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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ming Sun S, Batté A, Elmer M, van der Horst SC, van Welsem T, Bean G, Ideker T, van Leeuwen F, van Attikum H. A genetic interaction map centered on cohesin reveals auxiliary factors involved in sister chromatid cohesion in S. cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237628. [PMID: 32299836 PMCID: PMC7325435 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in interphase and the two newly duplicated sister chromatids are held together by the cohesin complex and several cohesin auxiliary factors. Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis, yet has also been implicated in other processes, including DNA damage repair, transcription and DNA replication. To assess how cohesin and associated factors functionally interconnect and coordinate with other cellular processes, we systematically mapped the genetic interactions of 17 cohesin genes centered on quantitative growth measurements of >52,000 gene pairs in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Integration of synthetic genetic interactions unveiled a cohesin functional map that constitutes 373 genetic interactions, revealing novel functional connections with post-replication repair, microtubule organization and protein folding. Accordingly, we show that the microtubule-associated protein Irc15 and the prefoldin complex members Gim3, Gim4 and Yke2 are new factors involved in sister chromatid cohesion. Our genetic interaction map thus provides a unique resource for further identification and functional interrogation of cohesin proteins. Since mutations in cohesin proteins have been associated with cohesinopathies and cancer, it may also help in identifying cohesin interactions relevant in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ming Sun
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Amandine Batté
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mireille Elmer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
- Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sophie C van der Horst
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gordon Bean
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI), Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, Netherlands
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Hou J, Feng HQ, Chang HW, Liu Y, Li GH, Yang S, Sun CH, Zhang MZ, Yuan Y, Sun J, Zhu-Salzman K, Zhang H, Qin QM. The H3K4 demethylase Jar1 orchestrates ROS production and expression of pathogenesis-related genes to facilitate Botrytis cinerea virulence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:930-947. [PMID: 31529514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Histone 3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylation is ubiquitous in organisms, however the roles of H3K4 demethylase JARID1(Jar1)/KDM5 in fungal development and pathogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that Jar1/KDM5 in Botrytis cinerea, the grey mould fungus, plays a crucial role in these processes. The BcJAR1 gene was deleted and its roles in fungal development and pathogenesis were investigated using approaches including genetics, molecular/cell biology, pathogenicity and transcriptomic profiling. BcJar1 regulates H3K4me3 and both H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 methylation levels during vegetative and pathogenic development, respectively. Loss of BcJAR1 impairs conidiation, appressorium formation and stress adaptation; abolishes infection cushion (IC) formation and virulence, but promotes sclerotium production in the ΔBcjar1 mutants. BcJar1 controls reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proper assembly of Sep4, a core septin protein and virulence determinant, to initiate infection structure (IFS) formation and host penetration. Exogenous cAMP partially restored the mutant appressorium, but not IC, formation. BcJar1 orchestrates global expression of genes for ROS production, stress response, carbohydrate transmembrane transport, secondary metabolites, etc., which may be required for conidiation, IFS formation, host penetration and virulence of the pathogen. Our work systematically elucidates BcJar1 functions and provides novel insights into Jar1/KDM5-mediated H3K4 demethylation in regulating fungal development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- College of Plant Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Forestry, BeiHua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Feng
- College of Plant Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao-Wu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Hua Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Plant Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen-Hao Sun
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qing-Ming Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Nicotinamide Suppresses the DNA Damage Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Independently of Sirtuin Deacetylases. Genetics 2016; 204:569-579. [PMID: 27527516 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide is both a reaction product and an inhibitor of the conserved sirtuin family of deacetylases, which have been implicated in a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. Phenotypes observed following treatment with nicotinamide are most often assumed to stem from inhibition of one or more of these enzymes. Here, we used this small molecule to inhibit multiple sirtuins at once during treatment with DNA damaging agents in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Since sirtuins have been previously implicated in the DNA damage response, we were surprised to observe that nicotinamide actually increased the survival of yeast cells exposed to the DNA damage agent MMS. Remarkably, we found that enhanced resistance to MMS in the presence of nicotinamide was independent of all five yeast sirtuins. Enhanced resistance was also independent of the nicotinamide salvage pathway, which uses nicotinamide as a substrate to generate NAD+, and of a DNA damage-induced increase in the salvage enzyme Pnc1 Our data suggest a novel and unexpected function for nicotinamide that has broad implications for its use in the study of sirtuin biology across model systems.
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