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Sato S, Kikuchi T, Nishimura Y, Yugami Y, Sakuraoka M, Kita Y, Fukuda T, Kobayashi M. Generation of mouse iPS cells using an inducible expression of transgenes via the cumate gene-switch. Anal Biochem 2020; 599:113748. [PMID: 32333903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We applied an inducible gene expression system that utilizes the p-cmt operon, the cumate gene-switch, to generate mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) E6E7-MEF cells were transfected with a single cumate gene-switch vector enabling concomitant expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, and Gfp. Then, the cells were cultured with cumate, a monoterpene. An increase in colonies positive for alkaline phosphatase activity was observed dose-dependently with cumate. In the absence of cumate, the expression of GFP, a marker for transgene expression, was undetectable in tightly aggregated iPS cell-like colonies with endogenous expression of NANOG and OCT4. From primary MEFs using the cumate gene-switch, we also isolated iPS cells expressing endogenous NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and SSEA1 with hypo-methylated genomic promoter regions of endogenous Nanog and Oct4. In embryoid bodies with the progression of differentiation, expression of markers for all three germ layers was detected, and contracting cardiomyocytes were observed. Overall, we suggest that the cumate gene-switch is applicable for the generation of mouse iPS cells. The cumate gene-switch in combination with other inducible systems, such as the tet system, may provide useful approaches for analyzing the roles of transgenes underlying the establishment of iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yugami
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakuraoka
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuto Kita
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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Kumagai Y, Kikuchi T, Nonaka A, Hiraide M, Sato S, Sakuraoka M, Sasaki A, Kobayashi M. Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine to serine residues affects heparin binding and mitogenicity in fibroblast growth factor 4 produced in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1590161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kumagai
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikuchi
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Asumi Nonaka
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Misuzu Hiraide
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakuraoka
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, Akita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Mori Y, Sakuraoka M, Suzuki T, Sato S, Sugawara S, Hiraide M, Sato S, Kobayashi M. Exogenous TPRX1 homeoprotein modulates the gene expression of lineage-specific transcription factors in human embryonal carcinoma cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1447396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mori
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakuraoka
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Saiko Sugawara
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Misuzu Hiraide
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory For Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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Royall AH, Maeso I, Dunwell TL, Holland PWH. Mouse Obox and Crxos modulate preimplantation transcriptional profiles revealing similarity between paralogous mouse and human homeobox genes. EvoDevo 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29423137 PMCID: PMC5787275 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-018-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ETCHbox genes are eutherian-specific homeobox genes expressed during preimplantation development at a time when the first cell lineage decisions are being made. The mouse has an unusual repertoire of ETCHbox genes with several gene families lost in evolution and the remaining two, Crxos and Obox, greatly divergent in sequence and number. Each has undergone duplication to give a double homeodomain Crxos locus and a large cluster of over 60 Obox loci. The gene content differences between species raise important questions about how evolution can tolerate loss of genes implicated in key developmental events. RESULTS We find that Crxos internal duplication occurred in the mouse lineage, while Obox duplication was stepwise, generating subgroups with distinct sequence and expression. Ectopic expression of three Obox genes and a Crxos transcript in primary mouse embryonic cells followed by transcriptome sequencing allowed investigation into their functional roles. We find distinct transcriptomic influences for different Obox subgroups and Crxos, including modulation of genes related to zygotic genome activation and preparation for blastocyst formation. Comparison with similar experiments performed using human homeobox genes reveals striking overlap between genes downstream of mouse Crxos and genes downstream of human ARGFX. CONCLUSIONS Mouse Crxos and human ARGFX homeobox genes are paralogous rather than orthologous, yet they have evolved to regulate a common set of genes. This suggests there was compensation of function alongside gene loss through co-option of a different locus. Functional compensation by non-orthologous genes with dissimilar sequences is unusual but may indicate underlying distributed robustness. Compensation may be driven by the strong evolutionary pressure for successful early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Royall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Ignacio Maeso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas L. Dunwell
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
| | - Peter W. H. Holland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS UK
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Sato Y, Sato S, Kikuchi T, Nonaka A, Kumagai Y, Sasaki A, Kobayashi M. Knockdown of gene expression by antisense morpholino oligos in preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:41-45. [PMID: 27381842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Knockdown of gene expression by antisense morpholino oligos (MOs) is a simple and effective method for analyzing the roles of genes in mammalian cells. Here, we demonstrate the efficient delivery of MOs by Endo-Porter (EP), a special transfection reagent for MOs, into preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro. A fluorescein-labeled control MO was applied for monitoring the incorporation of MOs into developing 2-cell embryos in the presence of varying amounts of EP and bovine serum albumin. In optimized conditions, fluorescence was detected in 2-cell embryos within a 3-h incubation period. In order to analyze the validity of the optimized conditions, an antisense Oct4 MO was applied for knockdown of the synthesis of OCT4 protein in developing embryos from the 2-cell stage. In blastocysts, the antisense Oct4 MO induced a decrease in the amount in OCT4 protein to less than half. An almost complete absence of OCT4-positive cells and nearly complete disappearance of the inner cell mass in the outgrowths of blastocysts were also noted. These phenotypes corresponded with those of Oct4-deficient mouse embryos. Overall, we suggest that the delivery of MOs using EP is useful for the knockdown of gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Shiori Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Asumi Nonaka
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuki Kumagai
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan; Akita Research Institute of Food and Brewing, 4-26 Sanuki, Araya-machi, Akita 010-1623, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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6
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Exogenous expression of homeoprotein EGAM1N prevents in vitro cardiomyogenesis by impairing expression of T and Nkx2.5, but not Mef2c, in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2431-2436. [PMID: 26983934 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of multiple cell types from embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is crucial to provide materials for regenerative medicine. EGAM1N has been found in preimplantation mouse embryos and mouse ES cells as a functionally unclassified homeoprotein. Recently, we reported that expression of EGAM1N suppressed the in vitro differentiation of ES cells into progenitor cells that arise in early embryogenesis. To clarify the effect of EGAM1N on terminal differentiation, embryoid bodies (EBs) were prepared from ES cells expressing exogenous Egam1n. In EBs expressing Egam1n, cardiomyogenesis was inhibited by impairing the expression of crucial transcription factors Brachyury T and Nkx2.5 in the generation of mesoderm and cardiomyocytes, respectively. Expression levels of Mef2c, another crucial gene for cardiomyogenesis, were unaffected. Conversely, the expression levels of Gata6 and Plat, markers for the primitive endoderm lineage, and Cdx2, a marker for the trophectoderm lineage, were increased. These results suggested that certain cell populations in EBs expressing Egam1n preferentially differentiated to such cell lineages. Our results suggest that EGAM1N not only affects the generation of progenitor cells during early embryogenesis, but also the progression of terminal differentiation, such as cardiomyogenesis, in mouse ES cells.
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7
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Partial inhibition of differentiation associated with elevated protein levels of pluripotency factors in mouse embryonic stem cells expressing exogenous EGAM1N homeoprotein. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:562-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sugawara S, Ito T, Sato S, Sato Y, Sasaki A, Fukuda T, Yamanaka KI, Sakatani M, Takahashi M, Kobayashi M. Generation of aminoterminally truncated, stable types of bioactive bovine and porcine fibroblast growth factor 4 in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:164-72. [PMID: 24863735 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) is a crucial growth factor for the development of mammalian embryos. We previously produced hexahistidine-tagged, bovine and porcine FGF4 (Pro(32) to Leu(206) ) proteins without a secretory signal peptide at the aminoterminus in Escherichia coli. Here, we found that these were unstable; site-specific cleavage between Ser(54) and Leu(55) in both FGF4 derivatives was identified. In order to generate stable FGF4 derivatives and to investigate their biological activities, aminoterminally truncated and hexahistidine-tagged bovine and porcine FGF4 (Leu(55) to Leu(206) ) proteins, termed HisbFGF4L and HispFGF4L, respectively, were produced in E. coli. These FGF4 derivatives were sufficiently stable and exerted mitogenic activities in fibroblasts. Treatment with the FGF4 derivatives promoted the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which are crucial kinases in the FGF signaling pathway. In the presence of PD173074, an FGF receptor inhibitor, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was inhibited and resulted in abolition of the growth-promoting activity of FGF4 derivatives. Taken together, we demonstrate that HisbFGF4L and HispFGF4L are capable of promoting the proliferation of bovine- and porcine-derived cells, respectively, via an authentic FGF signaling pathway. These FGF4 derivatives may be applicable for dissecting the roles of FGF4 during embryogenesis in cattle and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Sugawara
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
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9
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Common Amino Acid Sequences Deduced from Coding Exons of the PorcineFGF4Gene in Two Breeds and Production of the Encoded Protein inEscherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:173-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Severe Inhibition ofin VitroCardiomyogenesis in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Ectopically Expressing EGAM1C Homeoprotein. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1410-2. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Saito K, Abe H, Nakazawa M, Irokawa E, Kasuga K, Kojima I, Murata J, Kobayashi M. Ontogenic Expression Patterns of Transcripts Encoding Egam1 Homeoproteins During Murine Organogenesis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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12
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Sugawara S, Ito T, Sato S, Sato Y, Kasuga K, Kojima I, Kobayashi M. Production of an aminoterminally truncated, stable type of bioactive mouse fibroblast growth factor 4 in Escherichia coli. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 117:525-30. [PMID: 24210555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mice, fibroblast growth factor 4 (Fgf4) is a crucial gene for the generation of trophectoderm, progenitor cells of the placenta. Therefore, exogenous FGF4 promotes the isolation and maintenance of trophoblast stem cells from preimplantation embryos. We previously produced a 6× histidine (His)-tagged, mouse FGF4 (Pro(31)-Leu(202)) without a secretory signal peptide at the amino-terminus, referred to as HismFGF4, in Escherichia coli. Here, we found that HismFGF4 was unstable, such as in phosphate-buffered saline. In these conditions, site-specific cleavage between Ser(50) and Leu(51) was identified. In order to generate stable mouse FGF4 derivatives, a 6× His-tagged mouse FGF4 (Leu(51)-Leu(202)), termed HismFGF4L, was expressed in E. coli. HismFGF4L could be purified from the supernatant of cell lysates by heparin column chromatography. In phosphate-buffered saline, HismFGF4L was relatively stable. HismFGF4L exerted significant mitogenic activities at concentrations as low as 0.01 nM (P < 0.01) in mouse embryonic fibroblast Balb/c 3T3 cells expressing FGF receptor 2. In the presence of PD173074, an FGF receptor inhibitor, the growth-promoting activity of HismFGF4L was abolished. Taken together, we suggest that aminoterminally truncated HismFGF4L is capable of promoting the proliferation of mouse-derived cells via an authentic FGF signaling pathway. We consider that HismFGF4L is useful as a derivative of mouse FGF4 protein for analyzing the effects of mouse FGF4 and for stimulating cell growth of mouse-derived cells, such as trophoblast stem cells. Our study provides a simple method for the production of a bioactive, stable mouse FGF4 derivative in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Sugawara
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ito
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Shiori Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kano Kasuga
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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Identification of site-specific degradation in bacterially expressed human fibroblast growth factor 4 and generation of an aminoterminally truncated, stable form. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:206-15. [PMID: 24068478 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) is considered as a crucial gene for tumorigenesis in humans and the development of mammalian embryos. The secreted, mature form of human FGF4 is thought to be comprised of 175 amino acid residues (proline(32) to leucine(206), Pro(32)-Leu(206)). Here, we found that bacterially expressed, 6× histidine (His)-tagged human FGF4 (Pro(32)-Leu(206)) protein, referred to as HishFGF4, was unstable such as in phosphate-buffered saline. In these conditions, site-specific cleavage, including between Ser(54) and Leu(55), in HishFGF4 was identified. In order to generate stable human FGF4 derivatives, a 6× His-tagged human FGF4 (Leu(55)-Leu(206)), termed HishFGF4L, was expressed in Escherichia coli. HishFGF4L could be purified from the supernatant of cell lysates by heparin column chromatography. In phosphate-buffered saline, HishFGF4L was considered as sufficiently stable. HishFGF4L exerted significant mitogenic activities in mouse embryonic fibroblast Balb/c 3T3 cells. In the presence of PD173074, an FGF receptor inhibitor, the growth-stimulating activity of HishFGF4L disappeared. Taken together, we suggest that HishFGF4L is capable of promoting cell growth via an authentic FGF signaling pathway. Our study provides a simple method for the production of a bioactive human FGF4 derivative in E. coli.
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Intact structure of EGAM1 homeoproteins and basic amino acid residues in the common homeodomain of EGAM1 and EGAM1C contribute to their nuclear localization in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:141-6. [PMID: 23510645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified the structurally related homeoproteins EGAM1, EGAM1N, and EGAM1C in both preimplantation mouse embryos and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. These EGAM1 homeoproteins act as positive or negative regulators of differentiation and cell growth in mouse ES cells, such that these proteins are considered transcriptional regulators. In this study, we investigated their nuclear localization and identified the amino acid residues crucial for the nuclear translocation of EGAM1 and EGAM1C. When expressed exogenously in pluripotent ES cells and somatic NIH3T3 cells, all EGAM1 homeoproteins localized to the nucleus. Analysis using the web-based tool PSORTII predicted a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) motif, RKDLIRSWFITQRHR, in the homeodomain shared by EGAM1 and EGAM1C. The introduction of mutations, such as mutations from K or R, both basic amino acid residues, to A, in this potential NLS resulted in significant impairment of the nuclear localization of both EGAM1 and EGAM1C. In contrast, GFP fusion proteins of all the full-length EGAM1 homeoproteins failed to localize to the nucleus. These results, when taken together, suggest that basic amino acid residues in the common homeodomain of EGAM1 and EGAM1C and the intact structures of the EGAM1 homeoproteins contribute, at least in part, to the nuclear localization of these proteins in mouse ES cells.
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15
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Sugawara S, Ito T, Sato S, Yokoo M, Mori Y, Kasuga K, Kojima I, Fukuda T, Yamanaka KI, Sakatani M, Takahashi M, Kobayashi M. Production of bioactive bovine fibroblast growth factor 4 inE. colibased on the common nucleotide sequence of its structural gene in three breeds. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:275-80. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Sugawara
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Toshihiko Ito
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Sho Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Mari Yokoo
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Yuki Mori
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Kano Kasuga
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Ikuo Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai
| | | | - Miki Sakatani
- NARO Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center; Koshi; Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Akita
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Soma M, Iha M, Kihara Y, Sato S, Sato Y, Sato S, Mori Y, Sugawara S, Kasuga K, Kojima I, Kobayashi M. Preferential emergence of cell types expressing markers for primitive endoderm lineages in mouse embryonic stem cells expressing exogenous EGAM1 homeoprotein. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:342-6. [PMID: 22608553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been considered as a valuable renewable source of materials in regenerative medicine. Recently, we identified the homeoprotein EGAM1 both in preimplantation mouse embryos and mouse ES cells. Expression of the Egam1 transcript and its encoded protein was detectable in differentiating mouse ES cells, while it was almost undetectable in undifferentiated cells. In the present study, in order to clarify the effect of forced expression of EGAM1 on the differentiation of mouse ES cells in vitro, transfectants expressing exogenous EGAM1 were generated. Egam1 transfectants promoted differentiation into cell types expressing Gata6, Gata4, Afp, or Plat, genes associated with emergence of the extra-embryonic endoderm lineages. On the other hand, Egam1 transfectants inhibited the expression of specific genes for the embryonic lineages, including Fgf5 (epiblast) and T (mesoderm), in addition to Cdx2, a specific gene for the extra-embryonic trophectoderm lineages. Changes in the percentage of cells recognizing by antibodies against specific marker proteins closely correlated with the expression patterns of their transcripts. Taken together, the results obtained in this study suggested that mouse ES cells expressing exogenous EGAM1 preferentially differentiate into extra-embryonic primitive endoderm lineages, rather than embryonic lineages or extra-embryonic trophectoderm lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Soma
- Laboratory for Advanced Animal Cell Technology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
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