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Wang Y, Ruan L, Li R. GPI-anchored Gas1 protein regulates cytosolic proteostasis in budding yeast. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad263. [PMID: 38289859 PMCID: PMC10917523 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The decline in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a hallmark of cellular aging and aging-related diseases. Maintaining a balanced proteostasis requires a complex network of molecular machineries that govern protein synthesis, folding, localization, and degradation. Under proteotoxic stress, misfolded proteins that accumulate in cytosol can be imported into mitochondria for degradation through the "mitochondrial as guardian in cytosol" (MAGIC) pathway. Here, we report an unexpected role of Gas1, a cell wall-bound glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase in the budding yeast, in differentially regulating MAGIC and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Deletion of GAS1 inhibits MAGIC but elevates protein ubiquitination and UPS-mediated protein degradation. Interestingly, we found that the Gas1 protein exhibits mitochondrial localization attributed to its C-terminal GPI anchor signal. But this mitochondria-associated GPI anchor signal is not required for mitochondrial import and degradation of misfolded proteins through MAGIC. By contrast, catalytic inactivation of Gas1 via the gas1-E161Q mutation inhibits MAGIC but not its mitochondrial localization. These data suggest that the glucanosyltransferase activity of Gas1 is important for regulating cytosolic proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Linhao Ruan
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Wang Y, Ruan L, Li R. GPI-anchored Gas1 protein regulates cytosolic proteostasis in yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542479. [PMID: 37292646 PMCID: PMC10245992 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Decline in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a hallmark of cellular aging and aging-related diseases. Maintaining a balanced proteostasis requires a complex network of molecular machineries that govern protein synthesis, folding, localization, and degradation. Under proteotoxic stress, misfolded proteins that accumulate in cytosol can be imported into mitochondria for degradation via 'mitochondrial as guardian in cytosol' (MAGIC) pathway. Here we report an unexpected role of yeast Gas1, a cell wall-bound glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase, in differentially regulating MAGIC and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Deletion of Gas1 inhibits MAGIC but elevates polyubiquitination and UPS-mediated protein degradation. Interestingly, we found that Gas1 exhibits mitochondrial localization attributed to its C-terminal GPI anchor signal. But this mitochondria-associated GPI anchor signal is not required for mitochondrial import and degradation of misfolded proteins via MAGIC. By contrast, catalytic inactivation of Gas1 via the gas1E161Q mutation inhibits MAGIC but not its mitochondrial localization. These data suggest that the glucanosyltransferase activity of Gas1 is important for regulating cytosolic proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Linhao Ruan
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; Singapore 117411, Singapore
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GAS1 Deficient Enhances UPR Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1238581. [PMID: 31275960 PMCID: PMC6582843 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1238581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (Gas1p) plays important roles in cell wall biosynthesis and morphogenesis and has been implicated in DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation in fungi. Yeast Gas1p has also been reported to participate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. However, the precise roles and molecular mechanisms through which Gas1p affects these responses have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we constructed GAS1-deficient (gas1Δ) and GAS1-overexpressing (GAS1 OE) yeast strains and observed that the gas1Δ strain exhibited a decreased proliferation ability and a shorter replicative lifespan (RLS), as well as enhanced activity of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the absence of stress. However, under the high-tunicamycin-concentration (an ER stress-inducing agent; 1.0 μg/mL) stress, the gas1Δ yeast cells exhibited an increased proliferation ability compared with the wild-type yeast strain. In addition, our findings demonstrated that IRE1 and HAC1 (two upstream modulators of the UPR) are required for the survival of gas1Δ yeast cells under the tunicamycin stress. On the other hand, we provided evidence that the GAS1 overexpression caused an obvious sensitivity to the low-tunicamycin-concentration (0.25 μg/mL). Collectively, our results indicate that Gas1p plays an important role in the ageing and ER stress responses in yeast.
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Garapati HS, Mishra K. Comparative genomics of nuclear envelope proteins. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:823. [PMID: 30445911 PMCID: PMC6240307 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear envelope (NE) that encapsulates the nuclear genome is a double lipid bilayer with several integral and peripherally associated proteins. It is a characteristic feature of the eukaryotes and acts as a hub for a number of important nuclear events including transcription, repair, and regulated gene expression. The proteins associated with the nuclear envelope mediate the NE functions and maintain its structural integrity, which is crucial for survival. In spite of the importance of this structure, knowledge of the protein composition of the nuclear envelope and their function, are limited to very few organisms belonging to Opisthokonta and Archaeplastida supergroups. The NE composition is largely unknown in organisms outside these two supergroups. RESULTS In this study, we have taken a comparative sequence analysis approach to identify the NE proteome that is present across all five eukaryotic supergroups. We identified 22 proteins involved in various nuclear functions to be part of the core NE proteome. The presence of these proteins across eukaryotes, suggests that they are traceable to the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA). Additionally, we also identified the NE proteins that have evolved in a lineage specific manner and those that have been preserved only in a subset of organisms. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies the conserved features of the nuclear envelope across eukaryotes and provides insights into the potential composition and the functionalities that were constituents of the LECA NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hita Sony Garapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Krishnaveni Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Matsushika A, Negi K, Suzuki T, Goshima T, Hoshino T. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Issatchenkia orientalis GPI-Anchored Protein, IoGas1, Required for Resistance to Low pH and Salt Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161888. [PMID: 27589271 PMCID: PMC5010203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of yeasts tolerant to acid (low pH) and salt stress is of industrial importance for several bioproduction processes. To identify new candidate genes having potential roles in low-pH tolerance, we screened an expression genomic DNA library of a multiple-stress-tolerant yeast, Issatchenkia orientalis (Pichia kudriavzevii), for clones that allowed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to grow under highly acidic conditions (pH 2.0). A genomic DNA clone containing two putative open reading frames was obtained, of which the putative protein-coding gene comprising 1629 bp was retransformed into the host. This transformant grew significantly at pH 2.0, and at pH 2.5 in the presence of 7.5% Na2SO4. The predicted amino acid sequence of this new gene, named I. orientalis GAS1 (IoGAS1), was 60% identical to the S. cerevisiae Gas1 protein, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein essential for maintaining cell wall integrity, and 58-59% identical to Candida albicans Phr1 and Phr2, pH-responsive proteins implicated in cell wall assembly and virulence. Northern hybridization analyses indicated that, as for the C. albicans homologs, IoGAS1 expression was pH-dependent, with expression increasing with decreasing pH (from 4.0 to 2.0) of the medium. These results suggest that IoGAS1 represents a novel pH-regulated system required for the adaptation of I. orientalis to environments of diverse pH. Heterologous expression of IoGAS1 complemented the growth and morphological defects of a S. cerevisiae gas1Δ mutant, demonstrating that IoGAS1 and the corresponding S. cerevisiae gene play similar roles in cell wall biosynthesis. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that two conserved glutamate residues (E161 and E262) in the IoGas1 protein play a crucial role in yeast morphogenesis and tolerance to low pH and salt stress. Furthermore, overexpression of IoGAS1 in S. cerevisiae remarkably improved the ethanol fermentation ability at pH 2.5, and at pH 2.0 in the presence of salt (5% Na2SO4), compared to that of a reference strain. Our results strongly suggest that constitutive expression of the IoGAS1 gene in S. cerevisiae could be advantageous for several fermentation processes under these stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Matsushika
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (ISC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kanako Negi
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (ISC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (ISC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Goshima
- National Research Institute of Brewing (NRIB), Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Hoshino
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (ISC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Regulation of KAT6 Acetyltransferases and Their Roles in Cell Cycle Progression, Stem Cell Maintenance, and Human Disease. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1900-7. [PMID: 27185879 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00055-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine acetyltransferase 6 (KAT6) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes are highly conserved from yeast to higher organisms. They acetylate histone H3 and other nonhistone substrates and are involved in cell cycle regulation and stem cell maintenance. In addition, the human KAT6 HATs are recurrently mutated in leukemia and solid tumors. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the regulation of KAT6 HATs and their roles in cell cycle progression. In this minireview, we summarize the identification and analysis of the KAT6 complexes and discuss the regulatory mechanisms governing their enzymatic activities and substrate specificities. We further focus on the roles of KAT6 HATs in regulating cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance and review recent insights that aid in understanding their involvement in human diseases.
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Penfold CA, Millar JBA, Wild DL. Inferring orthologous gene regulatory networks using interspecies data fusion. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:i97-105. [PMID: 26072515 PMCID: PMC4765882 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: The ability to jointly learn gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in, or leverage GRNs between related species would allow the vast amount of legacy data obtained in model organisms to inform the GRNs of more complex, or economically or medically relevant counterparts. Examples include transferring information from Arabidopsis thaliana into related crop species for food security purposes, or from mice into humans for medical applications. Here we develop two related Bayesian approaches to network inference that allow GRNs to be jointly inferred in, or leveraged between, several related species: in one framework, network information is directly propagated between species; in the second hierarchical approach, network information is propagated via an unobserved ‘hypernetwork’. In both frameworks, information about network similarity is captured via graph kernels, with the networks additionally informed by species-specific time series gene expression data, when available, using Gaussian processes to model the dynamics of gene expression. Results: Results on in silico benchmarks demonstrate that joint inference, and leveraging of known networks between species, offers better accuracy than standalone inference. The direct propagation of network information via the non-hierarchical framework is more appropriate when there are relatively few species, while the hierarchical approach is better suited when there are many species. Both methods are robust to small amounts of mislabelling of orthologues. Finally, the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae data and networks to inform inference of networks in the budding yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe predicts a novel role in cell cycle regulation for Gas1 (SPAC19B12.02c), a 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase. Availability and implementation: MATLAB code is available from http://go.warwick.ac.uk/systemsbiology/software/. Contact:d.l.wild@warwick.ac.uk Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Penfold
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan B A Millar
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David L Wild
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Pais P, Costa C, Pires C, Shimizu K, Chibana H, Teixeira MC. Membrane Proteome-Wide Response to the Antifungal Drug Clotrimazole in Candida glabrata: Role of the Transcription Factor CgPdr1 and the Drug:H+ Antiporters CgTpo1_1 and CgTpo1_2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:57-72. [PMID: 26512119 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoles are widely used antifungal drugs. This family of compounds includes triazoles, mostly used in the treatment of systemic infections, and imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, often used in the case of superficial infections. Candida glabrata is the second most common cause of candidemia worldwide and presents higher levels of intrinsic azole resistance when compared with Candida albicans, thus being an interesting subject for the study of azole resistance mechanisms in fungal pathogens.Since resistance often relies on the action of membrane transporters, including drug efflux pumps from the ATP-binding cassette family or from the Drug:H(+) antiporter (DHA)(1) family, an iTRAQ-based membrane proteomics analysis was performed to identify all the membrane-associated proteins whose abundance changes in C. glabrata cells exposed to the azole drug clotrimazole. Proteins found to have significant expression changes in this context were clustered into functional groups, namely: glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial import, ribosome components and translation machinery, lipid metabolism, multidrug resistance transporters, cell wall assembly, and stress response, comprising a total of 37 proteins. Among these, the DHA transporter CgTpo1_2 (ORF CAGL0E03674g) was identified as overexpressed in the C. glabrata membrane in response to clotrimazole. Functional characterization of this putative drug:H(+) antiporter, and of its homolog CgTpo1_1 (ORF CAGL0G03927g), allowed the identification of these proteins as localized to the plasma membrane and conferring azole drug resistance in this fungal pathogen by actively extruding the drug to the external medium. The cell wall protein CgGas1 was also shown to confer azole drug resistance through cell wall remodeling. Finally, the transcription factor CgPdr1 in the clotrimazole response was observed to control the expression of 20 of the identified proteins, thus highlighting the existence of additional unforeseen targets of this transcription factor, recognized as a major regulator of azole drug resistance in clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pais
- From the ‡Department of Bioengineering and §IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Costa
- From the ‡Department of Bioengineering and §IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Pires
- From the ‡Department of Bioengineering and §IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- ¶Medical Mycology Research Center (MMRC), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- ¶Medical Mycology Research Center (MMRC), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miguel C Teixeira
- From the ‡Department of Bioengineering and §IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;
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Vicente-Muñoz S, Romero P, Magraner-Pardo L, Martinez-Jimenez CP, Tordera V, Pamblanco M. Comprehensive analysis of interacting proteins and genome-wide location studies of the Sas3-dependent NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:996-1006. [PMID: 25473596 PMCID: PMC4248121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterise Sas3p and Gcn5p active HAT complexes in WT and deleted TAP-strains. We confirm that Pdp3p interacts with NuA3, histones and chromatin regulators. Pdp3p MS-analysis reveals its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and methylation. Sas3p can substitute Gcn5p in acetylation of histone H3K14 but not of H3K9. Genome-wide profiling of Sas3p supports its involvement in transcriptional elongation.
Histone acetylation affects several aspects of gene regulation, from chromatin remodelling to gene expression, by modulating the interplay between chromatin and key transcriptional regulators. The exact molecular mechanism underlying acetylation patterns and crosstalk with other epigenetic modifications requires further investigation. In budding yeast, these epigenetic markers are produced partly by histone acetyltransferase enzymes, which act as multi-protein complexes. The Sas3-dependent NuA3 complex has received less attention than other histone acetyltransferases (HAT), such as Gcn5-dependent complexes. Here, we report our analysis of Sas3p-interacting proteins using tandem affinity purification (TAP), coupled with mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed Pdp3p, a recently described component of NuA3, to be one of the most abundant Sas3p-interacting proteins. The PDP3 gene, was TAP-tagged and protein complex purification confirmed that Pdp3p co-purified with the NuA3 protein complex, histones, and several transcription-related and chromatin remodelling proteins. Our results also revealed that the protein complexes associated with Sas3p presented HAT activity even in the absence of Gcn5p and vice versa. We also provide evidence that Sas3p cannot substitute Gcn5p in acetylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy of Sas3p using ChIP-on-chip tiled microarrays showed that Sas3p was located preferentially within the 5′-half of the coding regions of target genes, indicating its probable involvement in the transcriptional elongation process. Hence, this work further characterises the function and regulation of the NuA3 complex by identifying novel post-translational modifications in Pdp3p, additional Pdp3p-co-purifying chromatin regulatory proteins involved in chromatin-modifying complex dynamics and gene regulation, and a subset of genes whose transcriptional elongation is controlled by this complex.
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Key Words
- ChIP-on-chip
- ChIP-on-chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation with genome-wide location arrays
- Chromatin
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- Histones
- NuA3, nucleosomal acetyltransferase of histone H3
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Pdp3
- RNAPII, RNA polymerase II
- SAGA, Spt-Ada-Gcn acetyltransferase
- TAP, tandem affinity purification
- TAP–MS strategy
- TSS, transcription start site
- WCE, whole cell extract
- WT, wild-type
- Yeast
- nt, nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 València, Spain
| | - Paco Romero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lorena Magraner-Pardo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Celia P Martinez-Jimenez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Vicente Tordera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Mercè Pamblanco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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