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Sakthivel D, Preston S, Gasser RB, Costa TPSD, Hernandez JN, Shahine A, Shakif-Azam MD, Lock P, Rossjohn J, Perugini MA, González JF, Meeusen E, Piedrafita D, Beddoe T. The oligomeric assembly of galectin-11 is critical for anti-parasitic activity in sheep (Ovis aries). Commun Biol 2020; 3:464. [PMID: 32826940 PMCID: PMC7442640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of glycan-binding molecules with a characteristic affinity for ß-D-glycosides that mediate a variety of important cellular functions, including immune and inflammatory responses. Galectin-11 (LGALS-11) has been recently identified as a mediator induced specifically in animals against gastrointestinal nematodes and can interfere with parasite growth and development. Here, we report that at least two natural genetic variants of LGALS-11 exist in sheep, and demonstrate fundamental differences in anti-parasitic activity, correlated with their ability to dimerise. This study improves our understanding of the role of galectins in the host immune and inflammatory responses against parasitic nematodes and provides a basis for genetic studies toward selective breeding of animals for resistance to parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and, Sport, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, 3842, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- School of Science, Psychology and, Sport, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, 3842, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Bundoora, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Julia N Hernandez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Adam Shahine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - M D Shakif-Azam
- School of Science, Psychology and, Sport, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, 3842, Australia
| | - Peter Lock
- Bioimaging Platform, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jorge Francisco González
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - Els Meeusen
- School of Science, Psychology and, Sport, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, 3842, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- School of Science, Psychology and, Sport, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, 3842, Australia.
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for Agri Bioscience (Agri Bio), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Shimada C, Xu R, Al-Alem L, Stasenko M, Spriggs DR, Rueda BR. Galectins and Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061421. [PMID: 32486344 PMCID: PMC7352943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its aggressive pathological features, including the capacity to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition, promoting angiogenesis, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, inhibiting apoptosis, immunosuppression and promoting stem-like features. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins defined by a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain, can modulate many of these processes, enabling them to contribute to the pathology of ovarian cancer. Our goal herein was to review specific galectin members identified in the context of ovarian cancer, with emphasis on their association with clinical and pathological features, implied functions, diagnostic or prognostic potential and strategies being developed to disrupt their negative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Shimada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Stasenko
- Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York City, NY 10065, USA;
| | - David R. Spriggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.S.); (R.X.); (L.A.-A.); (D.R.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence:
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Spencer TE, Kelleher AM, Bartol FF. Development and Function of Uterine Glands in Domestic Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:125-147. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian uteri contain glands that synthesize or transport and secrete substances into the uterine lumen. Uterine gland development, or adenogenesis, is uniquely a postnatal event in sheep and pigs and involves differentiation of glandular epithelium from luminal epithelium, followed by invagination and coiling morphogenesis throughout the stroma. Intrinsic transcription factors and extrinsic factors from the ovary and pituitary as well as the mammary gland (lactocrine) regulate uterine adenogenesis. Recurrent pregnancy loss is observed in the ovine uterine gland knockout sheep, providing unequivocal evidence that glands and their products are essential for fertility. Uterine gland hyperplasia and hypertrophy during pregnancy are controlled by sequential actions of hormones from the ovary and/or pituitary as well as the placenta. Gland-derived histotroph is transported by placental areolae for fetal growth. Increased knowledge of uterine gland biology is expected to improve pregnancy outcomes, as well as the health and productivity of mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;,
| | - Andrew M. Kelleher
- Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;,
| | - Frank F. Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5517, USA
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Nio-Kobayashi J. Histological Mapping and Subtype-Specific Functions of Galectins in Health and Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1737.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Nio-Kobayashi J. Histological Mapping and Subtype-Specific Functions of Galectins in Health and Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1737.1sj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Fermin LM, Pain SJ, Morel PCH, Gedye KR, Kenyon PR, Blair HT. Effect of exogenous progesterone on embryo size and ewe uterine gene expression in an ovine 'dam size' model of maternal constraint. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 30:766-778. [PMID: 29157356 DOI: 10.1071/rd17096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4), acting via its receptor, regulates uterine function and histotroph production, which are crucial to embryo growth. This study aimed to examine exogenous P4 effects on embryo size and differential endometrial gene expression at Day 19 of gestation using a 'dam size' sheep model of maternal constraint. Purebred Suffolk (S, genotypically large) embryos were transferred into recipient groups of Cheviot (C, genotypically small) or Suffolk ewes that had, or had not, been pre-treated with P4 from Days 0 to 6 of pregnancy. At Day 19S embryos were collected from four experimental groups: P4 pretreated S ewes (SP4; n=5), untreated S ewes (SnP4; n=15), P4 pretreated C ewes (CP4; n=7) and untreated C ewes (CnP4; n=21). Day-19 embryos from CP4 ewes were larger (P<0.05) than those from CnP4 ewes and similar in size (P>0.05) to embryos from SnP4 and SP4 ewes. Expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was upregulated in uterine horns ipsilateral to the corpus luteum from CP4 ewes. Prostaglandin receptor (PGR), MUC1 and PTGS2 expression was upregulated, whilst cathepsin L (CTSL) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2) expression was downregulated in the ipsilateral horn of SP4 ewes. This suggests that pretreating ewes with exogenous P4 may alleviate early pregnancy maternal constraint via mechanisms that alter uterine function. However, further research is required to investigate the timing of P4 administration and its impact on conception rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Fermin
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Pain
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Patrick C H Morel
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kristene R Gedye
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul R Kenyon
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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Hollergschwandtner E, Schwaha T, Neumüller J, Kaindl U, Gruber D, Eckhard M, Stöger-Pollach M, Reipert S. Novel mesostructured inclusions in the epidermal lining of Artemia franciscana ovisacs show optical activity. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3923. [PMID: 29093995 PMCID: PMC5661469 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomineralization, e.g., in sea urchins or mollusks, includes the assembly of mesoscopic superstructures from inorganic crystalline components and biopolymers. The resulting mesocrystals inspire biophysicists and material scientists alike, because of their extraordinary physical properties. Current efforts to replicate mesocrystal synthesis in vitro require understanding the principles of their self-assembly in vivo. One question, not addressed so far, is whether intracellular crystals of proteins can assemble with biopolymers into functional mesocrystal-like structures. During our electron microscopy studies into Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), we found initial evidence of such proteinaceous mesostructures. Results EM preparations with high-pressure freezing and accelerated freeze substitution revealed an extraordinary intracellular source of mesostructured inclusions in both the cyto-and nucleoplasm of the epidermal lining of ovisacs of A. franciscana. Confocal reflection microscopy not only confirmed our finding; it also revealed reflective, light dispersing activity of these flake-like structures, their positioning and orientation with respect to the ovisac inside. Both the striation of alternating electron dense and electron-lucent components and the sharp edges of the flakes indicate self-assembly of material of yet unknown origin under supposed participation of crystallization. However, selected area electron diffraction could not verify the status of crystallization. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis measured a marked increase in nitrogen within the flake-like inclusion, and the almost complete absence of elements that are typically involved in inorganic crystallization. This rise in nitrogen could possibility be related to higher package density of proteins, achieved by mesostructure assembly. Conclusions The ovisac lining of A. franciscana is endowed with numerous mesostructured inclusions that have not been previously reported. We hypothesize that their self-assembly was from proteinaceous polycrystalline units and carbohydrates. These mesostructured flakes displayed active optical properties, as an umbrella-like, reflective cover of the ovisac, which suggests a functional role in the reproduction of A. franciscana. In turn, studies into ovisac mesostructured inclusions could help to optimizing rearing Artemia as feed for fish farming. We propose Artemia ovisacs as an in vivo model system for studying mesostructure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Neumüller
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kaindl
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Gruber
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margret Eckhard
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Stöger-Pollach
- University Service Center for TEM (USTEM), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Conrad ML, Freitag N, Diessler ME, Hernandez R, Barrientos G, Rose M, Casas LA, Barbeito CG, Blois SM. Differential Spatiotemporal Patterns of Galectin Expression are a Hallmark of Endotheliochorial Placentation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:317-25. [PMID: 26589652 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Galectins influence the progress of pregnancy by regulating key processes associated with embryo-maternal cross talk, including angiogenesis and placentation. Galectin family members exert multiple roles in the context of hemochorial and epitheliochorial placentation; however, the galectin prolife in endotheliochorial placenta remains to be investigated. METHOD OF STUDY Here, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze galectin (gal)-1, gal-3 and gal-9 expression during early and late endotheliochorial placentation in two different species (dogs and cats). RESULTS We found that during early feline gestation, all three galectin members were more strongly expressed on trophoblast and maternal vessels compared to the decidua. This was accompanied by an overall decrease of gal-1, gal-3 and gal-9 expressions in late feline gestation. In canine early pregnancy, we observed that gal-1 and gal-9 were expressed strongly in cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells compared to gal-3, and no galectin expression was observed in syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells. Progression of canine gestation was accompanied by increased gal-1 and gal-3 expressions on STB cells, whereas gal-9 expression remained similar in CTB and STB. CONCLUSION These data suggest that both the maternal and fetal compartments are characterized by a spatiotemporal regulation of galectin expression during endotheliochorial placentation. This strongly suggests the involvement of the galectin family in important developmental processes during gestation including immunemodulation, trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis. A conserved functional role for galectins during mammalian placental development emerges from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Conrad
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Freitag
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mónica E Diessler
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Hernandez
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Barrientos
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Rose
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Blois
- Division of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Aggarwal S, Sharma SC, Das SN. Galectin-1 and galectin-3: Plausible tumour markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma and suitable targets for screening high-risk population. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 442:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Kliman HJ, Sammar M, Grimpel YI, Lynch SK, Milano KM, Pick E, Bejar J, Arad A, Lee JJ, Meiri H, Gonen R. Placental protein 13 and decidual zones of necrosis: an immunologic diversion that may be linked to preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2011; 19:16-30. [PMID: 21989657 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111424445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of placental protein 13 (PP13; galectin 13) in the process of trophoblast invasion and decidual necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis for PP13, immune cells, human placental lactogen, cytokeratin, and apoptosis markers was performed on 20 elective pregnancy termination specimens between 6 and 15 weeks of gestation. Placental protein 13 was localized to syncytiotrophoblasts in the chorionic villi and to occasional multinucleated luminal trophoblasts within converted decidual spiral arterioles. Cytotrophoblasts, anchoring trophoblasts, and invasive trophoblasts did not stain for PP13. Extracellular PP13 aggregates were found around decidual veins associated with T-cell-, neutrophil- and macrophage-containing decidual zones of necrosis (ZONEs). We hypothesize that PP13 is secreted into the intervillus space, drains through the decidua basalis veins, and forms perivenous PP13 aggregates which attract and activate maternal immune cells. Thus, syncytiotrophoblast-derived PP13 may create a ZONE that facilitates trophoblast invasion and conversion of the maternal spiral arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Song GH, Han JY, Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Interferon Tau in the Ovine Uterus. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2009.51.6.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Synthesis of stable and selective inhibitors of human galectins-1 and -3. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7811-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Lewis SK, Farmer JL, Burghardt RC, Newton GR, Johnson GA, Adelson DL, Bazer FW, Spencer TE. Galectin 15 (LGALS15): A Gene Uniquely Expressed in the Uteri of Sheep and Goats that Functions in Trophoblast Attachment1. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:1027-36. [PMID: 17855730 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of secreted animal lectins with biological roles in cell adhesion and migration. In sheep, galectin 15 (LGALS15) is expressed specifically in the endometrial luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia of the uterus in concert with blastocyst elongation during the peri-implantation period. The present study examined LGALS15 expression in the uterus of cattle, goats, and pigs. Although the bovine genome contains an LGALS15-like gene, expressed sequence tags encoding LGALS15 mRNA were found only for sheep, and full-length LGALS15 cDNAs were cloned only from endometrial total RNA isolated from pregnant sheep and goats, but not pregnant cattle or pigs. Ovine and caprine LGALS15 were highly homologous at the mRNA (95%) and protein (91%) levels, and all contained a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and RGD recognition sequence for integrin binding. Endometrial LGALS15 mRNA levels increased after Day 11 of both the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and were considerably increased after Day 15 of pregnancy in goats. In situ hybridization detected abundant LGALS15 mRNA in endometrial LE and sGE of early pregnant goats, but not in cattle or pigs. Immunoreactive LGALS15 protein was present in endometrial epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm of goat uteri and detected within intracellular crystal structures in trophectoderm and LE. Recombinant ovine and caprine LGALS15 proteins elicited a dose-dependent increase in ovine trophectoderm cell attachment in vitro that was comparable to bovine fibronectin. These results support the hypothesis that LGALS15 is uniquely expressed in Caprinae endometria and functions as an attachment factor important for peri-implantation blastocyst elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaye K Lewis
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Scott SA, Scott K, Blanchard H. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of recombinant human galectin-1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2007; 63:967-71. [PMID: 18007053 PMCID: PMC2339748 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 is considered to be a regulator protein as it is ubiquitously expressed throughout the adult body and is responsible for a broad range of cellular regulatory functions. Interest in galectin-1 from a drug-design perspective is founded on evidence of its overexpression by many cancers and its immunomodulatory properties. The development of galectin-1-specific inhibitors is a rational approach to the fight against cancer because although galectin-1 induces a plethora of effects, null mice appear normal. X-ray crystallographic structure determination will aid the structure-based design of galectin-1 inhibitors. Here, the crystallization and preliminary diffraction analysis of human galectin-1 crystals generated under six different conditions is reported. X-ray diffraction data enabled the assignment of unit-cell parameters for crystals grown under two conditions, one belongs to a tetragonal crystal system and the other was determined as monoclinic P2(1), representing two new crystal forms of human galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A. Scott
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Ken Scott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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15
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Quinn BA, Hayes MA, Waelchli RO, Kennedy MW, Betteridge KJ. Changes in major proteins in the embryonic capsule during immobilization (fixation) of the conceptus in the third week of pregnancy in the mare. Reproduction 2007; 134:161-70. [PMID: 17641098 DOI: 10.1530/rep-06-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During the third week of pregnancy, the equine conceptus is enclosed within a capsule, the glycan composition of which changes at around day 16 (ovulation = day 0) when the conceptus becomes immobilized (fixed) in the uterine lumen. Our objective was to characterize the process of fixation by identifying changes in major capsule-associated proteins. Individual equine conceptuses (n = 55) were collected transcervically by uterine lavage between days 13.5 and 26.5. Major proteins extracted from capsules were compared with those in fluids from the uterus and yolk sac by SDS-PAGE. Until day 14, a major capsule-associated protein that migrated at approximately 10 kDa was identified by N-terminal sequencing as equine beta2 microglobulin (beta2M). During fixation, beta2M in the capsule underwent limited proteolysis to an approximately 8 kDa form lacking nine amino acids from the N terminus, and was subsequently degraded. Expression of beta2M mRNA was detected in the yolk-sac wall tissues and endometrium between days 13.5 and 17.5. During this period, beta2M in the capsule was evidently not part of a complex with major histocompatibility complex class 1 heavy alpha chain bands because these were undetectable in the capsule and uterine lavage. Uterocalin (p19) was detected in uterine lavage and capsule throughout fixation, but in yolk-sac fluid only before fixation. These studies indicate that intact beta2M is a major protein associated with the embryonic capsule before fixation, after which it undergoes limited proteolysis to a truncated approximately 8 kDa form that remains in the capsule after the conceptus is immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Quinn
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Farmer JL, Burghardt RC, Jousan FD, Hansen PJ, Bazer FW, Spencer TE. Galectin 15 (LGALS15) functions in trophectoderm migration and attachment. FASEB J 2007; 22:548-60. [PMID: 17890287 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9308com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Galectin 15 (LGALS15) is expressed specifically by the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) of the ovine uterus in concert with blastocyst growth, elongation, and implantation. LGALS15 contains a predicted carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) as well as LDV and RGD recognition sequences for integrin binding. Studies tested the hypothesis that LGALS15 is a secreted regulator of blastocyst development, as well as growth, migration, adhesion, and apoptosis of trophoblast. Bovine embryos were produced in vitro by standard conditions, and putative zygotes were cultured in the presence of recombinant ovine LGALS15. Rates of embryo cleavage and blastocyst formation were not affected by LGALS15. LGALS15 moderately increased proliferation of ovine trophectoderm (oTr) cells. Staurosporine elicited apoptosis of oTr cells, which could be partially inhibited by LGALS15. Migration of oTr cells was stimulated by LGALS15 that was dependent on Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A dose-dependent increase in oTr cell attachment to LGALS15 was found that could be inhibited by cyclic GRGDS, but not GRADS, peptides. Mutation of the LDVRGD integrin binding sequence of LGALS15 to LADRAD decreased its ability to promote oTr cell attachment, whereas mutation of the CRD had little effect. LGALS15 induced formation of robust focal adhesions in oTr cells that was abolished by mutation of the LDVRGD sequence. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that LGALS15 stimulates trophectoderm cell migration and attachment via integrin binding and activation which are critical to blastocyst elongation and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Farmer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, 442 Kleberg Center, 2471 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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17
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Abstract
Effective ovarian and uterine function relies on a complex interplay between the endocrine and immune systems. It is generally accepted that in reproductive tissues, oestradiol and progesterone have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities respectively and, in this regard, the paracrine effects of the sex steroids on the ovary are similar to the endocrine effects on the uterus. Ovarian leukocyte recruitment and cytokine release are central to follicle development, ovulation and corpus luteum function. At the uterine level, the cyclical changes in sex steroids regulate the number and distribution of endometrial and decidual immune cells as well as other immune signalling and surveillance factors. The uterine mucosa is unique, in that it must tolerate sperm and the allogeneic blastocyst in a way that does not compromise uterine immune surveillance against bacteria, yeast and viruses. Crosstalk between the sex steroids and immune mediators (systemic and local) are central to these functions, and this article will review these mechanisms and their importance for successful reproductive function and pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Lea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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18
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Satterfield MC, Bazer FW, Spencer TE. Progesterone Regulation of Preimplantation Conceptus Growth and Galectin 15 (LGALS15) in the Ovine Uterus1. Biol Reprod 2006; 75:289-96. [PMID: 16707766 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.052944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantation conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) growth and development are primarily regulated by secretions from the uterus. This study investigated the effects of progesterone on preimplantation conceptus development and endometrial galectin 15 (LGALS15). Ewes received daily injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or 25 mg progesterone (P4) from 36 h postmating to hysterectomy. Treatment with P4 increased blastocyst diameter by 220% on Day 9 and advanced time of elongation of blastocysts to a filamentous conceptus on Day 12. Effects of P4 treatment on blastocyst development were blocked by administration of RU486, a progesterone receptor antagonist. Consistent with early elongation of blastocysts, interferon tau (IFNT) protein was about 50-fold greater in uterine flushes from Day 12 in ewes receiving P4 compared with those receiving CO. Expression of cathepsin L (CTSL) and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), both IFNT-stimulated genes, was increased in endometria of Day 12 P4-treated ewes. LGALS15 mRNA, expressed only in the endometrial luminal epithelium and superficial glands, was detected between Days 9 and 12 and was more abundant in ewes receiving P4 than in those receiving CO on both Days 9 and 12. RU486 treatment ablated P4 induction of LGALS15 mRNA in the endometrial epithelia. LGALS15 protein in uterine flushings was not different on Day 9 but tended to be greater in P4-treated ewes than in those receiving CO on Day 12. The advanced development of blastocysts in P4-treated ewes is hypothesized to involve early induction of specific genes in the endometrial epithelia, such as LGALS15, and undoubtedly components of uterine histotroph.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carey Satterfield
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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