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Shamsara M, Jamshidizad A, Rahim-Tayefeh A, Davari M, Rajabi Zangi A, Masoumi F, Zomorodipour A. Generation of Mouse Model of Hemophilia A by Introducing Novel Mutations, Using CRISPR/Nickase Gene Targeting System. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:655-659. [PMID: 37718768 PMCID: PMC10520988 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.1999800.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing mouse models of hemophilia A has been shown to facilitate in vivo studies to explore the probable mechanism(s) underlying the disease and to examine the efficiency of the relevant potential therapeutics. This study aimed to knockout (KO) the coagulation factor viii (fviii) gene in NMRI mice, using CRISPR/Cas9 (D10A/nickase) system, to generate a mouse model of hemophilia A. Two single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), designed from two distinct regions on NMRI mouse FVIII (mFVIII) exon 3, were designed and inserted in the pX335 vector, expressing both sgRNAs and nickase. The recombinant construct was delivered into mouse zygotes and implanted into the pseudopregnant female mice's uterus. Mutant mice were identified by genotyping, genomic sequencing, and mFVIII activity assessment. Two separate lines of hemophilia A were obtained through interbreeding the offspring of the female mice receiving potential CRISPR-Cas9-edited zygotes. Genomic DNA analysis revealed disruptions of the mfviii gene reading frame through a 22-bp deletion and a 23-bp insertion in two separate founder mice. The founder mice showed all the clinical signs of hemophilia A including; excessive bleeding after injuries, and spontaneous bleeding in joints and other organs. Coagulation test data showed that mFVIII coagulation activity was significantly diminished in the mFVIII knockout (FVIIIKO) mice compared to normal mice. The CRISPR/nickase system was successfully applied to generate mouse lines with the knockout fviii gene. The two novel FVIIIKO mice demonstrated all clinical symptoms of hemophilia A, which could be successfully inherited. Therefore, both of the developed FVIIIKO mouse lines are eligible for being considered as proper mouse models of hemophilia A for in vivo therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Jamshidizad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Rahim-Tayefeh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Davari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Masoumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zomorodipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Shi Y, Kopparapu N, Ohler L, Dickinson DJ. Efficient and rapid fluorescent protein knock-in with universal donors in mouse embryonic stem cells. Development 2023; 150:dev201367. [PMID: 37129004 PMCID: PMC10233722 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent protein (FP) tagging is a key method for observing protein distribution, dynamics and interaction with other proteins in living cells. However, the typical approach using overexpression of tagged proteins can perturb cell behavior and introduce localization artifacts. To preserve native expression, fluorescent proteins can be inserted directly into endogenous genes. This approach has been widely used in yeast for decades, and more recently in invertebrate model organisms with the advent of CRISPR/Cas9. However, endogenous FP tagging has not been widely used in mammalian cells due to inefficient homology-directed repair. Recently, the CRISPaint system used non-homologous end joining for efficient integration of FP tags into native loci, but it only allows C-terminal knock-ins. Here, we have enhanced the CRISPaint system by introducing new universal donors for N-terminal insertion and for multi-color tagging with orthogonal selection markers. We adapted the procedure for mouse embryonic stem cells, which can be differentiated into diverse cell types. Our protocol is rapid and efficient, enabling live imaging in less than 2 weeks post-transfection. These improvements increase the versatility and applicability of FP knock-in in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nitya Kopparapu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lauren Ohler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel J. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Kalamakis G, Platt RJ. CRISPR for neuroscientists. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00306-9. [PMID: 37201524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genome engineering technologies provide an entry point into understanding and controlling the function of genetic elements in health and disease. The discovery and development of the microbial defense system CRISPR-Cas yielded a treasure trove of genome engineering technologies and revolutionized the biomedical sciences. Comprising diverse RNA-guided enzymes and effector proteins that evolved or were engineered to manipulate nucleic acids and cellular processes, the CRISPR toolbox provides precise control over biology. Virtually all biological systems are amenable to genome engineering-from cancer cells to the brains of model organisms to human patients-galvanizing research and innovation and giving rise to fundamental insights into health and powerful strategies for detecting and correcting disease. In the field of neuroscience, these tools are being leveraged across a wide range of applications, including engineering traditional and non-traditional transgenic animal models, modeling disease, testing genomic therapies, unbiased screening, programming cell states, and recording cellular lineages and other biological processes. In this primer, we describe the development and applications of CRISPR technologies while highlighting outstanding limitations and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalamakis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randall J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland; NCCR MSE, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Botnar Research Center for Child Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Leal AF, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 nickase-mediated genome editing in an in vitro model of mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. Gene Ther 2023; 30:107-114. [PMID: 35581402 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by mutations in gene encoding for GALNS enzyme. Lack of GALNS activity leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Although enzyme replacement therapy has been approved since 2014 for MPS IVA, still there is an unmet medical need to have improved therapies for this disorder. CRISPR/Cas9-based gene therapy has been tested for several LSDs with encouraging findings, but to date it has not been assayed on MPS IVA. In this work, we validated for the first time the use of CRISPR/Cas9, using a Cas9 nickase, for the knock-in of an expression cassette containing GALNS cDNA in an in vitro model of MPS IVA. The results showed the successful homologous recombination of the expression cassette into the AAVS1 locus, as well as a long-term increase in GALNS activity reaching up to 40% of wild-type levels. We also observed normalization of lysosomal mass, total GAGs, and oxidative stress, which are some of the major findings regarding the pathophysiological events in MPS IVA. These results represent a proof-of-concept of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase strategy for the development of a novel therapeutic alternative for MPS IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., 110231, Colombia.
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Zhang X, Li T, Ou J, Huang J, Liang P. Homology-based repair induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in mammalian embryo genome editing. Protein Cell 2021; 13:316-335. [PMID: 33945139 PMCID: PMC9008090 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in genome editing, especially CRISPR-Cas nucleases, have revolutionized both laboratory research and clinical therapeutics. CRISPR-Cas nucleases, together with the DNA damage repair pathway in cells, enable both genetic diversification by classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) and precise genome modification by homology-based repair (HBR). Genome editing in zygotes is a convenient way to edit the germline, paving the way for animal disease model generation, as well as human embryo genome editing therapy for some life-threatening and incurable diseases. HBR efficiency is highly dependent on the DNA donor that is utilized as a repair template. Here, we review recent progress in improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos by designing a suitable DNA donor. Moreover, we want to provide a guide for producing animal disease models and correcting genetic mutations through CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos. Finally, we discuss recent developments in precise genome-modification technology based on the CRISPR-Cas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianping Ou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Puping Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Duarte F, Déglon N. Genome Editing for CNS Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579062. [PMID: 33192264 PMCID: PMC7642486 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders have a social and economic burden on modern societies, and the development of effective therapies is urgently required. Gene editing may prevent or cure a disease by inducing genetic changes at endogenous loci. Genome editing includes not only the insertion, deletion or replacement of nucleotides, but also the modulation of gene expression and epigenetic editing. Emerging technologies based on ZFs, TALEs, and CRISPR/Cas systems have extended the boundaries of genome manipulation and promoted genome editing approaches to the level of promising strategies for counteracting genetic diseases. The parallel development of efficient delivery systems has also increased our access to the CNS. In this review, we describe the various tools available for genome editing and summarize in vivo preclinical studies of CNS genome editing, whilst considering current limitations and alternative approaches to overcome some bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Duarte
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hao M, Wang Z, Qiao H, Yin P, Qiao J, Qi H. Dynamic Genome Editing Using In Vivo Synthesized Donor ssDNA in Escherichia coli. Cells 2020; 9:E467. [PMID: 32085579 PMCID: PMC7072734 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key element of genome editing, donor DNA introduces the desired exogenous sequence while working with other crucial machinery such as CRISPR-Cas or recombinases. However, current methods for the delivery of donor DNA into cells are both inefficient and complicated. Here, we developed a new methodology that utilizes rolling circle replication and Cas9 mediated (RC-Cas-mediated) in vivo single strand DNA (ssDNA) synthesis. A single-gene rolling circle DNA replication system from Gram-negative bacteria was engineered to produce circular ssDNA from a Gram-positive parent plasmid at a designed sequence in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the desired linear ssDNA fragment could be cut out using CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) nuclease and combined with lambda Red recombinase as donor for precise genome engineering. Various donor ssDNA fragments from hundreds to thousands of nucleotides in length were synthesized in E. coli cells, allowing successive genome editing in growing cells. We hope that this RC-Cas-mediated in vivo ssDNA on-site synthesis system will be widely adopted as a useful new tool for dynamic genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhaoguan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (M.H.); (Z.W.); (H.Q.); (P.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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