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Korfmann K, Temple-Boyer M, Sellinger T, Tellier A. Determinants of rapid adaptation in species with large variance in offspring production. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e16982. [PMID: 37199145 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The speed of population adaptation to changing biotic and abiotic environments is determined by the interaction between genetic drift, positive selection and linkage effects. Many marine species (fish, crustaceans), invertebrates and pathogens of humans and crops, exhibit sweepstakes reproduction characterized by the production of a very large amount of offspring (fecundity phase) from which only a small fraction may survive to the next generation (viability phase). Using stochastic simulations, we investigate whether the occurrence of sweepstakes reproduction affects the efficiency of a positively selected unlinked locus, and thus, the speed of adaptation since fecundity and/or viability have distinguishable consequences on mutation rate, probability and fixation time of advantageous alleles. We observe that the mean number of mutations at the next generation is always the function of the population size, but the variance increases with stronger sweepstakes reproduction when mutations occur in the parents. On the one hand, stronger sweepstakes reproduction magnifies the effect of genetic drift thus increasing the probability of fixation of neutral allele and decreasing that of selected alleles. On the other hand, the time to fixation of advantageous (as well as neutral) alleles is shortened by stronger sweepstakes reproduction. Importantly, fecundity and viability selection exhibit different probabilities and times to fixation of advantageous alleles under intermediate and weak sweepstakes reproduction. Finally, alleles under both strong fecundity and viability selection display a synergistic efficiency of selection. We conclude that measuring and modelling accurately fecundity and/or viability selection are crucial to predict the adaptive potential of species with sweepstakes reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Korfmann
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marie Temple-Boyer
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thibaut Sellinger
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Aurélien Tellier
- Professorship for Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Tellier A, Hodgins K, Stephan W, Stukenbrock E. Rapid evolutionary adaptation: Potential and constraints. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17350. [PMID: 38591817 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Tellier
- Population Genetics, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kathryn Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Stephan
- Natural History Museum Berlin and University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Stukenbrock
- Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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Kaushik S. Effect of beneficial sweeps and background selection on genetic diversity in changing environments. J Theor Biol 2023; 562:111431. [PMID: 36754344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutral theory predicts that the genetic diversity within a population is proportional to the effective population size. In contrast, the observed genetic diversity for various species vary in a narrow range for several orders of magnitude change in the population sizes (Lewontin's paradox). The selective sweeps and background selection, reduce the genetic variation at the linked neutral sites and have been studied considering the environment to be selectively constant. However, in a natural population, the selective environment varies with time. Here, we investigate the impact of selective sweeps and background selection on neutral genetic diversity when the selection coefficient changes periodically over time. The reduction in genetic variation due to selective sweeps is known to depend on the conditional fixation time. Here, we find that the effect of changing environment on conditional mean fixation time is most substantial for the randomly mating population than the inbreeding population with arbitrary inbreeding coefficient. We also study the effect of background selection on neutral sites when the selection coefficient of linked deleterious mutation change periodically in time. In the slowly changing environment, we find that neutral heterozygosity is significantly different, and the site frequency spectrum has a different shape than that in the static environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kaushik
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India.
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Jain K, Kaushik S. Joint effect of changing selection and demography on the site frequency spectrum. Theor Popul Biol 2022; 146:46-60. [PMID: 35809866 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The site frequency spectrum (SFS) is an important statistic that summarizes the molecular variation in a population, and is used to estimate population-genetic parameters and detect natural selection. Here, we study the SFS in a randomly mating, diploid population in which both the population size and selection coefficient vary periodically with time using a diffusion theory approach, and derive simple analytical expressions for the time-averaged SFS in slowly and rapidly changing environments. We show that for strong selection and in slowly changing environments where the population experiences both positive and negative cycles of the selection coefficient, the time-averaged SFS differs significantly from the equilibrium SFS in a constant environment. The deviation is found to depend on the time spent by the population in the deleterious part of the selection cycle and the phase difference between the selection coefficient and population size, and can be captured by an effective population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jain
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Sachin Kaushik
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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Kaushik S, Jain K. Time to fixation in changing environments. Genetics 2021; 219:6369518. [PMID: 34740251 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many experimental and theoretical studies on natural selection have been carried out in a constant environment, as natural environments typically vary in time, it is important to ask if and how the results of these investigations are affected by a changing environment. Here, we study the properties of the conditional fixation time defined as the time to fixation of a new mutant that is destined to fix in a finite, randomly mating diploid population with intermediate dominance that is evolving in a periodically changing environment. It is known that in a static environment, the conditional mean fixation time of a co-dominant beneficial mutant is equal to that of a deleterious mutant with the same magnitude of selection coefficient. We find that this symmetry is not preserved, even when the environment is changing slowly. More generally, we find that the conditional mean fixation time of an initially beneficial mutant in a slowly changing environment depends weakly on the dominance coefficient and remains close to the corresponding result in the static environment. However, for an initially deleterious mutant under moderate and slowly varying selection, the fixation time differs substantially from that in a constant environment when the mutant is recessive. As fixation times are intimately related to the levels and patterns of genetic diversity, our results suggest that for beneficial sweeps, these quantities are only mildly affected by temporal variation in environment. In contrast, environmental change is likely to impact the patterns due to recessive deleterious sweeps strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kaushik
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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Rendón-Anaya M, Wilson J, Sveinsson S, Fedorkov A, Cottrell J, Bailey MES, Ruņģis D, Lexer C, Jansson S, Robinson KM, Street NR, Ingvarsson PK. Adaptive introgression facilitate adaptation to high latitudes in European aspen (Populus tremula L.). Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5034-5050. [PMID: 34329481 PMCID: PMC8557470 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding local adaptation has become a key research area given the ongoing climate challenge and the concomitant requirement to conserve genetic resources. Perennial plants, such as forest trees, are good models to study local adaptation given their wide geographic distribution, largely outcrossing mating systems, and demographic histories. We evaluated signatures of local adaptation in European aspen (Populus tremula) across Europe by means of whole-genome resequencing of a collection of 411 individual trees. We dissected admixture patterns between aspen lineages and observed a strong genomic mosaicism in Scandinavian trees, evidencing different colonization trajectories into the peninsula from Russia, Central and Western Europe. As a consequence of the secondary contacts between populations after the last glacial maximum, we detected an adaptive introgression event in a genome region of ∼500 kb in chromosome 10, harboring a large-effect locus that has previously been shown to contribute to adaptation to the short growing seasons characteristic of Northern Scandinavia. Demographic simulations and ancestry inference suggest an Eastern origin—probably Russian—of the adaptive Nordic allele which nowadays is present in a homozygous state at the north of Scandinavia. The strength of introgression and positive selection signatures in this region is a unique feature in the genome. Furthermore, we detected signals of balancing selection, shared across regional populations, that highlight the importance of standing variation as a primary source of alleles that facilitate local adaptation. Our results, therefore, emphasize the importance of migration–selection balance underlying the genetic architecture of key adaptive quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Rendón-Anaya
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Wilson
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Aleksey Fedorkov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Joan Cottrell
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, UK
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dainis Ruņģis
- Genetic Resource Centre, Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", LV2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Christian Lexer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
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