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Zeng L, Huang J, Feng P, Zhao X, Si Z, Long X, Cheng Q, Yi Y. Transcriptomic analysis of formic acid stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:34. [PMID: 34989900 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid is a representative small molecule acid in lignocellulosic hydrolysate that can inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells during alcohol fermentation. However, the mechanism of formic acid cytotoxicity remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA-Seq technology was used to study the response of S. cerevisiae to formic acid stress at the transcriptional level. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were conducted to observe the surface morphology of yeast cells. A total of 1504 genes were identified as being differentially expressed, with 797 upregulated and 707 downregulated genes. Transcriptomic analysis showed that most genes related to glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, protein degradation, the cell cycle, the MAPK signaling pathway, and redox regulation were significantly induced under formic acid stress and were involved in protein translation and synthesis amino acid synthesis genes were significantly suppressed. Formic acid stress can induce oxidative stress, inhibit protein biosynthesis, cause cells to undergo autophagy, and activate the intracellular metabolic pathways of energy production. The increase of glycogen and the decrease of energy consumption metabolism may be important in the adaptation of S. cerevisiae to formic acid. In addition, formic acid can also induce sexual reproduction and spore formation. This study through transcriptome analysis has preliminarily reveal the molecular response mechanism of S. cerevisiae to formic acid stress and has provided a basis for further research on methods used to improve the tolerance to cell inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Zeng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Jinxiang Huang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Pixue Feng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Zaiyong Si
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Xiufeng Long
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Qianwei Cheng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Yi Yi
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
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Hu P, Liu L, Ke W, Tian X, Wang L. A cyclin protein governs the infectious and sexual life cycles of Cryptococcus neoformans. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1336-1345. [PMID: 33165808 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle is a fundamental process underlying growth and development in evolutionarily diverse organisms, including fungi. In human fungal pathogens, cell cycle control generally determines their life cycles, either in the environment or during infections. Thus, cell cycle components can potentially serve as important targets for the development of antifungal strategy against fungal infections. Here, in Cryptococcus neoformans, the most common cause of fatal fungal meningitis, we show that a previously uncharacterized B-type cyclin named Cbc1 is essential for both its infectious and sexual cycles. We reveal that Cbc1 coordinates various sexual differentiation and molecular processes, including meiosis. Especially, the absence of Cbc1 abolishes formation of sexual spores in C. neoformans, which are presumed infectious particles. Cbc1 is also required for the major Cryptococcus pathogenic attributes. Virulence assessment using the murine model of cryptococcosis revealed that the cbc1 mutant is avirulent. Together, our results provide an important insight into how C. neoformans employs shared cell cycle regulation to coordinate its infectious and sexual cycles, which are considered crucial for virulence evolution and the production of infectious spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Roles of CDK and DDK in Genome Duplication and Maintenance: Meiotic Singularities. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030105. [PMID: 28335524 PMCID: PMC5368709 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells reproduce using two types of divisions: mitosis, which generates two daughter cells each with the same genomic content as the mother cell, and meiosis, which reduces the number of chromosomes of the parent cell by half and gives rise to four gametes. The mechanisms that promote the proper progression of the mitotic and meiotic cycles are highly conserved and controlled. They require the activities of two types of serine-threonine kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and the Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK). CDK and DDK are essential for genome duplication and maintenance in both mitotic and meiotic divisions. In this review, we aim to highlight how these kinases cooperate to orchestrate diverse processes during cellular reproduction, focusing on meiosis-specific adaptions of their regulation and functions in DNA metabolism.
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Haber JE, Braberg H, Wu Q, Alexander R, Haase J, Ryan C, Lipkin-Moore Z, Franks-Skiba KE, Johnson T, Shales M, Lenstra TL, Holstege FCP, Johnson JR, Bloom K, Krogan NJ. Systematic triple-mutant analysis uncovers functional connectivity between pathways involved in chromosome regulation. Cell Rep 2013; 3:2168-78. [PMID: 23746449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic interactions reveal the functional relationships between pairs of genes. In this study, we describe a method for the systematic generation and quantitation of triple mutants, termed triple-mutant analysis (TMA). We have used this approach to interrogate partially redundant pairs of genes in S. cerevisiae, including ASF1 and CAC1, two histone chaperones. After subjecting asf1Δ cac1Δ to TMA, we found that the Swi/Snf Rdh54 protein compensates for the absence of Asf1 and Cac1. Rdh54 more strongly associates with the chromatin apparatus and the pericentromeric region in the double mutant. Moreover, Asf1 is responsible for the synthetic lethality observed in cac1Δ strains lacking the HIRA-like proteins. A similar TMA was carried out after deleting both CLB5 and CLB6, cyclins that regulate DNA replication, revealing a strong functional connection to chromosome segregation. This approach can reveal functional redundancies that cannot be uncovered through traditional double-mutant analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Haber
- Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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