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Mookerjee‐Basu J, Hooper R, Gross S, Schultz B, Go CK, Samakai E, Ladner J, Nicolas E, Tian Y, Zhou B, Zaidi MR, Tourtellotte W, He S, Zhang Y, Kappes DJ, Soboloff J. Suppression of Ca 2+ signals by EGR4 controls Th1 differentiation and anti-cancer immunity in vivo. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48904. [PMID: 32212315 PMCID: PMC7202224 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the zinc finger transcription factors EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 are recognized as critical for T-cell function, the role of EGR4 remains unstudied. Here, we show that EGR4 is rapidly upregulated upon TCR engagement, serving as a critical "brake" on T-cell activation. Hence, TCR engagement of EGR4-/- T cells leads to enhanced Ca2+ responses, driving sustained NFAT activation and hyperproliferation. This causes profound increases in IFNγ production under resting and diverse polarizing conditions that could be reversed by pharmacological attenuation of Ca2+ entry. Finally, an in vivo melanoma lung colonization assay reveals enhanced anti-tumor immunity in EGR4-/- mice, attributable to Th1 bias, Treg loss, and increased CTL generation in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these observations reveal for the first time that EGR4 is a key regulator of T-cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hooper
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bryant Schultz
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Christina K Go
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Elsie Samakai
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Warren Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCedars Sinai Medical CenterWest HollywoodCAUSA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of ImmunologyTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular BiologyPhiladelphiaPAUSA,Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular BiochemistryTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Abstract
Prostaglandins are ubiquitous signaling molecules in the body that produce autocrine/paracrine effects on target cells in response to mechanical or chemical signals. In the heart, long-term exposure to prostaglandin (PG) F2α has been linked to the development of hypertrophy; however, there is no consensus on the acute effect of PGF2α. Our aim was to determine the response to exogenous PGF2α in isolated trabeculae from rat hearts. PGF2α (1 μM) increased both the Ca transients and the isometric stress in trabeculae, reaching steady state after 10-15 minutes, without altering the time course of Ca transient decay. The precursor of PGF2α, arachidonic acid, also stimulated a similar response. The positive inotropic effect of PGF2α was mediated through a protein kinase C signaling pathway that involved activation of the sarcolemmal Na/H exchanger. We also found that the slow force response to stretch was attenuated in the presence of PGF2α and by addition of indomethacin, a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis. In conclusion, PGF2α was positively inotropic when acutely applied to trabeculae and contributed to the increased Ca transients during the slow force response to stretch. Together, these data suggest that PGF2α is important in maintaining homeostasis during volume loading in healthy hearts.
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Stamatakis K, Jimenez-Martinez M, Jimenez-Segovia A, Chico-Calero I, Conde E, Galán-Martínez J, Ruiz J, Pascual A, Barrocal B, López-Pérez R, García-Bermejo ML, Fresno M. Prostaglandins induce early growth response 1 transcription factor mediated microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase up-regulation for colorectal cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39941-59. [PMID: 26498686 PMCID: PMC4741871 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) has been associated with cell growth, invasiveness, tumor progression and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas. However, the downstream prostaglandin (PG)-PG receptor pathway involved in these effects is poorly characterized.We studied the PG-pathway in gene expression databases and we found that PTGS2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) and PTGES (prostaglandin E synthase) are co-expressed in human colorectal tumors. Moreover, we detected that COX2 and microsomal Prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) proteins are both up-regulated in colorectal human tumor biopsies.Using colon carcinoma cell cultures we found that COX2 overexpression significantly increased mPGES1 mRNA and protein. This up-regulation was due to an increase in early growth response 1 (EGR1) levels and its transcriptional activity. EGR1 was induced by COX2-generated PGF2α. A PGF2α receptor antagonist, or EGR1 silencing, inhibited the mPGES1 induction by COX2 overexpression. Moreover, using immunodeficient mice, we also demonstrated that both COX2- and mPGES1-overexpressing carcinoma cells were more efficient forming tumors.Our results describe for the first time the molecular pathway correlating PTGS2 and PTGES in colon cancer progression. We demonstrated that in this pathway mPGES1 is induced by COX2 overexpression, via autocrine PGs release, likely PGF2α, through an EGR1-dependent mechanism. This signaling provides a molecular explanation to PTGS2 and PTGES association and contribute to colon cancer advance, pointing out novel potential therapeutic targets in this oncological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS-P), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Jimenez-Martinez
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Jimenez-Segovia
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Chico-Calero
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Conde
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Galán-Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pascual
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Barrocal
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo López-Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘‘Severo Ochoa” (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS-P), Madrid, Spain
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Valle G, Boncompagni S, Sacchetto R, Protasi F, Volpe P. Post-natal heart adaptation in a knock-in mouse model of calsequestrin 2-linked recessive catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Exp Cell Res 2013; 321:178-89. [PMID: 24370574 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) contributes to intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis by virtue of its low-affinity/high-capacity Ca(2+) binding properties, maintains sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) architecture and regulates excitation-contraction coupling, especially or exclusively upon β-adrenergic stimulation. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease associated with cardiac arrest in children or young adults. Recessive CPVT variants are due to mutations in the CASQ2 gene. Molecular and ultra-structural properties were studied in hearts of CASQ2(R33Q/R33Q) and of CASQ2(-/-) mice from post-natal day 2 to week 8. The drastic reduction of CASQ2-R33Q is an early developmental event and is accompanied by down-regulation of triadin and junctin, and morphological changes of jSR and of SR-transverse-tubule junctions. Although endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated, no signs of either apoptosis or autophagy are detected. The other model of recessive CPVT, the CASQ2(-/-) mouse, does not display the same adaptive pattern. Expression of CASQ2-R33Q influences molecular and ultra-structural heart development; post-natal, adaptive changes appear capable of ensuring until adulthood a new pathophysiological equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Valle
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Imaging dell'Università Gabriele D'Annunzio, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Imaging dell'Università Gabriele D'Annunzio, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pompeo Volpe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova, Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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Bodur C, Kutuk O, Karsli-Uzunbas G, Isimjan TT, Harrison P, Basaga H. Pramanicin analog induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells: critical roles for Bcl-2, Bim, and p38 MAPK signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56369. [PMID: 23441183 PMCID: PMC3575438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pramanicin (PMC) is an antifungal agent that was previously demonstrated to exhibit antiangiogenic and anticancer properties in a few in vitro studies. We initially screened a number of PMC analogs for their cytotoxic effects on HCT116 human colon cancer cells. PMC-A, the analog with the most potent antiproliferative effect was chosen to further interrogate the underlying mechanism of action. PMC-A led to apoptosis through activation of caspase-9 and -3. The apoptotic nature of cell death was confirmed by abrogation of cell death with pretreatment with specific caspase inhibitors. Stress-related MAPKs JNK and p38 were both activated concomittantly with the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of p38 proved to attenuate the cell death induction while pretreatment with JNK inhibitor did not exhibit a protective effect. Resistance of Bax −/− cells and the protective nature of caspase-9 inhibition indicate that mitochondria play a central role in PMC-A induced apoptosis. Early post-exposure elevation of cellular Bim and Bax was followed by a marginal Bcl-2 depletion and Bid cleavage. Further analysis revealed that Bcl-2 downregulation occurs at the mRNA level and is critical to mediate PMC-A induced apoptosis, as ectopic Bcl-2 expression substantially spared the cells from death. Conversely, forced expression of Bim proved to significantly increase cell death. In addition, analyses of p53−/− cells demonstrated that Bcl-2/Bim/Bax modulation and MAPK activations take place independently of p53 expression. Taken together, p53-independent transcriptional Bcl-2 downregulation and p38 signaling appear to be the key modulatory events in PMC-A induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Bodur
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zarain-Herzberg A, Estrada-Avilés R, Fragoso-Medina J. Regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and calsequestrin gene expression in the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1017-28. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of Ca2+levels during the contraction–relaxation cycle in cardiac myocytes is extremely important for normal beat-to-beat contractile activity. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role controlling calcium concentration in the cytosol. The SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) transports Ca2+inside the SR lumen during relaxation of the cardiac myocyte. Calsequestrin (Casq2) is the main protein in the SR lumen, functioning as a Ca2+buffer and participating in Ca2+release by interacting with the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+-release channel. Alterations in normal Ca2+handling significantly contribute to the contractile dysfunction observed in cardiac hypertrophy and in heart failure. Transcriptional regulation of the SERCA2 gene has been extensively studied and some of the mechanisms regulating its expression have been elucidated. Overexpression of Sp1 factor in cardiac hypertrophy downregulates SERCA2 gene expression and increased levels of thyroid hormone up-regulates its transcription. Other hormones such norepinephrine, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin-F2α, as well the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 also downregulate SERCA2 expression. Calcium acting through the calcineurin–NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway has been suggested to regulate SERCA2 and CASQ2 gene expression. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulation of SERCA2 and CASQ2 genes in the normal and pathologic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Estrada-Avilés
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Fragoso-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Ritchie MF, Zhou Y, Soboloff J. WT1/EGR1-mediated control of STIM1 expression and function in cancer cells. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:2402-15. [PMID: 21622185 DOI: 10.2741/3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There have been numerous publications linking Ca(2+) signaling and cancer, however, a clear explanation for this link has remained elusive. We recently identified the oncogenes/tumor suppressors Wilms Tumor Suppressor 1 (WT1) and Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) as regulators of the expression of STIM1, an essential regulator of Ca(2+) entry in non-excitable cells. The current review focuses on the literature defining both differential Ca(2+) signaling and WT1/EGR1 expression patterns in 6 specific cancer subtypes: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Wilms Tumor, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and prostate cancer. For each tumor-type, we have assessed how specific changes in WT1 and EGR1 expression might contribute to aberrant Ca(2+) homeostasis as well as the therapeutic potential of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Palbykin B, Borg J, Caldwell PT, Rowles J, Papoutsis AJ, Romagnolo DF, Selmin OI. Trichloroethylene Induces Methylation of the Serca2 Promoter in H9c2 Cells and Embryonic Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:204-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sakamoto A, Sugamoto Y. Identification of a novel aldose reductase-like gene upregulated in the failing heart of cardiomyopathic hamster. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ritchie MF, Zhou Y, Soboloff J. Transcriptional mechanisms regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis. Cell Calcium 2010; 49:314-21. [PMID: 21074851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a dynamic cellular secondary messenger which mediates a vast array of cellular responses. Control over these processes is achieved via an extensive combination of pumps and channels which regulate the concentration of Ca(2+) within not only the cytosol but also all intracellular compartments. Precisely how these pumps and channels are regulated is only partially understood, however, recent investigations have identified members of the Early Growth Response (EGR) family of zinc finger transcription factors as critical players in this process. The roles of several other transcription factors in control of Ca(2+) homeostasis have also been demonstrated, including Wilms Tumor Suppressor 1 (WT1), Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) and c-myc. In this review, we will discuss not only how these transcription factors regulate the expression of the major proteins involved in control of Ca(2+) homeostasis, but also how this transcriptional remodeling of Ca(2+) homeostasis affects Ca(2+) dynamics and cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
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Zhang J, Gong Y, Yu Y. PG F(2α) Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2010; 1:116. [PMID: 21607067 PMCID: PMC3095374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2010.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs), a group of key lipid mediators, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and cardiovascular homeostasis. Each PG acts on its specific and distinct cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Prostaglandin F(2α) receptor (FP) is required for female reproductive function such as luteolysis and parturition. It has recently been implicated in blood pressure regulation, atherosclerosis and other inflammation-related disorders. The emerging role of FP in cardiovascular diseases is highlighted and potential therapeutic translation is discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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