1
|
Leung K, van de Zande L, Beukeboom LW. Effects of polyploidization and their evolutionary implications are revealed by heritable polyploidy in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288278. [PMID: 37917617 PMCID: PMC10621845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent polyploidization occurred in the evolutionary history of most Eukaryota. However, how neopolyploid detriment (sterility, gigantism, gene dosage imbalances) has been overcome and even been bridged to evolutionary advantage (gene network diversification, mass radiation, range expansion) is largely unknown, particularly for animals. We used the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a rare insect system with heritable polyploidy, to begin addressing this knowledge gap. In Hymenoptera the sexes have different ploidies (haploid males, diploid females) and neopolyploids (diploid males, triploid females) occur for various species. Although such polyploids are usually sterile, those of N. vitripennis are reproductively capable and can even establish stable polyploid lines. To assess the effects of polyploidization, we compared a long-established polyploid line, the Whiting polyploid line (WPL) and a newly generated transformer knockdown line (tKDL) for fitness traits, absolute gene expression, and cell size and number. WPL polyploids have high male fitness and low female fecundity, while tKDL polyploids have poor male mate competition ability and high fertility. WPL has larger cells and cell number reduction, but the tKDL does not differ in this respect. Expression analyses of two housekeeping genes indicated that gene dosage is linked to sex irrespective of ploidy. Our study suggests that polyploid phenotypic variation may explain why some polyploid lineages thrive and others die out; a commonly proposed but difficult-to-test hypothesis. This documentation of diploid males (tKDL) with impaired competitive mating ability; triploid females with high fitness variation; and hymenopteran sexual dosage compensation (despite the lack of sex chromosomes) all challenges general assumptions on hymenopteran biology. We conclude that polyploidization is dependent on the duplicated genome characteristics and that genomes of different lines are unequally suited to survive diploidization. These results demonstrate the utility of N. vitripennis for delineating mechanisms of animal polyploid evolution, analogous to more advanced polyploid plant models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Leung
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van de Zande
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo W. Beukeboom
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oldroyd BP, Yagound B, Allsopp MH, Holmes MJ, Buchmann G, Zayed A, Beekman M. Adaptive, caste-specific changes to recombination rates in a thelytokous honeybee population. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210729. [PMID: 34102886 PMCID: PMC8187994 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to clone oneself has clear benefits-no need for mate hunting or dilution of one's genome in offspring. It is therefore unsurprising that some populations of haplo-diploid social insects have evolved thelytokous parthenogenesis-the virgin birth of a female. But thelytokous parthenogenesis has a downside: the loss of heterozygosity (LoH) as a consequence of genetic recombination. LoH in haplo-diploid insects can be highly deleterious because female sex determination often relies on heterozygosity at sex-determining loci. The two female castes of the Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis, differ in their mode of reproduction. While workers always reproduce thelytokously, queens always mate and reproduce sexually. For workers, it is important to reduce the frequency of recombination so as to not produce offspring that are homozygous. Here, we ask whether recombination rates differ between Cape workers and Cape queens that we experimentally manipulated to reproduce thelytokously. We tested our hypothesis that Cape workers have evolved mechanisms that restrain genetic recombination, whereas queens have no need for such mechanisms because they reproduce sexually. Using a combination of microsatellite genotyping and whole-genome sequencing we find that a reduction in recombination is confined to workers only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Oldroyd
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution (BEE) Laboratory, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, NSW 2006, Australia
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Wallotstrasse 19, 14193 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Yagound
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution (BEE) Laboratory, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael H. Allsopp
- Michael H Allsopp, Honeybee Research Section, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Holmes
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution (BEE) Laboratory, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Buchmann
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution (BEE) Laboratory, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Madeleine Beekman
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution (BEE) Laboratory, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12, NSW 2006, Australia
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Wallotstrasse 19, 14193 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith NMA, Yagound B, Remnant EJ, Foster CSP, Buchmann G, Allsopp MH, Kent CF, Zayed A, Rose SA, Lo K, Ashe A, Harpur BA, Beekman M, Oldroyd BP. Paternally-biased gene expression follows kin-selected predictions in female honey bee embryos. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1523-1533. [PMID: 32220095 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Kinship Theory of Genomic Imprinting (KTGI) posits that, in species where females mate with multiple males, there is selection for a male to enhance the reproductive success of his offspring at the expense of other males and his mating partner. Reciprocal crosses between honey bee subspecies show parent-of-origin effects for reproductive traits, suggesting that males modify the expression of genes related to female function in their female offspring. This effect is likely to be greater in the Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis), because a male's daughters have the unique ability to produce female offspring that can develop into reproductive workers or the next queen without mating. We generated reciprocal crosses between Capensis and another subspecies and used RNA-seq to identify transcripts that are over- or underexpressed in the embryos, depending on the parental origin of the gene. As predicted, 21 genes showed expression bias towards the Capensis father's allele in colonies with a Capensis father, with no such bias in the reciprocal cross. A further six genes showed a consistent bias towards expression of the father's allele across all eight colonies examined, regardless of the direction of the cross. Consistent with predictions of the KTGI, six of the 21 genes are associated with female reproduction. No gene consistently showed overexpression of the maternal allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M A Smith
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Yagound
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily J Remnant
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles S P Foster
- Evolutionary and Integrative Zoology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael H Allsopp
- Honey Bee Research Section, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Clement F Kent
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen A Rose
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kitty Lo
- Statistics Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alyson Ashe
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brock A Harpur
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Madeleine Beekman
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McAfee A, Pettis JS, Tarpy DR, Foster LJ. Feminizer and doublesex knock-outs cause honey bees to switch sexes. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000256. [PMID: 31059510 PMCID: PMC6522059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are experts at refuting societal norms. Their matriarchal hives are headed by queens, backed by an all-female workforce, and males die soon after copulation. But the biochemical basis of how these distinct castes and sexes (queens, workers, and drones) arise is poorly understood, partly due to a lack of efficient tools for genetic manipulation. Now, Roth and colleagues have used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) to knock out two key genes (feminizer and doublesex) that guide sexual development. Their technique yielded remarkably low rates of genetic mosaicism and offers a promising tool for engineering and phenotyping bees for diverse applications. This Primer explores the implications of a new study that uses CRISPR gene editing to investigate genetic switches controlling sex determination in the honey bee, Apis mellifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison McAfee
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffery S. Pettis
- Pettis and Associates, Salisbury, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David R. Tarpy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|