1
|
Kurtanovic A, Hofferberth J, Ruther J. Male sex pheromone in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia longicornis: Chemical and behavioral analyses. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1076398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of sex pheromones for the attraction of potential mating partners is widespread in insects. Species-specificity of these chemical signals is essential, particularly in closely related species with overlapping habitats. In parasitoid wasps of the genus Nasonia, it is the males that produce sex pheromones in their rectal vesicles. The genus consists of four species: N. vitripennis (Nv), N. giraulti (Ng), N. oneida (No), and N. longicornis (Nl). The cosmopolitan species Nv is sympatric with Ng and No in eastern North America and with Nl in the west. Interspecific courtship is common in Nasonia although hybridization is prevented in most combinations by Wolbachia-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility. The pheromone of Nv males differs from all Nasonia congeners by an additional component that is believed to ensure precopulatory isolation from the sympatric congeners. Detailed investigations on these interactions, however, exist only for the species combination Nv/Ng. Here, we report the results of chemical and behavioral investigations on the sex pheromone of Nl males. The pheromone consists of (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS) and 4-methylquinazoline (MQ) as a minor component which are produced only after eclosion. Pheromone titers peaked 2 days after eclosion and remained constant on day three. The pheromone is deposited by abdomen dipping which males increasingly exhibited after mating or brief contact with a female. The presence of hosts containing females about to emerge did not increase marking behavior. Site fidelity of males at their own pheromone markings is mediated by MQ. Both natural and synthetic pheromone attracted virgin but not mated females and both RS and MQ are required for female attraction. Females collected during emergence from the host responded likewise to the pheromone and 84% of them produced mixed-sex offspring showing that most of them emerge unmated. Nl females preferred pheromone extract from conspecific males to extract from Nv males, and the addition of the Nv-specific component (4R,5R)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RR) to the Nl pheromone made them unresponsive. The present study demonstrates that Nl uses the male sex pheromone in a similar way as previously shown for Nv and Ng. Furthermore, it shows that Nl females use the Nv-specific pheromone component RR to avoid costly sexual interactions with Nv males in regions of sympatry.
Collapse
|
2
|
Eleftheriou E, Aury JM, Vacherie B, Istace B, Belser C, Noel B, Moret Y, Rigaud T, Berro F, Gasparian S, Labadie-Bretheau K, Lefebvre T, Madoui MA. Chromosome-scale assembly of the yellow mealworm genome. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:94. [PMID: 37645128 PMCID: PMC10445852 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13987.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background: The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new T. molitor lines, the access to its genome remains essential. Methods: By combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina Hi-C data, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of T. molitor. Then, we combined RNA-seq data and available coleoptera proteomes for gene prediction with GMOVE. Results: We produced a high-quality genome with a N50 = 21.9Mb with a completeness of 99.5% and predicted 21,435 genes with a median size of 1,780 bp. Gene orthology between T. molitor and Tribolium castaneum showed a highly conserved synteny between the two coleoptera and paralogs search revealed an expansion of histones in the T. molitor genome. Conclusions: The present genome will greatly help fundamental and applied research such as genetic breeding and will contribute to the sustainable production of the yellow mealworm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eleftheriou
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benoît Vacherie
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris‐Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benjamin Istace
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benjamin Noel
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | | | | | - Karine Labadie-Bretheau
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris‐Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | | | - Mohammed-Amin Madoui
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
- Service d’Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eleftheriou E, Aury JM, Vacherie B, Istace B, Belser C, Noel B, Moret Y, Rigaud T, Berro F, Gasparian S, Labadie-Bretheau K, Lefebvre T, Madoui MA. Chromosome-scale assembly of the yellow mealworm genome. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:94. [PMID: 37645128 PMCID: PMC10445852 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13987.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new T. molitor lines, the access to its genome remains essential. Methods: By combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina Hi-C data, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of T. molitor. Then, we combined RNA-seq data and available coleoptera proteomes for gene prediction with GMOVE. Results: We produced a high-quality genome with a N50 = 21.9Mb with a completeness of 99.5% and predicted 21,435 genes with a median size of 1,780 bp. Gene orthology between T. molitor and Tribolium castaneum showed a highly conserved synteny between the two coleoptera and paralogs search revealed an expansion of histones in the T. molitor genome. Conclusions: The present genome will greatly help fundamental and applied research such as genetic breeding and will contribute to the sustainable production of the yellow mealworm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eleftheriou
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benoît Vacherie
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris‐Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benjamin Istace
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Benjamin Noel
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | | | | | - Karine Labadie-Bretheau
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris‐Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | | | - Mohammed-Amin Madoui
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
- Service d’Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Su B, Butts IAE, Dunham RA, Wang X. Chromosome-level assembly and annotation of the blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, an aquaculture species for hybrid catfish reproduction, epigenetics, and heterosis studies. Gigascience 2022; 11:6636942. [PMID: 35809049 PMCID: PMC9270728 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blue catfish is of great value in aquaculture and recreational fisheries. The F1 hybrids of female channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) × male blue catfish (Ictalurusfurcatus) have been the primary driver of US catfish production in recent years because of superior growth, survival, and carcass yield. The channel–blue hybrid also provides an excellent model to investigate molecular mechanisms of environment-dependent heterosis. However, transcriptome and methylome studies suffered from low alignment rates to the channel catfish genome due to divergence, and the genome resources for blue catfish are not publicly available. Results The blue catfish genome assembly is 841.86 Mbp in length with excellent continuity (8.6 Mbp contig N50, 28.2 Mbp scaffold N50) and completeness (98.6% Eukaryota and 97.0% Actinopterygii BUSCO). A total of 30,971 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 21,781 were supported by RNA sequencing evidence. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that it diverged from channel catfish approximately 9 million years ago with 15.7 million fixed nucleotide differences. The within-species single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density is 0.32% between the most aquaculturally important blue catfish strains (D&B and Rio Grande). Gene family analysis discovered significant expansion of immune-related families in the blue catfish lineage, which may contribute to disease resistance in blue catfish. Conclusions We reported the first high-quality, chromosome-level assembly of the blue catfish genome, which provides the necessary genomic tool kit for transcriptome and methylome analysis, SNP discovery and marker-assisted selection, gene editing and genome engineering, and reproductive enhancement of the blue catfish and hybrid catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Baofeng Su
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ian A E Butts
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xiong X, Appel AG, Zhang C, Wang X. Profiles of telomeric repeats in Insecta reveal diverse forms of telomeric motifs in Hymenopterans. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101163. [PMID: 35365574 PMCID: PMC8977481 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres consist of highly conserved simple tandem telomeric repeat motif (TRM): (TTAGG)n in arthropods, (TTAGGG)n in vertebrates, and (TTTAGGG)n in most plants. TRM can be detected from chromosome-level assembly, which typically requires long-read sequencing data. To take advantage of short-read data, we developed an ultra-fast Telomeric Repeats Identification Pipeline and evaluated its performance on 91 species. With proven accuracy, we applied Telomeric Repeats Identification Pipeline in 129 insect species, using 7 Tbp of short-read sequences. We confirmed (TTAGG)n as the TRM in 19 orders, suggesting it is the ancestral form in insects. Systematic profiling in Hymenopterans revealed a diverse range of TRMs, including the canonical 5-bp TTAGG (bees, ants, and basal sawflies), three independent losses of tandem repeat form TRM (Ichneumonoids, hunting wasps, and gall-forming wasps), and most interestingly, a common 8-bp (TTATTGGG)n in Chalcid wasps with two 9-bp variants in the miniature wasp (TTACTTGGG) and fig wasps (TTATTGGGG). Our results identified extraordinary evolutionary fluidity of Hymenopteran TRMs, and rapid evolution of TRM and repeat abundance at all evolutionary scales, providing novel insights into telomere evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhou
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Auburn University Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Auburn University Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Arthur G Appel
- Auburn University Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Auburn University Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, AL, USA.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiong X, Kelkar YD, Geden CJ, Zhang C, Wang Y, Jongepier E, Martinson EO, Verhulst EC, Gadau J, Werren JH, Wang X. Long-Read Assembly and Annotation of the Parasitoid Wasp Muscidifurax raptorellus, a Biological Control Agent for Filth Flies. Front Genet 2021; 12:748135. [PMID: 34868218 PMCID: PMC8633841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.748135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitoid wasp Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a gregarious species that has received extensive attention for its potential in biological pest control against house fly, stable fly, and other filth flies. It has a high reproductive capacity and can be reared easily. However, genome assembly is not available for M. raptorellus or any other species in this genus. Previously, we assembled a complete circular mitochondrial genome with a length of 24,717 bp. Here, we assembled and annotated a high-quality nuclear genome of M. raptorellus, using a combination of long-read (104× genome coverage) and short-read (326× genome coverage) sequencing technologies. The assembled genome size is 314 Mbp in 226 contigs, with a 97.9% BUSCO completeness score and a contig N50 of 4.67 Mb, suggesting excellent continuity of this assembly. Our assembly builds the foundation for comparative and evolutionary genomic analysis in the genus of Muscidifurax and possible future biocontrol applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yogeshwar D Kelkar
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chris J Geden
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Jongepier
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen O Martinson
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Eveline C Verhulst
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Gadau
- Institute for Evolution & Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Center for Advanced Science, Innovation and Commerce, Auburn, AL, United States.,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Genomes of Gut Bacteria from Nasonia Wasps Shed Light on Phylosymbiosis and Microbe-Assisted Hybrid Breakdown. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e01342-20. [PMID: 33824199 PMCID: PMC8547009 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01342-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylosymbiosis is a cross-system trend whereby microbial community relationships recapitulate the host phylogeny. In Nasonia parasitoid wasps, phylosymbiosis occurs throughout development, is distinguishable between sexes, and benefits host development and survival. Moreover, the microbiome shifts in hybrids as a rare Proteus bacterium in the microbiome becomes dominant. The larval hybrids then catastrophically succumb to bacterium-assisted lethality and reproductive isolation between the species. Two important questions for understanding phylosymbiosis and bacterium-assisted lethality in hybrids are (i) do the Nasonia bacterial genomes differ from other animal isolates and (ii) are the hybrid bacterial genomes the same as those in the parental species? Here, we report the cultivation, whole-genome sequencing, and comparative analyses of the most abundant gut bacteria in Nasonia larvae, Providencia rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis. Characterization of new isolates shows Proteus mirabilis forms a more robust biofilm than Providencia rettgeri and that, when grown in coculture, Proteus mirabilis significantly outcompetes Providencia rettgeri. Providencia rettgeri genomes from Nasonia are similar to each other and more divergent from pathogenic, human associates. Proteus mirabilis from Nasonia vitripennis, Nasonia giraulti, and their hybrid offspring are nearly identical and relatively distinct from human isolates. These results indicate that members of the larval gut microbiome within Nasonia are most similar to each other, and the strain of the dominant Proteus mirabilis in hybrids is resident in parental species. Holobiont interactions between shared, resident members of the wasp microbiome and the host underpin phylosymbiosis and hybrid breakdown. IMPORTANCE Animal and plant hosts often establish intimate relationships with their microbiomes. In varied environments, closely related host species share more similar microbiomes, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. When phylosymbiosis is functionally significant and beneficial, microbial transplants between host species and host hybridization can have detrimental consequences on host biology. In the Nasonia parasitoid wasp genus, which contains a phylosymbiotic gut community, both effects occur and provide evidence for selective pressures on the holobiont. Here, we show that bacterial genomes in Nasonia differ from other environments and harbor genes with unique functions that may regulate phylosymbiotic relationships. Furthermore, the bacteria in hybrids are identical to those in parental species, thus supporting a hologenomic tenet that the same members of the microbiome and the host genome impact phylosymbiosis, hybrid breakdown, and speciation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jatsch AS, Ruther J. Acetone application for administration of bioactive substances has no negative effects on longevity, fitness, and sexual communication in a parasitic wasp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245698. [PMID: 33471848 PMCID: PMC7816986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of defined amounts of bioactive substances is a perseverative problem in physiological studies on insects. Apart from feeding and injection, topical application of solutions of the chemicals is most commonly used for this purpose. The solvents used should be non-toxic and have least possible effects on the studied parameters. Acetone is widely used for administration of chemical substances to insects, but possible side-effects of acetone application on fitness and behavioral parameters have been rarely investigated. Here we study the effects of acetone application (207 nl) on fitness and sexual communication in the parasitic wasp Nasonia giraulti Darling. Application of acetone had neither negative effects on longevity nor on offspring number and offspring sex ratio of treated wasps. Treatment of females hampered courtship and mating of N. giraulti couples neither directly after application nor one day after. Male sex pheromone titers were not influenced by acetone treatment. Three application examples demonstrate that topical acetone application is capable of bringing active amounts of insect hormones, neuromodulators, and biosynthetic precursors even in tiny insects. We advocate the use of acetone as a convenient, conservative, and broadly applicable vehicle for studying the effects of bioactive substances in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Ruther
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin ZJ, Wang X, Wang J, Tan Y, Tang X, Werren JH, Zhang D, Wang X. Comparative analysis reveals the expansion of mitochondrial DNA control region containing unusually high G-C tandem repeat arrays in Nasonia vitripennis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1246-1257. [PMID: 33159940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Insect mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ranges from 14 to 19 kbp, and the size difference is attributed to the AT-rich control region. Jewel wasps have a parasitoid lifestyle, which may affect mitochondria function and evolution. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated mitochondrial genomes in Nasonia and outgroup species. Gene composition and order are conserved within Nasonia, but they differ from other parasitoids by two large inversion events that were not reported before. We observed a much higher substitution rate relative to the nuclear genome and mitochondrial introgression between N. giraulti and N. oneida, which is consistent with previous studies. Most strikingly, N. vitripennis mtDNA has an extremely long control region (7665 bp), containing twenty-nine 217 bp tandem repeats and can fold into a super-cruciform structure. In contrast to tandem repeats commonly found in other mitochondria, these high-copy repeats are highly conserved (98.7% sequence identity), much longer in length (approximately 8 Kb), extremely GC-rich (50.7%), and CpG-rich (percent CpG 19.4% vs. 1.1% in coding region), resulting in a 23 kbp mtDNA beyond the typical size range in insects. These N. vitripennis-specific mitochondrial repeats are not related to any known sequences in insect mitochondria. Their evolutionary origin and functional consequences warrant further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Jie Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31909, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States of America
| | - Xueming Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States of America
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States of America; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|