S. Evaluation of DNA methylation at imprinted DMRs in the spermatozoa of oligozoospermic men in association with MTHFR C677T genotype. Andrology 2016; 4:825-31. [PMID: 27369467 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Altered DNA methylation has been previously identified in the spermatozoa of infertile men; however, the origins of these errors are poorly understood. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification which is thought to play a fundamental role in male germline development. DNA methylation reactions rely on the cellular availability of methyl donors, which are primarily products of folate metabolism, where a key enzyme is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reduces enzyme activity and may potentially alter DNA methylation processes during germline development. The objective of this study was to determine whether altered DNA methylation in spermatozoa is associated with the MTHFR C677T SNP. DNA methylation was evaluated at the H19, IG-GTL2, and MEST imprinted differentially methylated regions in the spermatozoa of 53 men - 44 oligozoospermic men and nine fertile men with normal sperm parameters via bisulfite sequencing of sperm clones. The 44 infertile men were stratified by severity of oligozoospermia - three normal (>15 million spermatozoa/mL), eight moderate (5-15 million spermatozoa/mL), 23 severe (1-5 million spermatozoa/mL), and 10 very severe (<1 million spermatozoa/mL). MTHFR C677T SNP genotyping was conducted in a subset of 44 peripheral blood samples via restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of three men - severe oligozoospermic and CT genotype - were found to be altered, which is defined as having ≥50% of their clones altered, where an altered clone was in turn defined as ≥50% of CpGs with incorrect DNA methylation patterns. The incidence of three altered men within the CT subgroup, however, was not significantly higher than the incidence in the CC subgroup. Taken together, altered DNA methylation in spermatozoa was not significantly associated with the MTHFR C677T SNP; however, there was a trend for higher incidence of alterations among severe oligozoospermic infertile men with CT genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Louie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Minor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - V Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ren H, Ferguson K, Kirkpatrick G, Vinning T, Chow V, Ma S. Altered Crossover Distribution and Frequency in Spermatocytes of Infertile Men with Azoospermia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156817. [PMID: 27273078 PMCID: PMC4894629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair to facilitate the exchange of DNA at crossover sites along the chromosomes. The frequency and distribution of crossover formation are tightly regulated to ensure the proper progression of meiosis. Using immunofluorescence techniques, our group and others have studied the meiotic proteins in spermatocytes of infertile men, showing that this population displays a reduced frequency of crossovers compared to fertile men. An insufficient number of crossovers is thought to promote chromosome missegregation, in which case the faulty cell may face meiotic arrest or contribute to the production of aneuploid sperm. Increasing evidence in model organisms has suggested that the distribution of crossovers may also be important for proper chromosome segregation. In normal males, crossovers are shown to be rare near centromeres and telomeres, while frequent in subtelomeric regions. Our study aims to characterize the crossover distribution in infertile men with non-obstructive (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (OA) along chromosomes 13, 18 and 21. Eight of the 16 NOA men and five of the 21 OA men in our study displayed reduced crossover frequency compared to control fertile men. Seven NOA men and nine OA men showed altered crossover distributions on at least one of the chromosome arms studied compared to controls. We found that although both NOA and OA men displayed altered crossover distributions, NOA men may be at a higher risk of suffering both altered crossover frequencies and distributions compared to OA men. Our data also suggests that infertile men display an increase in crossover formation in regions where they are normally inhibited, specifically near centromeres and telomeres. Finally, we demonstrated a decrease in crossovers near subtelomeres, as well as increased average crossover distance to telomeres in infertile men. As telomere-guided mechanisms are speculated to play a role in crossover formation in subtelomeres, future studies linking crossover distribution with telomere integrity and sperm aneuploidy may provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying male infertility.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aneuploidy
- Azoospermia/epidemiology
- Azoospermia/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosome Segregation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Crossing Over, Genetic
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infertility, Male/epidemiology
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Meiosis/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Recombination, Genetic
- Semen Analysis/statistics & numerical data
- Spermatocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Kyle Ferguson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Gordon Kirkpatrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Tanya Vinning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Victor Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail:
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Vincent RN, Gooding LD, Louie K, Chan Wong E, Ma S. Altered DNA methylation and expression of PLAGL1 in cord blood from assisted reproductive technology pregnancies compared with natural conceptions. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:739-748.e3. [PMID: 27178226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate DNA methylation and expression of imprinted genes and an imprinted gene network (IGN) in neonates conceived via assisted reproductive technology (ART). DESIGN Case control. SETTING Research institution. PATIENT(S) Two hundred sixty-four cases of cord blood and/or placental villi from neonates (101 IVF, 81 ICSI, 82 naturally conceived). INTERVENTION(S) Placentas were obtained at birth for biopsy and cord blood extraction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) DNA methylation and expression of imprinted genes. RESULT(S) DNA methylation at the PLAGL1 differentially methylated region (DMR) was significantly higher in IVF cord blood (48.0%) compared with controls (46.0%). No differences were found in DNA methylation between conception modes for KvDMR1 and LINE-1 in cord blood and placenta as well as PLAGL1 and PEG10 in placenta villi. PLAGL1 expression was lower in both IVF and ICSI cord blood groups than in controls (relative quantification of 0.65, 0.74, 0.89, respectively). Analyzing the expression of 3 genes in a PLAGL1 regulated IGN revealed different expression between conception modes and a significant correlation to PLAGL1 expression in only one (KCNQ1OT1). CONCLUSION(S) Our results suggest a stability of DNA methylation at imprinted DMRs; however, we show PLAGL1 methylation/expression to be altered after ART. As PLAGL1 expression correlated with only one of the three IGN genes in cord blood, we propose there is a more complex mechanism of regulating the IGN that may involve other genes and epigenetic modifications in this tissue. Further research investigating IGN-implicated genes in various neonatal tissues is warranted to elucidate the full effects ART-induced alterations to PLAGL1 and the IGN may have on fetal growth/development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Vincent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke D Gooding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenny Louie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edgar Chan Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Ni K, Dansranjavin T, Rogenhofer N, Oeztuerk N, Deuker J, Bergmann M, Schuppe HC, Wagenlehner F, Weidner W, Steger K, Schagdarsurengin U. TET enzymes are successively expressed during human spermatogenesis and their expression level is pivotal for male fertility. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1411-24. [PMID: 27141042 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are ten-eleven-translocation (TET) 1-3 family enzymes involved in human spermatogenesis and do they impact male fertility? SUMMARY ANSWER TET1, TET2 and TET3 are successively expressed at different stages of human spermatogenesis, and their expression levels associate with male fertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Spermatogenesis is a complex cell differentiation process accompanied by a drastic epigenetic remodeling. TET1-3 dioxygenases are essential for active DNA demethylation in the paternal pronucleus and in embryonic stem cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Expression of TET1-3 mRNAs and proteinss and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) proteins were analyzed in human testis tissues from men with obstructive azoospermia and exhibiting histologically normal spermatogenesis. Ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic healthy volunteers, the 'controls' (TET1: n = 58; TET2-3: n = 63), and subfertile men who participated with their female partners in an ICSI-program, the 'patients' (TET1: n = 66; TET2-3: n = 64), were analyzed concerning the stored TET1-3 mRNAs, and the values were correlated to semen parameters and ICSI-outcomes. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Testis sections were used for in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies to determine TET1-3 mRNA and protein expression, and for immunofluorescence (IF) detection of 5-hmC. Sperm samples from controls were analyzed by western blot, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and RT-PCR concerning the presence of non-degraded TET1-3 protein and mRNA. Sperm samples from controls and patients were used for quantitative TET1-3 mRNA analyses (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and for comparative statistical evaluations under consideration of semen parameters and ICSI-outcome (pregnancy). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During human spermatogenesis TET1-3 proteins are successively expressed: TET2 is expressed in the cytoplasm of late pachytene spermatocytes of Stage V, TET1 starts to be expressed in the nuclei of Step 1 round spermatids at Stage I, and TET3 starts to be expressed in the nuclei of Step 3 round spermatids at Stage III. Five-hmC appears only in Step 5 elongated spermatids. All three TETs are still detectable at the mRNA and protein level in sperm cells in considerable amounts. Control men generally exhibited higher levels of TET1-3 in sperm. TET1- and TET3-mRNA levels in sperm were significantly negatively correlated with age (P = 0.0025 and P = 0.0343) and positively correlated with progressive sperm motility (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.018). All TETs showed a significant association with sperm concentration (P < 0.03). Patients diagnosed with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia (TET1: n = 35; TET2-3: n = 32) showed significantly reduced TET1-3 in sperm in comparison to controls (P = 0.003, P = 0.041 and P = 0.028), but not compared with normozoospermic patients. Levels of TET3 in sperm was significantly associated with high-fertilization rates (P = 0.009). Concerning ICSI-outcome, the lowest levels of TET1-3 mRNAs in sperm were found in the non-pregnant group. Increased TET2 in sperm was significantly associated with pregnancy (P = 0.006). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our results concerning the association of the mRNA level of TETs in ejaculated sperm cells to different fertility parameters are descriptive. Further studies clarifying the reasons for decreased TET1-3 levels in subfertile men and their effect on their sperm methylome are essential. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study gives a substantial indication that in human spermiogenesis, an active DNA demethylation process occurs with an involvement of TET enzymes, and that the level of TET1-3 expression is pivotal for male fertility. STUDY FUNDING Research grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to U.S. (SCHA1531/1-1 and SCHA1531/2-1). COMPETING INTERESTS None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ni
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Temuujin Dansranjavin
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Rogenhofer
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre of Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nihan Oeztuerk
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Johanna Deuker
- Division of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 94, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Steger
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Undraga Schagdarsurengin
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim Str. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Gunes S, Arslan MA, Hekim GNT, Asci R. The role of epigenetics in idiopathic male infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:553-569. [PMID: 26941097 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a complex disorder with multiple genetic and environmental causes. Although some specific mutations have been identified, other factors responsible for sperm defects remain largely unknown. Despite considerable efforts to identify the pathophysiology of the disease, we cannot explain the underlying mechanisms of approximately half of infertility cases. This study reviews current data on epigenetic regulation and idiopathic male infertility. Recent data have shown an association between epigenetic modifications and idiopathic infertility. In this regard, epigenetics has emerged as one of the promising research areas in understanding male infertility. Many studies have indicated that epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation in imprinted and developmental genes, histone tail modifications and short non-coding RNAs in spermatozoa may have a role in idiopathic male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgin Gunes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Alper Arslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | | | - Ramazan Asci
- Health Sciences Institute, Department of Multidisciplinary Molecular Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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Laurentino S, Borgmann J, Gromoll J. On the origin of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity. Reproduction 2016; 151:R71-8. [PMID: 26884419 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of epigenetic modifications on reproduction and on the function of male germ cells has been thoroughly demonstrated. In particular, aberrant DNA methylation levels in sperm have been associated with abnormal sperm parameters, lower fertilization rates and impaired embryo development. Recent reports have indicated that human sperm might be epigenetically heterogeneous and that abnormal DNA methylation levels found in the sperm of infertile men could be due to the presence of sperm populations with different epigenetic quality. However, the origin and the contribution of different germ cell types to this suspected heterogeneity remain unclear. In this review, we focus on sperm epigenetics at the DNA methylation level and its importance in reproduction. We take into account the latest developments and hypotheses concerning the functional significance of epigenetic heterogeneity coming from the field of stem cell and cancer biology and discuss the potential importance and consequences of sperm epigenetic heterogeneity for reproduction, male (in)fertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Based on the current information, we propose a model in which spermatogonial stem cell variability, either intrinsic or due to external factors (such as endocrine action and environmental stimuli), can lead to epigenetic sperm heterogeneity, sperm epimutations and male infertility. The elucidation of the precise causes for epimutations, the conception of adequate therapeutic options and the development of sperm selection technologies based on epigenetic quality should be regarded as crucial to the improvement of ART outcome in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laurentino
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and AndrologyAlbert-Schweitzer Campus, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Borgmann
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and AndrologyAlbert-Schweitzer Campus, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and AndrologyAlbert-Schweitzer Campus, Münster, Germany
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40
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Xu J, Zhang A, Zhang Z, Wang P, Qian Y, He L, Shi H, Xing Q, Du J. DNA methylation levels of imprinted and nonimprinted genes DMRs associated with defective human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2016; 48:939-947. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/Institute of Reproduction & Development; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - A. Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Z. Zhang
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/Institute of Reproduction & Development; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - P. Wang
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/Institute of Reproduction & Development; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Y. Qian
- Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - L. He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Bio-X Institutes; Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders; Ministry of Education; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - H. Shi
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/Institute of Reproduction & Development; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Q. Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - J. Du
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices; Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research/Institute of Reproduction & Development; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Sakian S, Louie K, Wong EC, Havelock J, Kashyap S, Rowe T, Taylor B, Ma S. Altered gene expression of H19 and IGF2 in placentas from ART pregnancies. Placenta 2015; 36:1100-5. [PMID: 26386650 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to determine whether the gene expression and associated DNA methylation regulation of H19 and IGF2 are altered in placentas conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) compared to natural conceptions. METHODS 113 pregnancies were recruited resulting in 119 placentas (83 singletons and 36 twins), where 56 were conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF), 41 via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and 22 naturally. Regulation of imprinting of H19 and IGF2 was determined by the DNA methylation status at three CpG sites within the H19 imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) using bisulphite pyrosequencing. Expression of H19 and IGF2 in 45 of these placentas (17 IVF, 14 ICSI, and 14 NC) was measured by determining the relative mRNA transcript levels using RT-qPCR in placental villi. RESULTS Placental weight and birth weight were not significantly different between groups. H19 expression was significantly increased in both IVF and ICSI placentas when compared to controls (1.8 and 1.9 fold higher, respectively). Conversely, IGF2 was significantly decreased in both ART groups (0.8 and 0.7 fold lower, respectively). Mean DNA methylation at ICR1 was found to be similar between all groups. No correlation was found between DNA methylation at ICR1 and expression of either gene. However, a significant inverse relationship was found between H19 and IGF2 expression. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of altered H19 and IGF2 expression in ART placentas. The altered expression pattern may suggest a loss of imprinting on the paternal allele. Furthermore, these alterations may not be entirely associated with DNA methylation at ICR1. We show further indirect evidence of the H19-IGF2 inverse expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sakian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenny Louie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edgar Chan Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jon Havelock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonya Kashyap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy Rowe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beth Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kuhtz J, Schneider E, El Hajj N, Zimmermann L, Fust O, Linek B, Seufert R, Hahn T, Schorsch M, Haaf T. Epigenetic heterogeneity of developmentally important genes in human sperm: implications for assisted reproduction outcome. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1648-58. [PMID: 25625849 PMCID: PMC4622742 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.988063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of male infertility is poorly understood, the majority of cases remaining unsolved. The association of aberrant sperm DNA methylation patterns and compromised semen parameters suggests that disturbances in male germline epigenetic reprogramming contribute to this problem. So far there are only few data on the epigenetic heterogeneity of sperm within a given sample and how to select the best sperm for successful infertility treatment. Limiting dilution bisulfite sequencing of small pools of sperm from fertile donors did not reveal significant differences in the occurrence of abnormal methylation imprints between sperm with and without morphological abnormalities. Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection was not associated with an improved epigenetic quality, compared to standard intracytoplasmatic sperm injection. Deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS) of 2 imprinted and 2 pluripotency genes in sperm from men attending a fertility center showed that in both samples with normozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) the vast majority of sperm alleles was normally (de)methylated and the percentage of epimutations (allele methylation errors) was generally low (<1%). However, DBS allowed one to identify and quantify these rare epimutations with high accuracy. Sperm samples not leading to a pregnancy, in particular in the OAT group, had significantly more epimutations in the paternally methylated GTL2 gene than samples leading to a live birth. All 13 normozoospermic and 13 OAT samples leading to a child had <1% GTL2 epimutations, whereas one (7%) of 14 normozoospermic and 7 (50%) of 14 OAT samples without pregnancy displayed 1–14% GTL2 epimutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kuhtz
- a Institute of Human Genetics ; Julius Maximilians University ; Würzburg , Germany
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Davidson LM, Millar K, Jones C, Fatum M, Coward K. Deleterious effects of obesity upon the hormonal and molecular mechanisms controlling spermatogenesis and male fertility. HUM FERTIL 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2015.1070438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Kläver R, Gromoll J. Bringing epigenetics into the diagnostics of the andrology laboratory: challenges and perspectives. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:669-74. [PMID: 24923457 PMCID: PMC4215682 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.125412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown significant associations of aberrant DNA methylation in spermatozoa with idiopathic male infertility, increased frequency of spontaneous abortions and imprinting disorders. Thus, the analysis of DNA methylation of specific genes in spermatozoa has the potential to become a new valuable diagnostic marker in clinical andrology. This perspective article discusses the current state and value of DNA methylation analysis in the diagnostic setup of infertile men and outlines challenges and perspectives. It highlights the potential of DNA methylation in andrological diagnostics and its putative benefit in the examination of hitherto idiopathic infertile patients is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinics of Münster, Münster, Germany
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45
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46
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Nickkholgh B, Mizrak SC, van Daalen SKM, Korver CM, Sadri-Ardekani H, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Genetic and epigenetic stability of human spermatogonial stem cells during long-term culture. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1700-7.e1. [PMID: 25256932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the genetic and epigenetic stability of human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) during long-term culture. DESIGN Experimental basic science study. SETTING Reproductive biology laboratory. PATIENT(S) Cryopreserved human testicular tissue from two prostate cancer patients with normal spermatogenesis. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Testicular cells before and 50 days after culturing were subjected to ITGA6 magnetic-activated cell sorting to enrich for SSCs. Individual spermatogonia were analyzed for aneuploidies with the use of single-cell 24-chromosome screening. Furthermore, the DNA methylation statuses of the paternally imprinted genes H19, H19-DMR (differentially methylated region), and MEG3 and the maternally imprinted genes KCNQ1OT1 and PEG3 were identified by means of bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS(S) Aneuploidy screening showed euploidy with no chromosomal abnormalities in all cultured and most noncultured spermatogonia from both patients. The methylation assays demonstrated demethylation of the paternally imprinted genes H19, H19-DMR, and MEG3 of 11%-28%, 43%-68%, and 18%-26%, respectively, and increased methylation of the maternally imprinted genes PEG 3 and KCNQ1OT of 13%-50% and 30%-38%, respectively, during culture. CONCLUSION(S) In the current culture system for human SSCs propagation, genomic stability is preserved, which is important for future clinical use. Whether the observed changes in methylation status have consequences on functionality of SSCs or health of offspring derived from transplanted SSCs requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Nickkholgh
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Canan Mizrak
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia K M van Daalen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy M Korver
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hooman Sadri-Ardekani
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ans M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sánchez V, Wistuba J, Mallidis C. Semen analysis: update on clinical value, current needs and future perspectives. Reproduction 2013; 146:R249-58. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
At present, evaluation of male reproductive function consists primarily of routine semen analysis, a collection of conventional microscopic assessments ideally performed following the guidelines set by the World Health Organization. While providing some insight into testicular function, these long-performed tests are limited in the information that they impart; more specifically, they are unable to predict true fertility potential. As a consequence, there is a need for the appraisal and consideration of newer semen parameters that may be more indicative of reproductive success. Although various novel assays have been introduced that broaden the scope of information available to both researcher and clinician, the utility of these tests remains limited due to the lack of standardisation of protocols and the absence of clinically established, dependable reference ranges. As such, it is not surprising that most of these parameters and their associated methods remain recommended for ‘research purposes only’. With the burgeoning ‘omics’ revolution, nanotechnology and the development of new analytical instruments, there is now an opportunity for the identification and measurement of previously unknown features that may prove to be more indicative of each sperm's true functional status and capability. Once optimised, simplified, clinically validated and made more readily accessible, these new approaches hold the promise of forming the fulcrum upon which andrological investigations can enter a new era.
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48
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Fauser BCJM, Devroey P, Diedrich K, Balaban B, Bonduelle M, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Estella C, Ezcurra D, Geraedts JPM, Howles CM, Lerner-Geva L, Serna J, Wells D. Health outcomes of children born after IVF/ICSI: a review of current expert opinion and literature. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 28:162-82. [PMID: 24365026 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Sixth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Group Meeting was held to evaluate the impact of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection on the health of assisted-conception children. Epidemiologists, reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists and geneticists presented data from published literature and ongoing research on the incidence of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities and congenital malformations in assisted-conception versus naturally conceived children to reach a consensus on the reasons for potential differences in outcomes between these two groups. IVF-conceived children have lower birthweights and higher peripheral fat, blood pressure and fasting glucose concentrations than controls. Growth, development and cognitive function in assisted-conception children are similar to controls. The absolute risk of imprinting disorders after assisted reproduction is less than 1%. A direct link between assisted reproduction and health-related outcomes in assisted-conception children could not be established. Women undergoing assisted reproduction are often older, increasing the chances of obtaining abnormal gametes that may cause deviations in outcomes between assisted-conception and naturally conceived children. However, after taking into account these factors, it is not clear to what extent poorer outcomes are due to the assisted reproduction procedures themselves. Large-scale, multicentre, prospective epidemiological studies are needed to investigate this further and to confirm long-term health consequences in assisted-conception children. Assisted reproduction treatment is a general term used to describe methods of achieving pregnancy by artificial means and includes IVF and sperm implantation. The effect of assisted reproduction treatment on the health of children born using these artificial methods is not fully understood. In April 2011, fertility research experts met to give presentations based on research in this area and to look carefully at the evidence for the effects of assisted reproduction treatment on children's health. The purpose of this review was to reach an agreement on whether there are differences in the health of assisted-conception children with naturally conceived children. The researchers discovered no increased risk in birth defects in assisted-conception children compared with naturally conceived children. They found that IVF-conceived children have lower birth weights and higher fat under the skin, higher blood pressure and higher fasting glucose concentrations than naturally conceived children; however, growth, development and cognitive function are similar between groups. A very low risk of disorders of genetic control was observed in assisted-conception children. Overall, there did not appear to be a direct link between assisted reproduction treatment and children's health. The researchers concluded that the cause of some differences in the health of children conceived using assisted reproduction treatment may be due to the age of the woman receiving treatment. Large-scale, research studies are needed to study the long-term health of children conceived using assisted reproduction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C J M Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P Devroey
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Diedrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - B Balaban
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Guzelbahce Sokak No 20, Nisantasi, Istanbul 34365, Turkey
| | - M Bonduelle
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - C Estella
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Valencia University, and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Parc Científic Universitat de València C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino n(o) 9, Edificio 3, 46980 Paterna, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Ezcurra
- Global Development and Medical Unit, Merck Serono SA Geneva, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P M Geraedts
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C M Howles
- Global Development and Medical Unit, Merck Serono SA Geneva, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Lerner-Geva
- Woman and Child Health Research Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - J Serna
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Zaragoza, C/María Zambrano, 31, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Wells
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Ferfouri F, Boitrelle F, Ghout I, Albert M, Molina Gomes D, Wainer R, Bailly M, Selva J, Vialard F. A genome-wide DNA methylation study in azoospermia. Andrology 2013; 1:815-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ferfouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - F. Boitrelle
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - I. Ghout
- Clinical Research Department; Ambroise Paré Hospital; Boulogne France
| | - M. Albert
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - D. Molina Gomes
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - R. Wainer
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - M. Bailly
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - J. Selva
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - F. Vialard
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
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50
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McPherson NO, Bakos HW, Owens JA, Setchell BP, Lane M. Improving metabolic health in obese male mice via diet and exercise restores embryo development and fetal growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71459. [PMID: 23977045 PMCID: PMC3747240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal obesity is now clearly associated with or causal of impaired embryo and fetal development and reduced pregnancy rates in humans and rodents. This appears to be a result of reduced blastocyst potential. Whether these adverse embryo and fetal outcomes can be ameliorated by interventions to reduce paternal obesity has not been established. Here, male mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were used, to determine if early embryo and fetal development is improved by interventions of diet (CD) and/or exercise to reduce adiposity and improve metabolism. Exercise and to a lesser extent CD in obese males improved embryo development rates, with increased cell to cell contacts in the compacting embryo measured by E-cadherin in exercise interventions and subsequently, increased blastocyst trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast cell numbers. Implantation rates and fetal development from resulting blastocysts were also improved by exercise in obese males. Additionally, all interventions to obese males increased fetal weight, with CD alone and exercise alone, also increasing fetal crown-rump length. Measures of embryo and fetal development correlated with paternal measures of glycaemia, insulin action and serum lipids regardless of paternal adiposity or intervention, suggesting a link between paternal metabolic health and subsequent embryo and fetal development. This is the first study to show that improvements to metabolic health of obese males through diet and exercise can improve embryo and fetal development, suggesting such interventions are likely to improve offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. McPherson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hassan W. Bakos
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A. Owens
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian P. Setchell
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Anatomy, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Lane
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
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