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Tsutsui Y, Maeto K, Hamaguchi K, Isaki Y, Takami Y, Naito T, Miura K. Apomictic parthenogenesis in a parasitoid wasp Meteorus pulchricornis, uncommon in the haplodiploid order Hymenoptera. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:307-313. [PMID: 24521569 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although apomixis is the most common form of parthenogenesis in diplodiploid arthropods, it is uncommon in the haplodiploid insect order Hymenoptera. We found a new type of spontaneous apomixis in the Hymenoptera, completely lacking meiosis and the expulsion of polar bodies in egg maturation division, on the thelytokous strain of a parasitoid wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Braconidae, Euphorinae) on pest lepidopteran larvae Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae). The absence of the meiotic process was consistent with a non-segregation pattern in the offspring of heterozygous females, and no positive evidence was obtained for the induction of thelytoky by any bacterial symbionts. We discuss the conditions that enable the occurrence of such rare cases of apomictic thelytoky in the Hymenoptera, suggesting the significance of fixed heterosis caused by hybridization or polyploidization, symbiosis with bacterial agents, and occasional sex. Our finding will encourage further genetic studies on parasitoid wasps to use asexual lines more wisely for biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Maeto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Hamaguchi
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Y Isaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Y Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Naito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Miura
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
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Androgenesis: a review through the study of the selfish shellfish Corbicula spp. Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 108:581-91. [PMID: 22473310 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the asexual reproductive modes, androgenesis is probably one of the most astonishing and least studied mechanisms. In this 'paternal monopolization', the maternal nuclear genome fails to participate in zygote development and offspring are paternal nuclear clones. Obligate androgenesis is known in only a few organisms, including multiple species of clam in the genus Corbicula. Corbicula is a good system to review the evolutionary consequences of this 'all-male asexuality' because the cytological mechanisms of androgenetic reproduction have been described. In Corbicula, sperm are unreduced and, after fertilization, the maternal nuclear chromosomes are extruded as two polar bodies. Hermaphroditic lineages of Corbicula have a worldwide distribution and seem to reproduce through androgenesis, whereas their sexual relatives have restricted ranges. The invasive success of these androgenetic Corbicula lineages may be linked to their asexual mode of reproduction. We review the phenomenon of androgenesis, focusing on evolutionary perspectives, using the genus Corbicula as an exemplar system.
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D'Souza TG, Michiels NK. The Costs and Benefits of Occasional Sex: Theoretical Predictions and a Case Study. J Hered 2010; 101 Suppl 1:S34-41. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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GORELICK ROOT, CARPINONE JESSICA. Origin and maintenance of sex: the evolutionary joys of self sex. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hedtke SM, Stanger-Hall K, Baker RJ, Hillis DM. All-male asexuality: origin and maintenance of androgenesis in the Asian clam Corbicula. Evolution 2008; 62:1119-36. [PMID: 18266987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Androgenesis is a rare form of asexual male reproduction found in disparate taxa across the Tree of Life. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genes suggest that androgenesis has arisen repeatedly in the Asian clam genus Corbicula. Two of these androgenetic species have been introduced to North America. Multiple lines of genetic evidence suggest that although nuclear recombination between these two species is rare, mitochondrial genome capture is a frequent consequence of androgenetic parasitism of heterospecific eggs. Egg parasitism may also rarely result in partial nuclear genome capture between closely related species of Corbicula, which provides a mechanism for the otherwise clonal species to avoid the deleterious effects of asexuality. Egg parasitism among congeners may explain why androgenesis has been maintained in Corbicula after fixation and has not yet led to population extinction. This mechanism also provides an explanation for the apparent multiple origins of androgenesis in Corbicula as seen on the mitochondrial DNA phylogeny. We suggest that a single androgenetic lineage may have repeatedly captured mitochondrial genomes (as well as portions of nuclear genomes) from various sexual species, resulting in several distinct androgenetic species with distantly related mtDNA genomes and divergent morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Hedtke
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Bogart JP, Bi K, Fu J, Noble DWA, Niedzwiecki J. Unisexual salamanders (genus Ambystoma) present a new reproductive mode for eukaryotes. Genome 2007; 50:119-36. [PMID: 17546077 DOI: 10.1139/g06-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To persist, unisexual and asexual eukaryotes must have reproductive modes that circumvent normal bisexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, and hybridogenesis are the modes that have generally been ascribed to various unisexuals. Unisexual Ambystoma are abundant around the Great Lakes region of North America, and have variously been described as having all 3 reproductive modes. Diploid and polyploid unisexuals have nuclear genomes that combine the haploid genomes of 2 to 4 distinct sexual species, but the mtDNA is unlike any of those 4 species and is similar to another species, Ambystoma barbouri. To obtain better resolution of the reproductive mode used by unisexual Ambystoma and to explore the relationship of A. barbouri to the unisexuals, we sequenced the mitochondrial control and highly variable intergenic spacer region of 48 ambystomatids, which included 28 unisexuals, representatives of the 4 sexual species and A. barbouri. The unisexuals have similar sequences over most of their range, and form a close sister group to A. barbouri, with an estimated time of divergence of 2.4-3.9 million years ago. Individuals from the Lake Erie Islands (Kelleys, Pelee, North Bass) have a haplotype that demonstrates an isolation event. We examined highly variable microsatellite loci, and found that the genetic makeup of the unisexuals is highly variable and that unisexual individuals share microsatellite alleles with sexual individuals within populations. Although many progeny from the same female had the same genotype for 5 microsatellite DNA loci, there was no indication that any particular genome is consistently inherited in a clonal fashion in a population. The reproductive mode used by unisexual Ambystoma appears to be unique; we suggest kleptogenesis as a new unisexual reproductive mode that is used by these salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bogart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Small but smart: the interaction between environmental cues and internal state modulates host-patch exploitation in a parasitic wasp. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-007-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Foucaud J, Jourdan H, Breton JL, Loiseau A, Konghouleux D, Estoup A. RARE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EVENTS IN THE CLONAL REPRODUCTION SYSTEM OF INTRODUCED POPULATIONS OF THE LITTLE FIRE ANT. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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D'Souza TG, Schulte RD, Schulenburg H, Michiels NK. Paternal inheritance in parthenogenetic forms of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Heredity (Edinb) 2006; 97:97-101. [PMID: 16721392 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenesis usually includes clonal inheritance, which is thought to increase the risk of the clonal populations' extinction. Yet many parthenogenetic organisms appear to have survived for extended periods. A possible explanation is that parthenogens occasionally reproduce through sex-like processes. Although there is indirect evidence for occasional sex, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. In the present study, we examined sex-like processes in the planarian flatworm Schmidtea (Dugesia) polychroa. Parthenogenetic forms of this species are simultaneous hermaphrodites that require sperm to trigger embryogenesis, whereas paternal genetic material is usually excluded from the oocyte (sperm-dependent parthenogenesis). Based on a comparison of parents and offspring, using highly polymorphic microsatellites, we demonstrate the incorporation of paternal alleles in about 5% of the offspring. We detected two distinct processes: chromosome addition and chromosome displacement. Such rare sexual processes may explain the long-term persistence of the many purely parthenogenetic populations of S. polychroa in northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G D'Souza
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tuebingen D-72076, Germany.
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Amat I, Castelo M, Desouhant E, Bernstein C. The influence of temperature and host availability on the host exploitation strategies of sexual and asexual parasitic wasps of the same species. Oecologia 2006; 148:153-61. [PMID: 16421757 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the hymenopteran parasitoid Venturia canescens, asexual (obligate thelytoky not induced by Wolbachia bacteria) and sexual (arrhenotokous) wasps coexist in field conditions despite the demographic cost incurred due to the production of males by sexual females. Arrhenotoky predominates in field conditions, whereas populations in indoor conditions (mills, granaries) are exclusively thelytokous. These differences in the relative abundance of the two modes of reproduction between environments suggest that the individuals of each reproductive mode may have developed strategies adapted to the conditions prevailing in each kind of habitat. The two environments contrast in temperature variability and in the spatial heterogeneity of host availability. In this study, we considered the combined effect of temperature and host availability on host patch exploitation by thelytokous and arrhenotokous V. canescens. As expected, arrhenotokous females were more sensitive to temperature changes. If the temperature decreased before foraging, they remained longer and exploited patches more thoroughly. This is consistent with the expected behaviour of parasitoids in response to signs of unfavourable conditions that entail increasing risk of time limitation or a reduced probability of attaining further patches. Both arrhenotokous and thelytokous females increased patch exploitation with host availability. However, unexpectedly, we found no difference in the way the two types of wasp responded to differences in host availability. Differences in the strategies adopted under different environmental conditions may indicate divergence of niche-specific life history traits between the two modes of reproduction. Niche displacement may partly account for the coexistence of these two modes of reproduction at a geographical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Amat
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard 11 novembre, 69622, Villeubanne Cedex, France.
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Foucaud J, Jourdan H, Le Breton J, Loiseau A, Konghouleux D, Estoup A. RARE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EVENTS IN THE CLONAL REPRODUCTION SYSTEM OF INTRODUCED POPULATIONS OF THE LITTLE FIRE ANT. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/06-099.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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