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Wang Y, Williams-Carrier R, Meeley R, Fox T, Chamusco K, Nashed M, Hannah LC, Gabay-Laughnan S, Barkan A, Chase C. Mutations in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial ribosome proteins restore pollen fertility in S male-sterile maize. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae201. [PMID: 39163571 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of plant mitochondrial and nuclear genetic systems is exemplified by mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) under the control of nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes. The S type of CMS in maize is characterized by a pollen collapse phenotype and a unique paradigm for fertility restoration in which numerous nuclear restorer-of-fertility lethal mutations rescue pollen function but condition homozygous-lethal seed phenotypes. Two nonallelic restorer mutations recovered from Mutator transposon-active lines were investigated to determine the mechanisms of pollen fertility restoration and seed lethality. Mu Illumina sequencing of transposon-flanking regions identified insertion alleles of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins RPL6 and RPL14 as candidate restorer-of-fertility lethal mutations. Both candidates were associated with lowered abundance of mitochondria-encoded proteins in developing maize pollen, and the rpl14 mutant candidate was confirmed by independent insertion alleles. While the restored pollen functioned despite reduced accumulation of mitochondrial respiratory proteins, normal-cytoplasm plants heterozygous for the mutant alleles showed a significant pollen transmission bias in favor of the nonmutant Rpl6 and Rpl14 alleles. CMS-S fertility restoration affords a unique forward genetic approach to investigate the mitochondrial requirements for, and contributions to, pollen and seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Robert Meeley
- Corteva AgriScience (retired), Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Timothy Fox
- Corteva AgriScience (retired), Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Karen Chamusco
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mina Nashed
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - L Curtis Hannah
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Alice Barkan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Christine Chase
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Lin Y, Yang H, Liu H, Lu X, Cao H, Li B, Chang Y, Guo Z, Ding D, Hu Y, Xue Y, Liu Z, Tang J. A P-type pentatricopeptide repeat protein ZmRF5 promotes 5' region partial cleavages of atp6c transcripts to restore the fertility of CMS-C maize by recruiting a splicing factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1269-1281. [PMID: 38073308 PMCID: PMC11022799 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A fast evolution within mitochondria genome(s) often generates discords between nuclear and mitochondria, which is manifested as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration (Rf) system. The maize CMS-C trait is regulated by the chimeric mitochondrial gene, atp6c, and can be recovered by the restorer gene ZmRf5. Through positional cloning in this study, we identified the nuclear restorer gene, ZmRf5, which encodes a P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein. The over-expression of ZmRf5 brought back the fertility to CMS-C plants, whereas its genomic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 induced abortive pollens in the restorer line. ZmRF5 is sorted to mitochondria, and recruited RS31A, a splicing factor, through MORF8 to form a cleaving/restoring complex, which promoted the cleaving of the CMS-associated transcripts atp6c by shifting the major cleavage site from 480th nt to 344 th nt for fast degradation, and preserved just right amount of atp6c RNA for protein translation, providing adequate ATP6C to assembly complex V, thus restoring male fertility. Interestingly, ATP6C in the sterile line CMo17A, with similar cytology and physiology changes to YU87-1A, was accumulated much less than it in NMo17B, exhibiting a contrary trend in the YU87-1 nuclear genome previously reported, and was restored to normal level in the presence of ZmRF5. Collectively these findings unveil a new molecular mechanism underlying fertility restoration by which ZmRF5 cooperates with MORF8 and RS31A to restore CMS-C fertility in maize, complemented and perfected the sterility mechanism, and enrich the perspectives on communications between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Haofei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yongyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Chamusco KC, Milazzo MN, Bhan KS, Kamps TL, Smith P, Durojaiye M, Moreira CD, Gallo M, Chase CD. Developmentally regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and cell death competence in maize pollen. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:508. [PMID: 36316635 PMCID: PMC9624016 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited failure to produce functional pollen that most commonly results from expression of novel, chimeric mitochondrial genes. In Zea mays, cytoplasmic male sterility type S (CMS-S) is characterized by the collapse of immature, bi-cellular pollen. Molecular and cellular features of developing CMS-S and normal (N) cytoplasm pollen were compared to determine the role of mitochondria in these differing developmental fates. RESULTS Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed both chromatin and nuclear fragmentation in the collapsed CMS-S pollen, demonstrating a programmed cell death (PCD) event sharing morphological features with mitochondria-signaled apoptosis in animals. Maize plants expressing mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP) demonstrated dynamic changes in mitochondrial morphology and association with actin filaments through the course of N-cytoplasm pollen development, whereas mitochondrial targeting of GFP was lost and actin filaments were disorganized in developing CMS-S pollen. Immunoblotting revealed significant developmental regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in both CMS-S and N mito-types. Nuclear and mitochondrial genome encoded components of the cytochrome respiratory pathway and ATP synthase were of low abundance at the microspore stage, but microspores accumulated abundant nuclear-encoded alternative oxidase (AOX). Cytochrome pathway and ATP synthase components accumulated whereas AOX levels declined during the maturation of N bi-cellular pollen. Increased abundance of cytochrome pathway components and declining AOX also characterized collapsed CMS-S pollen. The accumulation and robust RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts implicated translational or post-translational control for the developmentally regulated accumulation of mitochondria-encoded proteins in both mito-types. CONCLUSIONS CMS-S pollen collapse is a PCD event coincident with developmentally programmed mitochondrial events including the accumulation of mitochondrial respiratory proteins and declining protection against mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Chamusco
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0690, USA
| | - May N Milazzo
- Emergency Department, Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA
| | - Kanchan S Bhan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, C.G., 492012, India
| | - Terry L Kamps
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0690, USA
| | - Prestina Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Modupeoluwa Durojaiye
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Cristina D Moreira
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Maria Gallo
- Department of Plant and Earth Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, 54022, USA
| | - Christine D Chase
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0690, USA.
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Xiao S, Xing J, Nie T, Su A, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Song W, Zhao J. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of maize CMS-S subtypes provides new insights into male sterility stability. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:469. [PMID: 36180833 PMCID: PMC9526321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a trait of economic importance in the production of hybrid seeds. In CMS-S maize, exerted anthers appear frequently in florets of field-grown female populations where only complete male-sterile plants were expected. It has been reported that these reversions are associated with the loss of sterility-conferring regions or other rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome. However, the relationship between mitochondrial function and sterility stability is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we determined the ratio of plants carrying exerted anthers in the population of two CMS-S subtypes. The subtype with a high ratio of exerted anthers was designated as CMS-Sa, and the other with low ratio was designated as CMS-Sb. Through next-generation sequencing, we assembled and compared mitochondrial genomes of two CMS-S subtypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong similarities between the two mitochondrial genomes. The sterility-associated regions, S plasmids, and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) were intact in both genomes. The two subtypes maintained high transcript levels of the sterility gene orf355 in anther tissue. Most of the functional genes/proteins were identical at the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence levels in the two subtypes, except for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1). In the mitochondrial genome of CMS-Sb, a 3.3-kilobase sequence containing nad1-exon1 was absent from the second copy of the 17-kb repeat region. Consequently, we detected two copies of nad1-exon1 in CMS-Sa, but only one copy in CMS-Sb. During pollen development, nad1 transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis were induced in anthers of CMS-Sa, but not in those of CMS-Sb. We suggest that the impaired mitochondrial function in the anthers of CMS-Sb is associated with its more stable sterility. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analyses revealed diversity in terms of the copy number of the mitochondrial gene nad1-exon1 between two subtypes of CMS-S maize. This difference in copy number affected the transcript levels of nad1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in anther tissue, and affected the reversion rate of CMS-S maize. The results of this study suggest the involvement of mitochondrial robustness in modulation of sterility stability in CMS-S maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jingfeng Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tiange Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Durand S, Ricou A, Simon M, Dehaene N, Budar F, Camilleri C. A restorer-of-fertility-like pentatricopeptide repeat protein promotes cytoplasmic male sterility in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:124-135. [PMID: 33098690 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large family of proteins targeted to organelles, where they post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression through binding to specific RNA sequences. Among them, the mitochondria-targeted restorer-of-fertility (Rf) PPRs inhibit peculiar mitochondrial genes that are detrimental to male gametes and cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Here, we revealed three nuclear loci involved in CMS in a cross between two distant Arabidopsis thaliana strains, Sha and Cvi-0. We identified the causal gene at one of these loci as RFL24, a conserved gene encoding a PPR protein related to known Rf PPRs. By analysing fertile revertants obtained in a male sterile background, we demonstrate that RFL24 promotes pollen abortion, in contrast with the previously described Rf PPRs, which allow pollen to survive in the presence of a sterilizing cytoplasm. We show that the sterility caused by the RFL24 Cvi-0 allele results from higher expression of the gene during early pollen development. Finally, we predict a binding site for RFL24 upstream of two mitochondrial genes, the CMS gene and the important gene cob. These results suggest that the conservation of RFL24 is linked to a primary role of ensuring a proper functioning of mitochondria, and that it was subsequently diverted by the CMS gene to its benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durand
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Anthony Ricou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Matthieu Simon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Noémie Dehaene
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Françoise Budar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Christine Camilleri
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78000, France
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Xiao S, Zang J, Pei Y, Liu J, Liu J, Song W, Shi Z, Su A, Zhao J, Chen H. Activation of Mitochondrial orf355 Gene Expression by a Nuclear-Encoded DREB Transcription Factor Causes Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1270-1283. [PMID: 32629120 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between mitochondria and the nucleus is crucial for fertility determination in plants with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified a transcription factor, ZmDREB1.7, that is highly expressed in sterile microspores at the large vacuole stage and activates the expression of mitochondria-encoded CMS gene orf355. Δpro, a weak allele of ZmDREB1.7 with the loss of a key unfolded protein response (UPR) motif in the promoter, partially restores male fertility of CMS-S maize. ZmDREB1.7 expression increases rapidly in response to antimycin A treatment, but this response is attenuated in the Δpro allele. Furthermore, we found that expression of orf355 in mitochondria activates mitochondrial retrograde signaling, which in turn induces ZmDREB1.7 expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that positive-feedback transcriptional regulation between a nuclear regulator and a mitochondrial CMS gene determines male sterility in maize, providing new insights into nucleus-mitochondria communication in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Yuanrong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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