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Carpenter BS, Scott A, Goldin R, Chavez SR, Rodriguez JD, Myrick DA, Curlee M, Schmeichel KL, Katz DJ. SPR-1/CoREST facilitates the maternal epigenetic reprogramming of the histone demethylase SPR-5/LSD1. Genetics 2023; 223:6992629. [PMID: 36655746 PMCID: PMC9991509 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal reprogramming of histone methylation is critical for reestablishing totipotency in the zygote, but how histone-modifying enzymes are regulated during maternal reprogramming is not well characterized. To address this gap, we asked whether maternal reprogramming by the H3K4me1/2 demethylase SPR-5/LSD1/KDM1A, is regulated by the chromatin co-repressor protein, SPR-1/CoREST, in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. In C. elegans, SPR-5 functions as part of a reprogramming switch together with the H3K9 methyltransferase MET-2. By examining germline development, fertility, and gene expression in double mutants between spr-1 and met-2, as well as fertility in double mutants between spr-1 and spr-5, we find that loss of SPR-1 results in a partial loss of SPR-5 maternal reprogramming function. In mice, we generated a separation of function Lsd1 M448V point mutation that compromises CoREST binding, but only slightly affects LSD1 demethylase activity. When maternal LSD1 in the oocyte is derived exclusively from this allele, the progeny phenocopy the increased perinatal lethality that we previously observed when LSD1 was reduced maternally. Together, these data are consistent with CoREST having a conserved function in facilitating maternal LSD1 epigenetic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Carpenter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Alyssa Scott
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert Goldin
- Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sindy R Chavez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juan D Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dexter A Myrick
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marcus Curlee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karen L Schmeichel
- Natural Sciences Division, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, GA 30319, USA
| | - David J Katz
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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2
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Gospodinov A, Dzhokova S, Petrova M, Ugrinova I. Chromatin regulators in DNA replication and genome stability maintenance during S-phase. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:243-280. [PMID: 37061334 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The duplication of genetic information is central to life. The replication of genetic information is strictly controlled to ensure that each piece of genomic DNA is copied only once during a cell cycle. Factors that slow or stop replication forks cause replication stress. Replication stress is a major source of genome instability in cancer cells. Multiple control mechanisms facilitate the unimpeded fork progression, prevent fork collapse and coordinate fork repair. Chromatin alterations, caused by histone post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling, have critical roles in normal replication and in avoiding replication stress and its consequences. This text reviews the chromatin regulators that ensure DNA replication and the proper response to replication stress. We also briefly touch on exploiting replication stress in therapeutic strategies. As chromatin regulators are frequently mutated in cancer, manipulating their activity could provide many possibilities for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Gospodinov
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Stefka Dzhokova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Petrova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Ugrinova
- Roumen Tsanev Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Mechanisms of germ cell survival and plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1517-1526. [PMID: 36196981 PMCID: PMC9704514 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animals constantly encounter environmental and physiological stressors that threaten survival and fertility. Somatic stress responses and germ cell arrest/repair mechanisms are employed to withstand such challenges. The Caenorhabditis elegans germline combats stress by initiating mitotic germ cell quiescence to preserve genome integrity, and by removing meiotic germ cells to prevent inheritance of damaged DNA or to tolerate lack of germline nutrient supply. Here, we review examples of germline recovery from distinct stressors - acute starvation and defective splicing - where quiescent mitotic germ cells resume proliferation to repopulate a germ line following apoptotic removal of meiotic germ cells. These protective mechanisms reveal the plastic nature of germline stem cells.
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Gahan JM, Leclère L, Hernandez-Valladares M, Rentzsch F. A developmental role for the chromatin-regulating CoREST complex in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:184. [PMID: 35999597 PMCID: PMC9400249 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromatin-modifying proteins are key players in the regulation of development and cell differentiation in animals. Most chromatin modifiers, however, predate the evolution of animal multicellularity, and how they gained new functions and became integrated into the regulatory networks underlying development is unclear. One way this may occur is the evolution of new scaffolding proteins that integrate multiple chromatin regulators into larger complexes that facilitate coordinated deposition or removal of different chromatin modifications. We test this hypothesis by analyzing the evolution of the CoREST-Lsd1-HDAC complex. Results Using phylogenetic analyses, we show that a bona fide CoREST homolog is found only in choanoflagellates and animals. We then use the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as a model for early branching metazoans and identify a conserved CoREST complex by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry of an endogenously tagged Lsd1 allele. In addition to CoREST, Lsd1 and HDAC1/2 this complex contains homologs of HMG20A/B and PHF21A, two subunits that have previously only been identified in mammalian CoREST complexes. NvCoREST expression overlaps fully with that of NvLsd1 throughout development, with higher levels in differentiated neural cells. NvCoREST mutants, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, fail to develop beyond the primary polyp stage, thereby revealing essential roles during development and for the differentiation of cnidocytes that phenocopy NvLsd1 mutants. We also show that this requirement is cell autonomous using a cell-type-specific rescue approach. Conclusions The identification of a Nematostella CoREST-Lsd1-HDAC1/2 complex, its similarity in composition with the vertebrate complex, and the near-identical expression patterns and mutant phenotypes of NvCoREST and NvLsd1 suggest that the complex was present before the last common cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor and thus represents an ancient component of the animal developmental toolkit.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01385-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gahan
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Lucas Leclère
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-Sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabian Rentzsch
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway. .,Department for Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Ren X, Tian S, Meng Q, Kim HM. Histone Demethylase AMX-1 Regulates Fertility in a p53/CEP-1 Dependent Manner. Front Genet 2022; 13:929716. [PMID: 35846143 PMCID: PMC9280695 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation shapes the epigenetic configuration and adjusts multiple fundamental nuclear processes, including transcription, cell cycle control and DNA repair. The absence of histone demethylase LSD1/SPR-5 leads to progressive fertility defects as well as a reduction in brood size. Similarly, C. elegans LSD2 homolog AMX-1 has been implicated in regulating H3K4me2 and maintaining interstrand crosslinks (ICL) susceptibility. However, the mechanisms of how lack of AMX-1 induces sterility have not been addressed so far. This study investigated the histone demethylase AMX-1 in C. elegans and uncovered how amx-1 contributes to sterility in a p53/CEP-1 dependent manner. We show that while sterility in spr-5 mutants exhibited progressive over generations, amx-1 mutants displayed non-transgenerational fertility defects. Also, amx-1 mutants exhibited a reduced number of sperms and produced low brood size (LBS) or sterile worms that retain neither sperms nor germline nuclei, suggesting that fertility defects originated from germline development failure. Surprisingly, sterility exhibited in amx-1 was mediated by p53/CEP-1 function. Consistent with this result, upregulation of Piwi expression in amx-1 mutants suggested that AMX-1 is essential for germline development by regulating Piwi gene expressions. We propose that AMX-1 is required for proper Piwi expression and transposon silencing in a p53/CEP-1 dependent manner; thus, the absence of AMX-1 expression leads to defective meiotic development and sterility. This study elucidates how LSD2/AMX-1 contributes to sterility, therefore, expanding the boundaries of histone demethylase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sisi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghao Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hyun-Min Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- *Correspondence: Hyun-Min Kim,
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6
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Song H, Shen R, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Guo Z, Wang D. Histone post-translational modification and the DNA damage response. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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7
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Gueiderikh A, Maczkowiak-Chartois F, Rosselli F. A new frontier in Fanconi anemia: From DNA repair to ribosome biogenesis. Blood Rev 2021; 52:100904. [PMID: 34750031 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Described by Guido Fanconi almost 100 years ago, Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer predisposition. The proteins encoded by FA-mutated genes (FANC proteins) and assembled in the so-called FANC/BRCA pathway have key functions in DNA repair and replication safeguarding, which loss leads to chromosome structural aberrancies. Therefore, since the 1980s, FA has been considered a genomic instability and chromosome fragility syndrome. However, recent findings have demonstrated new and unexpected roles of FANC proteins in nucleolar homeostasis and ribosome biogenesis, the alteration of which impacts cellular proteostasis. Here, we review the different cellular, biochemical and molecular anomalies associated with the loss of function of FANC proteins and discuss how these anomalies contribute to BMF by comparing FA to other major inherited BMF syndromes. Our aim is to determine the extent to which alterations in the DNA damage response in FA contribute to BMF compared to the consequences of the loss of function of the FANC/BRCA pathway on the other roles of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gueiderikh
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Frédérique Maczkowiak-Chartois
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
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8
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Zhang X, Tian S, Beese-Sims SE, Chen J, Shin N, Colaiácovo MP, Kim HM. Histone demethylase AMX-1 is necessary for proper sensitivity to interstrand crosslink DNA damage. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009715. [PMID: 34329293 PMCID: PMC8357103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is dynamically regulated to shape the epigenome and adjust central nuclear processes including transcription, cell cycle control and DNA repair. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 2 (LSD2) has been implicated in multiple types of human cancers. However, its functions remain poorly understood. This study investigated the histone demethylase LSD2 homolog AMX-1 in C. elegans and uncovered a potential link between H3K4me2 modulation and DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. AMX-1 is a histone demethylase and mainly localizes to embryonic cells, the mitotic gut and sheath cells. Lack of AMX-1 expression resulted in embryonic lethality, a decreased brood size and disorganized premeiotic tip germline nuclei. Expression of AMX-1 and of the histone H3K4 demethylase SPR-5 is reciprocally up-regulated upon lack of each other and the mutants show increased H3K4me2 levels in the germline, indicating that AMX-1 and SPR-5 regulate H3K4me2 demethylation. Loss of AMX-1 function activates the CHK-1 kinase acting downstream of ATR and leads to the accumulation of RAD-51 foci and increased DNA damage-dependent apoptosis in the germline. AMX-1 is required for the proper expression of mismatch repair component MutL/MLH-1 and sensitivity against ICLs. Interestingly, formation of ICLs lead to ubiquitination-dependent subcellular relocalization of AMX-1. Taken together, our data suggest that AMX-1 functions in ICL repair in the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sisi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sara E. Beese-Sims
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jingjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Monica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Min Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Gartner A, Engebrecht J. DNA repair, recombination, and damage signaling. Genetics 2021; 220:6522877. [PMID: 35137093 PMCID: PMC9097270 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA must be accurately copied and propagated from one cell division to the next, and from one generation to the next. To ensure the faithful transmission of the genome, a plethora of distinct as well as overlapping DNA repair and recombination pathways have evolved. These pathways repair a large variety of lesions, including alterations to single nucleotides and DNA single and double-strand breaks, that are generated as a consequence of normal cellular function or by external DNA damaging agents. In addition to the proteins that mediate DNA repair, checkpoint pathways have also evolved to monitor the genome and coordinate the action of various repair pathways. Checkpoints facilitate repair by mediating a transient cell cycle arrest, or through initiation of cell suicide if DNA damage has overwhelmed repair capacity. In this chapter, we describe the attributes of Caenorhabditis elegans that facilitate analyses of DNA repair, recombination, and checkpoint signaling in the context of a whole animal. We review the current knowledge of C. elegans DNA repair, recombination, and DNA damage response pathways, and their role during development, growth, and in the germ line. We also discuss how the analysis of mutational signatures in C. elegans is helping to inform cancer mutational signatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gartner
- Department for Biological Sciences, IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Corresponding author: (A.G.); (J.E.)
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10
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Kim HM, Tian S, Wang S. An affordable plasmid miniprep suitable for proficient microinjection in Caenorhabditis elegans. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:350. [PMID: 32728517 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, have been developed to produce genetically modified cell lines and animal models. In many cases, the success of the genome-editing techniques is dependent on the quality of the introduced DNA. However, the preparation of high-quality plasmids required for small-scale microinjection has not been explored. Here, we compared various types of plasmid preparation methods for their microinjection proficiency and developed an efficient and affordable plasmid mini preparation method suitable for Caenorhabditis elegans microinjection. By combining the advantages of Triton X-114 and column-based mini preparation (hence, we named it TXC), the new TXC method was affordable, efficient, and equivalent to expensive plasmid midiprep method based on microinjection efficiency. Besides, TXC was compatible with general molecular biology grade reactions and worked proficiently for different types of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Sisi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Shouyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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11
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Hou H, Li D, Gao J, Gao L, Lu Q, Hu Y, Wu S, Chu X, Yao Y, Wan L, Ling J, Pan J, Xu G, Hu S. Proteomic profiling and bioinformatics analysis identify key regulators during the process from fanconi anemia to acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1415-1427. [PMID: 32355551 PMCID: PMC7191167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a congenital aplastic anemia, characterized as congenital bone marrow failure, developmental malformation, and the malignant tendency, which may develop into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few studies have been conducted on the progression from FA to AML. In this study, we used proteomic profiling, together with bioinformatics analyses, to explore the molecular mechanisms by which FA progresses to AML. Quantitative proteomic analyses of bone marrow samples identified 168 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 7 upregulated proteins and 161 downregulated proteins in the bone marrow of the FA patient compared with the healthy people. The upregulated proteins were enriched in response to stress, oxygen transport, and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. The downregulated proteins were enriched in myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity, response to interleukin-12, platelet degranulation and regulation of ATPase activity. Based on these results, we discovered 155 DEPs (142 upregulated and 13 downregulated) in the bone marrow samples between FA and AML patients, of which HIST1H1D, HIST1H3A, PSME1 and THRAP3 may play important roles in the progression of FA to AML and may be used as markers for AML early diagnosis. Finally, cell-line based experiments confirmed that PSME1 had an important effect on the proliferation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
- Inner Mongolia People’s HospitalHohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinran Chu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
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12
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In vivo analysis of FANCD2 recruitment at meiotic DNA breaks in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 31919410 PMCID: PMC6952437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia is a rare genetic disease associated with DNA repair defects, congenital abnormalities and infertility. Most of FA pathway is evolutionary conserved, allowing dissection and mechanistic studies in simpler model systems such as Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, we employed C. elegans to better understand the role of FA group D2 (FANCD2) protein in vivo, a key player in promoting genome stability. We report that localization of FCD-2/FANCD2 is dynamic during meiotic prophase I and requires its heterodimeric partner FNCI-1/FANCI. Strikingly, we found that FCD-2 recruitment depends on SPO-11-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) but not RAD-51-mediated strand invasion. Furthermore, exposure to DNA damage-inducing agents boosts FCD-2 recruitment on the chromatin. Finally, analysis of genetic interaction between FCD-2 and BRC-1 (the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian BRCA1) supports a role for these proteins in different DSB repair pathways. Collectively, we showed a direct involvement of FCD-2 at DSBs and speculate on its function in driving meiotic DNA repair.
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13
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Kim HM, Colaiácovo MP. CRISPR-Cas9-Guided Genome Engineering in Caenorhabditis elegans. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 129:e106. [PMID: 31763794 PMCID: PMC6905509 DOI: 10.1002/cpmb.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein) system is being used successfully for efficient and targeted genome editing in various organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Recent studies have developed a variety of CRISPR-Cas9 approaches to enhance genome engineering via two major DNA double-strand break repair pathways: nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination. Here, we describe a protocol for Cas9-mediated C. elegans genome editing together with single guide RNA (sgRNA) and repair template cloning (canonical marker-free and cassette selection methods), as well as injection methods required for delivering Cas9, sgRNAs, and repair template DNA into the germline. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Guide RNA preparation Alternate Protocol 1: sgRNA cloning using fusion PCR Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of a repair template for homologous recombination Alternate Protocol 2: Preparation of repair template donors for the cassette selection method Basic Protocol 3: Injecting animals Basic Protocol 4: Screening transgenic worms with marker-free method Alternate Protocol 3: Screening transgenic worms with cassette selection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Kim
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China 300072
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