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Kerruish DWM, Cormican P, Kenny EM, Kearns J, Colgan E, Boulton CA, Stelma SNE. The origins of the Guinness stout yeast. Commun Biol 2024; 7:68. [PMID: 38216745 PMCID: PMC10786833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Beer is made via the fermentation of an aqueous extract predominantly composed of malted barley flavoured with hops. The transforming microorganism is typically a single strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and for the majority of major beer brands the yeast strain is a unique component. The present yeast used to make Guinness stout brewed in Dublin, Ireland, can be traced back to 1903, but its origins are unknown. To that end, we used Illumina and Nanopore sequencing to generate whole-genome sequencing data for a total of 22 S. cerevisiae yeast strains: 16 from the Guinness collection and 6 other historical Irish brewing. The origins of the Guinness yeast were determined with a SNP-based analysis, demonstrating that the Guinness strains occupy a distinct group separate from other historical Irish brewing yeasts. Assessment of chromosome number, copy number variation and phenotypic evaluation of key brewing attributes established Guinness yeast-specific SNPs but no specific chromosomal amplifications. Our analysis also demonstrated the effects of yeast storage on phylogeny. Altogether, our results suggest that the Guinness yeast used today is related to the first deposited Guinness yeast; the 1903 Watling Laboratory Guinness yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica Kearns
- Diageo Ireland, St James's Gate, The Liberties, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eibhlin Colgan
- Diageo Ireland, St James's Gate, The Liberties, Dublin, Ireland
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Near Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of Rhodotorula babjevae Strains Reveals High Intraspecific Divergence. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040323. [PMID: 35448555 PMCID: PMC9027234 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Rhodotorula includes basidiomycetous oleaginous yeast species. Rhodotorula babjevae can produce compounds of biotechnological interest such as lipids, carotenoids, and biosurfactants from low value substrates such as lignocellulose hydrolysate. High-quality genome assemblies are needed to develop genetic tools and to understand fungal evolution and genetics. Here, we combined short- and long-read sequencing to resolve the genomes of two R. babjevae strains, CBS 7808 (type strain) and DBVPG 8058, at chromosomal level. Both genomes are 21 Mbp in size and have a GC content of 68.2%. Allele frequency analysis indicates that both strains are tetraploid. The genomes consist of a maximum of 21 chromosomes with a size of 0.4 to 2.4 Mbp. In both assemblies, the mitochondrial genome was recovered in a single contig, that shared 97% pairwise identity. Pairwise identity between most chromosomes ranges from 82 to 87%. We also found indications for strain-specific extrachromosomal endogenous DNA. A total of 7591 and 7481 protein-coding genes were annotated in CBS 7808 and DBVPG 8058, respectively. CBS 7808 accumulated a higher number of tandem duplications than DBVPG 8058. We identified large translocation events between putative chromosomes. Genome divergence values between the two strains indicate that they may belong to different species.
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Pinto FO, Lopes T, Vieira AM, Oliveira RO, Gomes FF, Fabricio MF, Ayub MAZ, Mendes SDC, Pagani DM, Valente P. Isolation, Selection and Characterization of Wild Yeasts with Potential for Brewing. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2022.2031777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Otesbelgue Pinto
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Lopes
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Audren Monteiro Vieira
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Ott Oliveira
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fraga Gomes
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fensterseifer Fabricio
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Zachia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra Denise Camargo Mendes
- Laboratory of Analysis of Wines and Derivatives, Experimental Station of Videira, Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency – EPAGRI, Videira, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Machado Pagani
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Valente
- Mycology Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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