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Li X, Xin A, Ma L, Gou X, Fang S, Dong X, Ni B, Tang L, Zhu L, Yan D, Kong X. Molecular genetic characterization and meat-use functional gene identification in Jianshui yellow-brown ducks through combined resequencing and transcriptome analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1269904. [PMID: 38179331 PMCID: PMC10765987 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1269904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Jianshui yellow-brown duck is a unique country-specific waterfowl species in Yunnan Province, well known for its tender meat. However, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic research on the molecular genetic characteristics, especially germplasm resources and economic traits, of the Jianshui yellow-brown ducks. This study investigated the molecular genetic characteristics of Jianshui yellow-brown ducks, compared their selection signals with those of ancestral mallard and meat-type Pekin ducks, and identified genes specific to their meat-use performance. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the breeding potential for its meat performance. In this study, phylogenetic trees, PCA and Admixture analysis were used to investigate the population genetic structure among local duck breeds in China; population genetic differentiation index (Fst), nucleotide diversity and Tajima's D were used to detect selected loci and genes in the population of Jianshui yellow-brown ducks; and transcriptome technology was used to screen for differentially expressed genes in the liver, sebum and breast muscle tissues, and finally, the results of the genome selection signals and transcriptome data were integrated to excavate functional genes affecting the meat performance of the Jianshui yellow-brown ducks. The results of the genetic structure of the population showed that Jianshui yellow-brown ducks were clustered into a separate group. Selection signal analysis indicated significant selection pressure on certain genes related to meat characteristics (ELOVL2, ELOVL3, GDF10, VSTM2A, PHOSPHO1, and IGF2BP1) in both Jianshui yellow-brown ducks and mallards. Transcriptomic data analysis suggested that ELOVL3, PHOSPHO1, and GDF10 are vital candidate genes influencing meat production and quality in Jianshui yellow-brown ducks. A comparison of selection signals between Jianshui yellow-brown ducks and Pekin ducks revealed only 21 selected genes in the Jianshui yellow-brown duck population, and no significant genes were related to meat traits. Moreover, whole-genome resequencing data suggested that the Jianshui yellow-brown duck represents a unique category with distinct genetic mechanisms. Through selection signaling and transcriptomic approaches, we successfully screened and identified important candidate genes affecting meat traits in Jianshui yellow-brown ducks. Furthermore, the Jianshui yellow-brown duck has good potential for improved meat performance, highlighting the need for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Aiguo Xin
- Poultry Husbandry and Disease Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Gou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Suyun Fang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinxing Dong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Lavretsky P, Mohl JE, Söderquist P, Kraus RHS, Schummer ML, Brown JI. The meaning of wild: Genetic and adaptive consequences from large-scale releases of domestic mallards. Commun Biol 2023; 6:819. [PMID: 37543640 PMCID: PMC10404241 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocation of individuals around the world is leading to rising incidences of anthropogenic hybridization, particularly between domestic and wild congeners. We apply a landscape genomics approach for thousands of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) samples across continental and island populations to determine the result of over a century of supplementation practices. We establish that a single domestic game-farm mallard breed is the source for contemporary release programs in Eurasia and North America, as well as for established feral populations in New Zealand and Hawaii. In particular, we identify central Europe and eastern North America as epicenters of ongoing anthropogenic hybridization, and conclude that the release of game-farm mallards continues to affect the genetic integrity of wild mallards. Conversely, self-sustaining feral populations in New Zealand and Hawaii not only show strong differentiation from their original stock, but also signatures of local adaptation occurring in less than a half-century since game-farm mallard releases have ceased. We conclude that 'wild' is not singular, and that even feral populations are capable of responding to natural processes. Although considered paradoxical to biological conservation, understanding the capacity for wildness among feral and feral admixed populations in human landscapes is critical as such interactions increase in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lavretsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79668, USA.
| | - Jonathon E Mohl
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79668, USA
| | - Pär Söderquist
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University, SE- 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Michael L Schummer
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Joshua I Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79668, USA
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Lin R, Li J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhao F, Xiao T. Genome-Wide Population Structure Analysis and Genetic Diversity Detection of Four Chinese Indigenous Duck Breeds from Fujian Province. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172302. [PMID: 36078022 PMCID: PMC9454422 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to conduct a genome-wide comparative analysis of four indigenous Chinese duck breeds (Jinding, Liancheng white, Putian black, and Shanma ducks) from Fujian Province, to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. Population parameters showed that the four indigenous breeds were separated groups. Five genomic regions are presented as hotspots of autozygosity among these indigenous duck breeds, with candidate genes involved in muscle growth, pigmentation, and neuroregulation. Genomic information may play a vital role in the improvement of conservation strategies. Abstract The assessment of population genetic structure is the basis for understanding the genetic information of indigenous breeds and is important for the protection and management of indigenous breeds. However, the population genetic differentiation of many local breeds still remains unclear. Here, we performed a genome-wide comparative analysis of Jinding, Liancheng white, Putian black, and Shanma ducks based on the genomic sequences using RAD sequencing to understand their population structure and genetic diversity. The population parameters showed that there were obvious genetic differences among the four indigenous breeds, which were separated groups. Among them, Liancheng white and Shanma ducks may come from the same ancestor because the phylogenetic tree forms three tree trunks. In addition, during the runs of homozygosity (ROH), we found that the average inbreeding coefficient of Liancheng white and Putian black ducks was the lowest and the highest, respectively. Five genomic regions were considered to be the hotspots of autozygosity among these indigenous duck breeds, and the candidate genes involved a variety of potential variations, such as muscle growth, pigmentation, and neuroregulation. These findings provide insights into the further improvement and conservation of Fujian duck breeds.
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Du L, Li K, Chang T, An B, Liang M, Deng T, Cao S, Du Y, Cai W, Gao X, Xu L, Zhang L, Li J, Gao H. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics to identify candidate genes for subcutaneous fat deposition in beef cattle. Genomics 2022; 114:110406. [PMID: 35709924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat deposition is a complex economic trait regulated by polygenic genetic basis and environmental factors. Therefore, integrating multi-omics data to uncover its internal regulatory mechanism has attracted extensive attention. Here, we performed genomics and transcriptomics analysis to detect candidates affecting subcutaneous fat (SCF) deposition in beef cattle. The association of 770K SNPs with the backfat thickness captured nine significant SNPs within or near 11 genes. Additionally, 13 overlapping genes regarding fat deposition were determined via the analysis of differentially expressed genes and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We then calculated the correlations of these genes with BFT and constructed their interaction network. Finally, seven biomarkers including ACACA, SCD, FASN, ACOX1, ELOVL5, HACD2, and HSD17B12 were screened. Notably, ACACA, identified by the integration of genomics and transcriptomics, was more likely to exert profound effects on SCF deposition. These findings provided novel insights into the regulation mechanism underlying bovine fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keanning Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianpeng Chang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxing An
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mang Liang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yueying Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junya Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu H, Wang L, Guo Z, Xu Q, Fan W, Xu Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Tang J, Xie M, Zhou Z, Hou S. Genome-wide association and selective sweep analyses reveal genetic loci for FCR of egg production traits in ducks. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:98. [PMID: 34930109 PMCID: PMC8690979 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a major economic trait in poultry, egg production efficiency attracts widespread interest in breeding and production. However, limited information is available about the underlying genetic architecture of egg production traits in ducks. In this paper, we analyzed six egg production-related traits in 352 F2 ducks derived from reciprocal crosses between mallard and Pekin ducks. Results Feed conversation ratio (FCR) was positively correlated with feed intake but negatively correlated with egg-related traits, including egg weight and egg production, both phenotypically and genetically. Estimates of pedigree-based heritability were higher than 0.2 for all traits investigated, except hip-width. Based on whole-genome sequencing data, we conducted genome-wide association studies to identify genomic regions associated with these traits. In total, 11 genomic regions were associated with FCR. No genomic regions were identified as significantly associated with hip-width, total feed intake, average daily feed intake, and total egg production. Analysis of selective sweeps between mallard and Pekin ducks confirmed three of these genomic regions on chromosomes 13, 3 and 6. Within these three regions, variants in candidate genes that were in linkage disequilibrium with the GWAS leader single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Chr13:2,196,728, P = 7.05 × 10–14; Chr3:76,991,524, P = 1.06 × 10–12; Chr6:20,356,803, P = 1.14 × 10–10) were detected. Thus, we identified 31 potential candidate genes associated with FCR, among which the strongest candidates are those that are highly expressed in tissues involved in reproduction and nervous system functions of ducks: CNTN4, CRBR, GPR63, KLHL32, FHL5, TRNT1, MANEA, NDUFAF4, and SCD. Conclusions For the first time, we report the identification of genomic regions that are associated with FCR in ducks and our results illustrate the genomic changes that occurred during their domestication and are involved in egg production efficiency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00684-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 613000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 613000, China
| | - Zhanbao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 613000, China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang R, Sun J, Han H, Huang Y, Chen T, Yang M, Wei Q, Wan H, Liao Y. Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic characteristics of different duck breeds from the Guangxi region in China. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6156632. [PMID: 33677537 PMCID: PMC8759808 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Distinctive indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations of Guangxi, China, evolved due to the geographical, cultural, and environmental variability of this region. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the indigenous ducks of Guangxi, 78 individuals from eight populations were collected and sequenced by whole-genome resequencing with an average depth of ∼9.40×. The eight indigenous duck populations included four breeds and four resource populations. Moreover, the genome data of 47 individuals from two typical meat-type breeds and two native egg-type breeds were obtained from a public database. Calculation of heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity (π), Tajima’s D, and FST indicated that the Guangxi populations were characterized by higher genetic diversity and lower differentiation than meat-type breeds. The highest diversity was observed in the Xilin-Ma ducks. Principal component, structure, and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the relationship between the indigenous duck populations of Guangxi. A mild degree of differentiation was observed among the Guangxi populations, although three populations were closer to the meat or egg breeds. Indigenous populations are famous for their special flavor, small body size, and slow growth rates. Selective sweep analysis revealed the candidate genes and pathways associated with these growth traits. Our findings provide a valuable source of information regarding genetic diversity, population conservation, and genome-associated breeding of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.,ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Junli Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Hu Han
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.,ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Yingfei Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.,ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Manman Yang
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.,ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.,ShenZhen Engineering Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Animal Breeding, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Huofu Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.,Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
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Feng P, Zeng T, Yang H, Chen G, Du J, Chen L, Shen J, Tao Z, Wang P, Yang L, Lu L. Whole-genome resequencing provides insights into the population structure and domestication signatures of ducks in eastern China. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:401. [PMID: 34058976 PMCID: PMC8165772 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duck is an ancient domesticated animal with high economic value, used for its meat, eggs, and feathers. However, the origin of indigenous Chinese ducks remains elusive. To address this question, we performed whole-genome resequencing to first explore the genetic relationship among variants of these domestic ducks with their potential wild ancestors in eastern China, as well as understand how the their genomes were shaped by different natural and artificial selective pressures. Results Here, we report the resequencing of 60 ducks from Chinese spot-billed ducks (Anas zonorhyncha), mallards (Anas platyrhnchos), Fenghua ducks, Shaoxing ducks, Shanma ducks and Cherry Valley Pekin ducks of eastern China (ten from each population) at an average effective sequencing depth of ~ 6× per individual. The results of population and demographic analysis revealed a deep phylogenetic split between wild (Chinese spot-billed ducks and mallards) and domestic ducks. By applying selective sweep analysis, we identified that several candidate genes, important pathways and GO categories associated with artificial selection were functionally related to cellular adhesion, type 2 diabetes, lipid metabolism, the cell cycle, liver cell proliferation, and muscle functioning in domestic ducks. Conclusion Genetic structure analysis showed a close genetic relationship of Chinese spot-billed ducks and mallards, which supported that Chinese spot-billed ducks contributed to the breeding of domestic ducks. During the long history of artificial selection, domestic ducks have developed a complex biological adaptation to captivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07710-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishi Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junda Shen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrong Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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