1
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Dellar ER, Hill C, Carter DRF, Baena‐Lopez LA. Oxidative stress-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e150. [PMID: 38938847 PMCID: PMC11080704 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to play dual roles in cellular homeostasis, functioning both to remove unwanted intracellular molecules, and to enable communication between cells as a means of modulating cellular responses in different physiological and pathological scenarios. EVs contain a broad range of cargoes, including multiple biotypes of RNA, which can vary depending on the cell status, and may function as signalling molecules. In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila EVs and cells, demonstrating that the RNA profile of EVs is distinct from cells and shows dose-dependent changes in response to oxidative stress. We identified a high abundance of snoRNAs in EVs, alongside an enrichment of intronic and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs under stress. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of either aberrant or modified mRNAs under stress. These findings suggest that EVs may function both for the elimination of specific cellular RNAs, and for the incorporation of RNAs that may hold signalling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David R. F. Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
- Evox Therapeutics LimitedOxford Science ParkOxfordUK
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2
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Wen F, Yang J, Huang X, Huang X. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression of the Aquatic Insect Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Response to Cadmium Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:815-823. [PMID: 35762274 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Species of Megaloptera are important predators of aquatic invertebrates and have been widely used as bioindicators in assessing the quality of freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we determined the differential gene expression profile of Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in response to cadmium (Cd) exposure by using transcriptome analysis. A total of 60,627 unigenes were obtained in the transcriptomes of 150 mg/liter (PL), 1,000 mg/liter (PH) CdCl2 treatment, and the no Cd control (PC). Differential expression gene (DEG) analysis by pairwise comparison identified 2,794 DEGs after filtering the noninsect genes and repetitive counts. 606 DEGs were shared in comparisons of PL versus PC and PH versus PC, with 165 DEGs consistently up-regulated and 441 down-regulated by both PL and PH. Six heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the HSP70 family were identified in P. costalis and PcosHSP68 was up-regulated by both PL and PH. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that the expression levels of PcosHSP68 in PL and PH were higher than that of PC by 31 and 197%, respectively. These results showed that exposure to Cd altered the gene expression profiles of P. costalis and the transcriptome data presented in this study provide insight into future studying on molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity to these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasheng Wen
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
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3
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Mariyappa D, Rusch DB, Han S, Luhur A, Overton D, Miller DFB, Bergman CM, Zelhof AC. A novel transposable element-based authentication protocol for Drosophila cell lines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6440050. [PMID: 34849844 PMCID: PMC9210319 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila cell lines are used by researchers to investigate various cell biological phenomena. It is crucial to exercise good cell culture practice. Poor handling can lead to both inter- and intra-species cross-contamination. Prolonged culturing can lead to introduction of large- and small-scale genomic changes. These factors, therefore, make it imperative that methods to authenticate Drosophila cell lines are developed to ensure reproducibility. Mammalian cell line authentication is reliant on short tandem repeat (STR) profiling; however, the relatively low STR mutation rate in Drosophila melanogaster at the individual level is likely to preclude the value of this technique. In contrast, transposable elements (TEs) are highly polymorphic among individual flies and abundant in Drosophila cell lines. Therefore, we investigated the utility of TE insertions as markers to discriminate Drosophila cell lines derived from the same or different donor genotypes, divergent sub-lines of the same cell line, and from other insect cell lines. We developed a PCR-based next-generation sequencing protocol to cluster cell lines based on the genome-wide distribution of a limited number of diagnostic TE families. We determined the distribution of five TE families in S2R+, S2-DRSC, S2-DGRC, Kc167, ML-DmBG3-c2, mbn2, CME W1 Cl.8+, and ovarian somatic sheath Drosophila cell lines. Two independent downstream analyses of the next-generation sequencing data yielded similar clustering of these cell lines. Double-blind testing of the protocol reliably identified various Drosophila cell lines. In addition, our data indicate minimal changes with respect to the genome-wide distribution of these five TE families when cells are passaged for at least 50 times. The protocol developed can accurately identify and distinguish the numerous Drosophila cell lines available to the research community, thereby aiding reproducible Drosophila cell culture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mariyappa
- Biology Department, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Biology Department, Center for Genetics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Shunhua Han
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthur Luhur
- Biology Department, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Danielle Overton
- Biology Department, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - David F B Miller
- Biology Department, Center for Genetics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Casey M Bergman
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Andrew C Zelhof
- Biology Department, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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4
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Missirlis F. Regulation and biological function of metal ions in Drosophila. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:18-24. [PMID: 33581350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual framework is offered for critically approaching the formidable ability of insects to segregate metal ions to their multiple destinations in proteins and subcellular compartments. New research in Drosophila melanogaster suggests that nuclear iron regulatory proteins and oxidative stress transcription factors mediate metal-responsive gene expression. Identification of a zinc-regulated chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum potentially explains membrane protein trafficking defects observed in zinc transporter mutants. Compartmentalized zinc is utilized in fertilization, embryogenesis and for the activation of zinc-finger transcription factors - the latter function demonstrated during muscle development, while dietary zinc is sensed through gating of a chloride channel. Another emerging theme in cellular metal homeostasis is that transporters and related proteins meet at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associated membranes with physiologically relevant consequences during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico.
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5
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Ceder MM, Aggarwal T, Hosseini K, Maturi V, Patil S, Perland E, Williams MJ, Fredriksson R. CG4928 Is Vital for Renal Function in Fruit Flies and Membrane Potential in Cells: A First In-Depth Characterization of the Putative Solute Carrier UNC93A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580291. [PMID: 33163493 PMCID: PMC7591606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of transporter proteins that are not fully characterized is immense. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster and human cell lines to perform a first in-depth characterization of CG4928, an ortholog to the human UNC93A, of which little is known. Solute carriers regulate and maintain biochemical pathways important for the body, and malfunctioning transport is associated with multiple diseases. Based on phylogenetic analysis, CG4928 is closely related to human UNC93A and has a secondary and a tertiary protein structure and folding similar to major facilitator superfamily transporters. Ubiquitous knockdown of CG4928 causes flies to have a reduced secretion rate from the Malpighian tubules; altering potassium content in the body and in the Malpighian tubules, homologous to the renal system; and results in the development of edema. The edema could be rescued by using amiloride, a common diuretic, and by maintaining the flies on ion-free diets. CG4928-overexpressing cells did not facilitate the transport of sugars and amino acids; however, proximity ligation assay revealed that CG4928 co-localized with TASK1 channels. Overexpression of CG4928 resulted in induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity, which could be restored when cells were kept in high-sodium media. Furthermore, the basal membrane potential was observed to be disrupted. Taken together, the results indicate that CG4928 is of importance for generating the cellular membrane potential by an unknown manner. However, we speculate that it most likely acts as a regulator or transporter of potassium flows over the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M Ceder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanya Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kimia Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varun Maturi
- Department of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sourabh Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Perland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael J Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Rane RV, Clarke DF, Pearce SL, Zhang G, Hoffmann AA, Oakeshott JG. Detoxification Genes Differ Between Cactus-, Fruit-, and Flower-Feeding Drosophila. J Hered 2020; 110:80-91. [PMID: 30445496 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We use annotated genomes of 14 Drosophila species covering diverse host use phenotypes to test whether 4 gene families that often have detoxification functions are associated with host shifts among species. Bark, slime flux, flower, and generalist necrotic fruit-feeding species all have similar numbers of carboxyl/cholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes. However, species feeding on toxic Morinda citrifolia fruit and the fresh fruit-feeding Drosophila suzukii have about 30 and 60 more, respectively. ABC transporters show a different pattern, with the flower-feeding D. elegans and the generalist necrotic fruit and cactus feeder D. hydei having about 20 and >100 more than the other species, respectively. Surprisingly, despite the complex secondary chemistry we find that 3 cactophilic specialists in the mojavensis species cluster have variably fewer genes than any of the other species across all 4 families. We also find 82 positive selection events across the 4 families, with the terminal D. suzukii and M. citrifolia-feeding D. sechellia branches again having the highest number of such events in proportion to their respective branch lengths. Many of the genes involved in these host-use-specific gene number differences or positive selection events lie in specific clades of the gene families that have been recurrently associated with detoxification. Several genes are also found to be involved in multiple duplication and/or positive selection events across the species studied regardless of their host use phenotypes; the most frequently involved are the ABC transporter CG1718, which is not in a specific clade associated with detoxification, and the α-esterase gene cluster, which is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul V Rane
- CSIRO, Acton, ACT, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David F Clarke
- CSIRO, Acton, ACT, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Guojie Zhang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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Vásquez-Procopio J, Osorio B, Cortés-Martínez L, Hernández-Hernández F, Medina-Contreras O, Ríos-Castro E, Comjean A, Li F, Hu Y, Mohr S, Perrimon N, Missirlis F. Intestinal response to dietary manganese depletion inDrosophila. Metallomics 2020; 12:218-240. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations to manganese deficiency.
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8
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Cabot C, Martos S, Llugany M, Gallego B, Tolrà R, Poschenrieder C. A Role for Zinc in Plant Defense Against Pathogens and Herbivores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1171. [PMID: 31649687 PMCID: PMC6794951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pests and diseases pose a threat to food security, which is nowadays aggravated by climate change and globalization. In this context, agricultural policies demand innovative approaches to more effectively manage resources and overcome the ecological issues raised by intensive farming. Optimization of plant mineral nutrition is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. Zinc is a micronutrient essential for all living organisms with a key role in growth, development, and defense. Competition for Zn affects the outcome of the host-attacker interaction in both plant and animal systems. In this review, we provide a clear framework of the different strategies involving low and high Zn concentrations launched by plants to fight their enemies. After briefly introducing the most relevant macro- and micronutrients for plant defense, the functions of Zn in plant protection are summarized with special emphasis on superoxide dismutases (SODs) and zinc finger proteins. Following, we cover recent meaningful studies identifying Zn-related passive and active mechanisms for plant protection. Finally, Zn-based strategies evolved by pathogens and pests to counteract plant defenses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabot
- Departament of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Soledad Martos
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Llugany
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Gallego
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Luhur A, Klueg KM, Zelhof AC. Generating and working with Drosophila cell cultures: Current challenges and opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 8:e339. [PMID: 30561900 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of Drosophila cell cultures has positively impacted both fundamental and biomedical research. The most widely used cell lines: Schneider, Kc, the CNS and imaginal disc lines continue to be the choice for many applications. Drosophila cell lines provide a homogenous source of cells suitable for biochemical experimentations, transcriptomics, functional genomics, and biomedical applications. They are amenable to RNA interference and serve as a platform for high-throughput screens to identify relevant candidate genes or drugs for any biological process. Currently, CRISPR-based functional genomics are also being developed for Drosophila cell lines. Even though many uniquely derived cell lines exist, cell genetic techniques such the transgenic UAS-GAL4-based RasV12 oncogene expression, CRISPR-Cas9 editing and recombination mediated cassette exchange are likely to drive the establishment of many more lines from specific tissues, cells, or genotypes. However, the pace of creating new lines is hindered by several factors inherent to working with Drosophila cell cultures: single cell cloning, optimal media formulations and culture conditions capable of supporting lines from novel tissue sources or genotypes. Moreover, even though many Drosophila cell lines are morphologically and transcriptionally distinct it may be necessary to implement a standard for Drosophila cell line authentication, ensuring the identity and purity of each cell line. Altogether, recent advances and a standardized authentication effort should improve the utility of Drosophila cell cultures as a relevant model for fundamental and biomedical research. This article is categorized under: Technologies > Analysis of Cell, Tissue, and Animal Phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Luhur
- Department of Biology, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Kristin M Klueg
- Department of Biology, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew C Zelhof
- Department of Biology, Drosophila Genomics Resource Center, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
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10
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Miguel-Aliaga I, Jasper H, Lemaitre B. Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive Tract of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2018; 210:357-396. [PMID: 30287514 PMCID: PMC6216580 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract has recently come to the forefront of multiple research fields. It is now recognized as a major source of signals modulating food intake, insulin secretion and energy balance. It is also a key player in immunity and, through its interaction with microbiota, can shape our physiology and behavior in complex and sometimes unexpected ways. The insect intestine had remained, by comparison, relatively unexplored until the identification of adult somatic stem cells in the Drosophila intestine over a decade ago. Since then, a growing scientific community has exploited the genetic amenability of this insect organ in powerful and creative ways. By doing so, we have shed light on a broad range of biological questions revolving around stem cells and their niches, interorgan signaling and immunity. Despite their relatively recent discovery, some of the mechanisms active in the intestine of flies have already been shown to be more widely applicable to other gastrointestinal systems, and may therefore become relevant in the context of human pathologies such as gastrointestinal cancers, aging, or obesity. This review summarizes our current knowledge of both the formation and function of the Drosophila melanogaster digestive tract, with a major focus on its main digestive/absorptive portion: the strikingly adaptable adult midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945-1400
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Tejeda-Guzmán C, Rosas-Arellano A, Kroll T, Webb SM, Barajas-Aceves M, Osorio B, Missirlis F. Biogenesis of zinc storage granules in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb168419. [PMID: 29367274 PMCID: PMC5897703 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.168419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters and sequestration mechanisms concentrate metal ions differentially into discrete subcellular microenvironments for use in protein cofactors, signalling, storage or excretion. Here we identify zinc storage granules as the insect's major zinc reservoir in principal Malpighian tubule epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster The concerted action of Adaptor Protein-3, Rab32, HOPS and BLOC complexes as well as of the white-scarlet (ABCG2-like) and ZnT35C (ZnT2/ZnT3/ZnT8-like) transporters is required for zinc storage granule biogenesis. Due to lysosome-related organelle defects caused by mutations in the homologous human genes, patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome may lack zinc granules in beta pancreatic cells, intestinal paneth cells and presynaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Abraham Rosas-Arellano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martha Barajas-Aceves
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
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12
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Navarro JA, Schneuwly S. Copper and Zinc Homeostasis: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 29312444 PMCID: PMC5743009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of metal homeostasis is crucial for many different enzymatic activities and in turn for cell function and survival. In addition, cells display detoxification and protective mechanisms against toxic accumulation of metals. Perturbation of any of these processes normally leads to cellular dysfunction and finally to cell death. In the last years, loss of metal regulation has been described as a common pathological feature in many human neurodegenerative diseases. However, in most cases, it is still a matter of debate whether such dyshomeostasis is a primary or a secondary downstream defect. In this review, we will summarize and critically evaluate the contribution of Drosophila to model human diseases that involve altered metabolism of metals or in which metal dyshomeostasis influence their pathobiology. As a prerequisite to use Drosophila as a model, we will recapitulate and describe the main features of core genes involved in copper and zinc metabolism that are conserved between mammals and flies. Drosophila presents some unique strengths to be at the forefront of neurobiological studies. The number of genetic tools, the possibility to easily test genetic interactions in vivo and the feasibility to perform unbiased genetic and pharmacological screens are some of the most prominent advantages of the fruitfly. In this work, we will pay special attention to the most important results reported in fly models to unveil the role of copper and zinc in cellular degeneration and their influence in the development and progression of human neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Friedreich's Ataxia or Menkes, and Wilson's diseases. Finally, we show how these studies performed in the fly have allowed to give further insight into the influence of copper and zinc in the molecular and cellular causes and consequences underlying these diseases as well as the discovery of new therapeutic strategies, which had not yet been described in other model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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