1
|
Fanara JJ, Sassi PL, Goenaga J, Hasson E. Genetic basis and repeatability for desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Genetica 2024; 152:1-9. [PMID: 38102503 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration is a stress factor for organisms inhabiting natural habitats where water is scarce. Thus, it may be expected that species facing arid environments will develop mechanisms that maximize resistance to desiccation. Insects are excellent models for studying the effects of dehydration as well as the mechanisms and processes that prevent water loss since the effect of desiccation is greater due to the higher area/volume ratio than larger animals. Even though physiological and behavioral mechanisms to cope with desiccation are being understood, the genetic basis underlying the mechanisms related to variation in desiccation resistance and the context-dependent effect remain unsolved. Here we analyze the genetic bases of desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster and identify candidate genes that underlie trait variation. Our quantitative genetic analysis of desiccation resistance revealed sexual dimorphism and extensive genetic variation. The phenotype-genotype association analyses (GWAS) identified 71 candidate genes responsible for total phenotypic variation in desiccation resistance. Half of these candidate genes were sex-specific suggesting that the genetic architecture underlying this adaptive trait differs between males and females. Moreover, the public availability of desiccation data analyzed on the same lines but in a different lab allows us to investigate the reliability and repeatability of results obtained in independent screens. Our survey indicates a pervasive micro-environment lab-dependent effect since we did not detect overlap in the sets of genes affecting desiccation resistance identified between labs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Fanara
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET-UBA, FCEN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paola Lorena Sassi
- Grupo de Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julieta Goenaga
- Quality Control & NIR Scientist, Biomar Group, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Laboratorio de Evolución, Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET-UBA, FCEN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De La Torre AM, López-Martínez G. Anoxia hormesis improves performance and longevity at the expense of fitness in a classic life history trade-off. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159629. [PMID: 36280058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis occurs as a result of biphasic dose relationship resulting in stimulatory responses at low doses and inhibitory ones at high doses. In this framework, environmental factors are often studied to understand how this exposure benefits the animal. In the current study we used anoxia, the total absence of oxygen, as the most extreme version of low oxygen hormesis. Our goal was to determine the dose, the extent of the effect, and the cost of that response in Tenebrio molitor. We identified that the hormetic range (1 to 3 h of anoxia) was similar to that of other insects. Individuals that were exposed to 3 h had high emergence, increased activity throughout life, and lived longer. Beetles that experienced 1 h of anoxia performed better than the controls while the 6-h group had compromised performance. These boosts in performance at 3 h were accompanied by significant costs. Treated individuals had a delay in development and once matured they had decreased fitness. There were also transgenerational effects of hormesis and F1 beetles also experienced a delay in development. Additionally, the F1 generation had decreased developmental completion (i.e., stress-induced developmental halt). Our data suggests that anoxia hormesis triggers a trade-off where individuals benefiting from improved performance and living longer experience a decrease in reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M De La Torre
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Giancarlo López-Martínez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu S, Xiao C, Robertson RM. Knockdown of a Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Impairs Locomotor Activity and Recovery From Hypoxia in Adult Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2022; 13:852919. [PMID: 35530504 PMCID: PMC9075734 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.852919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) modulates the speed of recovery from anoxia in adult Drosophila and mediates hypoxia-related behaviors in larvae. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNG) and cGMP-activated protein kinase (PKG) are two cGMP downstream targets. PKG is involved in behavioral tolerance to hypoxia and anoxia in adults, however little is known about a role for CNG channels. We used a CNGL (CNG-like) mutant with reduced CNGL transcripts to investigate the contribution of CNGL to the hypoxia response. CNGL mutants had reduced locomotor activity under normoxia. A shorter distance travelled in a standard locomotor assay was due to a slower walking speed and more frequent stops. In control flies, hypoxia immediately reduced path length per minute. Flies took 30–40 min in normoxia for >90% recovery of path length per minute from 15 min hypoxia. CNGL mutants had impaired recovery from hypoxia; 40 min for ∼10% recovery of walking speed. The effects of CNGL mutation on locomotor activity and recovery from hypoxia were recapitulated by pan-neuronal CNGL knockdown. Genetic manipulation to increase cGMP in the CNGL mutants increased locomotor activity under normoxia and eliminated the impairment of recovery from hypoxia. We conclude that CNGL channels and cGMP signaling are involved in the control of locomotor activity and the hypoxic response of adult Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chengfeng Xiao
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feitosa-Suntheimer F, Zhu Z, Mameli E, Dayama G, Gold AS, Broos-Caldwell A, Troupin A, Rippee-Brooks M, Corley RB, Lau NC, Colpitts TM, Londoño-Renteria B. Dengue Virus-2 Infection Affects Fecundity and Elicits Specific Transcriptional Changes in the Ovaries of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886787. [PMID: 35814655 PMCID: PMC9260120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF), caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is the most burdensome arboviral disease in the world, with an estimated 400 million infections each year. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of DENV and transmits several other human pathogens, including Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. Previous studies have shown that the pathogen infection of mosquitoes can alter reproductive fitness, revealing specific vector-pathogen interactions that are key determinants of vector competence. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effect of DENV infection in A. aegypti, showing a reduction in lifespan and fecundity over multiple blood meals. To provide a more comprehensive analysis of the impact of DENV infection on egg laying and fecundity, we assessed egg laying timing in DENV-2 blood-fed mosquitoes (infected group) compared to mock blood-fed mosquitoes (control group). We confirmed a significant decrease in fecundity during the first gonadotrophic cycle. To further investigate this phenotype and the underlying DENV-2 infection-dependent changes in gene expression, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis for differentially expressed genes in the ovaries of A. aegypti infected with DENV-2 vs. mock-infected mosquitoes. This analysis reveals several DENV-2-regulated genes; among them, we identified a group of 12 metabolic genes that we validated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Interestingly, two genes found to be upregulated in DENV-infected mosquito ovaries exhibited an antiviral role for DENV-2 in an Aedes cell line. Altogether, this study offers useful insights into the virus-vector interface, highlighting the importance of gene expression changes in the mosquito's ovary during DENV-2 infection in the first gonadotrophic cycle, triggering antiviral responses that may possibly interfere with mosquito reproduction. This information is extremely relevant for further investigation of A. aegypti's ability to tolerate viruses since virally infected mosquitoes in nature constitute a powerful source of supporting viruses during intra-epidemic periods, causing a huge burden on the public health system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Feitosa-Suntheimer
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zheng Zhu
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Enzo Mameli
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander S Gold
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aditi Broos-Caldwell
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Troupin
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meagan Rippee-Brooks
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Ronald B Corley
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nelson C Lau
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Genome Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tonya M Colpitts
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Berlin Londoño-Renteria
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watanabe LP, Riddle NC. Exercise-induced changes in climbing performance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211275. [PMID: 34804578 PMCID: PMC8580468 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is recommended to promote health and prevent a range of diseases. However, how exercise precipitates these benefits is unclear, nor do we understand why exercise responses differ so widely between individuals. We investigate how climbing ability in Drosophila melanogaster changes in response to an exercise treatment. We find extensive variation in baseline climbing ability and exercise-induced changes ranging from -13% to +20% in climbing ability. Climbing ability, and its exercise-induced change, is sex- and genotype-dependent. GWASs implicate 'cell-cell signalling' genes in the control of climbing ability. We also find that animal activity does not predict climbing ability and that the exercise-induced climbing ability change cannot be predicted from the activity level induced by the exercise treatment. These results provide promising new avenues for further research into the molecular pathways controlling climbing activity and illustrate the complexities involved in trying to predict individual responses to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Watanabe
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH464, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, US
| | - Nicole C. Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CH464, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294, US
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
GWAS reveal a role for the central nervous system in regulating weight and weight change in response to exercise. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5144. [PMID: 33664357 PMCID: PMC7933348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Body size and weight show considerable variation both within and between species. This variation is controlled in part by genetics, but also strongly influenced by environmental factors including diet and the level of activity experienced by the individual. Due to the increasing obesity epidemic in much of the world, there is considerable interest in the genetic factors that control body weight and how weight changes in response to exercise treatments. Here, we address this question in the Drosophila model system, utilizing 38 strains of the Drosophila Genetics Reference Panel. We use GWAS to identify the molecular pathways that control weight and weight changes in response to exercise. We find that there is a complex set of molecular pathways controlling weight, with many genes linked to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS also plays a role in the weight change with exercise, in particular, signaling from the CNS. Additional analyses revealed that weight in Drosophila is driven by two factors, animal size, and body composition, as the amount of fat mass versus lean mass impacts the density. Thus, while the CNS appears to be important for weight and exercise-induced weight change, signaling pathways are particularly important for determining how exercise impacts weight.
Collapse
|
7
|
Riddle NC. Variation in the response to exercise stimulation in Drosophila: marathon runner versus sprinter genotypes. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb229997. [PMID: 32737212 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals' behaviors vary in response to their environment, both biotic and abiotic. These behavioral responses have significant impacts on animal survival and fitness, and thus, many behavioral responses are at least partially under genetic control. In Drosophila, for example, genes impacting aggression, courtship behavior, circadian rhythms and sleep have been identified. Animal activity also is influenced strongly by genetics. My lab previously has used the Drosophila melanogaster Genetics Reference Panel (DGRP) to investigate activity levels and identified over 100 genes linked to activity. Here, I re-examined these data to determine whether Drosophila strains differ in their response to rotational exercise stimulation, not simply in the amount of activity, but in activity patterns and timing of activity. Specifically, I asked whether there are fly strains exhibiting either a 'marathoner' pattern of activity, i.e. remaining active throughout the 2 h exercise period, or a 'sprinter' pattern, i.e. carrying out most of the activity early in the exercise period. The DGRP strains examined differ significantly in how much activity is carried out at the beginning of the exercise period, and this pattern is influenced by both sex and genotype. Interestingly, there was no clear link between the activity response pattern and lifespan of the animals. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), I identified 10 high confidence candidate genes that control the degree to which Drosophila exercise behaviors fit a marathoner or sprinter activity pattern. This finding suggests that, similar to other aspects of locomotor behavior, the timing of activity patterns in response to exercise stimulation is under genetic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Riddle
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du Q, Lim NKH, Xia Y, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Huang F, Wang W. Pgant4 and Tango1 Mediate Anoxia and Reoxygenation Injury. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1552-1557. [PMID: 32803622 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Du
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Nastasia K H Lim
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Nuo-beta Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiling Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Wangchao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyao Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fude Huang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Nuo-beta Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wenan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 202150, China.
- Nuo-beta Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|